2017 French presidential election
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Opinion polls | |||||||||||||||||
Turnout | 77.77% (first round) 1.71pp 74.56% (second round) 5.79pp | ||||||||||||||||
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Presidential elections were held in France on 23 April and 7 May 2017. As no candidate won a majority in the first round, a
François Fillon of The Republicans (LR)—after winning the party's first open primary—and Le Pen of the National Front led first-round opinion polls in November 2016 and mid-January 2017. Polls tightened considerably by late January; after the publication of revelations that Fillon employed family members in possibly fictitious jobs in a series of politico-financial affairs that came to be colloquially known as "Penelopegate", Macron overtook Fillon to place consistently second in first-round polling. At the same time, Benoît Hamon won the Socialist primary, entering fourth place in the polls. After strong debate performances, Jean-Luc Mélenchon of La France Insoumise (FI) rose significantly in polls in late March, overtaking Hamon to place just below Fillon.
The first round was held under a state of emergency that was declared following the November 2015 Paris attacks.[1] Following the result of the first round, Macron and Le Pen continued to the 7 May runoff.[2] It was the first time since 2002 that a National Front candidate continued to the second round and the first time in the history of the Fifth Republic that the runoff did not include a nominee of the traditional left or right parties;[3] their combined share of the vote from eligible voters, at approximately 26%, was also a historic low.[4]
Estimations of the result of the second round on 7 May indicated that Macron had been elected by a decisive margin; Le Pen immediately conceded defeat.[5] After the Interior Ministry published preliminary results, the official result of the second round was proclaimed by the Constitutional Council on 10 May. Overall, 43.6% of the registered electorate voted for Macron; in 2002, by contrast, two-thirds of eligible voters voted against then-FN candidate Jean-Marie Le Pen.[6] When Macron took office on 14 May, he became the youngest holder of the presidency in French history and the youngest French head of state since Napoleon. He named Édouard Philippe as Prime Minister the next day. The initial government was assembled on 17 May; a legislative election on 11 and 18 June gave En Marche! a substantial majority.
Background
The
Each presidential candidate must meet a specific set of requirements in order to run. They must be a French citizen of at least 18 years old. It is also necessary for candidates to be on an electoral roll, proving their eligibility to vote.
To be listed on the first-round ballot, candidates must secure 500 signatures[9] (often referred to as parrainages) from national or local elected officials from at least 30 different departments or overseas collectivities, with no more than a tenth of these signatories from any single department.[10] The official signature collection period followed the publication of the Journal officiel on 25 February to 17 March.[11] The collection period had initially been scheduled to begin on 23 February, but a visit by Prime Minister Bernard Cazeneuve to China on that date forced a delay.[12] French prefectures mailed sponsorship forms to the 42,000 elected officials eligible to give their signature to a candidate, which must then be delivered to the Constitutional Council for validation. Unlike in previous years, a list of validated signatures was posted on Tuesday and Thursday of every week on the council's website; in the past, signatories were published only after the official candidate list had been verified after the end of the collection period. The end of the signature collection period also marked the deadline for the declaration of personal assets required of prospective candidates. The final list of candidates was declared on 21 March.[11]
The Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel (CSA) ensured that all candidates receive equal time in broadcast media "under comparable programming conditions" from 19 March onward.[8] The CSA warned on 8 March that the amount of speaking time broadcasters had given Fillon and his supporters was "unusually high", even given the unusual circumstances surrounding his candidacy.[14] After the official start of the campaign on 10 April, the CSA strictly enforced equal time in broadcast media. Campaigning for the first round of the election ended at midnight on 21 April, two days before the vote. The Constitutional Council verified the results of the first round between the 24–26 April and officially certified the vote tallies on 26 April, with the same procedure being used for the second round. The new President of the French Republic was set to be proclaimed on 11 May and undergo their investiture ceremony on 14 May at the latest.[8]
Candidates
On 18 March 2017, the Constitutional Council published the names of the 11 candidates who received 500 valid sponsorships, with the order of the list determined by drawing lots.[15]
Candidate name and age,[16] political party |
Political office(s) | Campaign logo | Details | ||
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Nicolas Dupont-Aignan (56) Debout la France (DLF) |
President of (1995–2017) |
A former member of the Debout la République (DLR), which was later renamed Debout la France (DLF) in 2014. He previously stood as a candidate in the 2012 presidential election, in which he garnered 1.79% of the vote in the first round. Claiming the mantle of Gaullism, he sought to position himself between Le Pen and Fillon.[17] Five days after his elimination in the first round, he announced his support for Le Pen in the second round.[18]
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National Front (FN)
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President of the MEP for North-West France (2004–2017) |
When Le Pen, a lawyer by occupation, stood in the National Front (FN), founded and previously led by her father Jean-Marie Le Pen, culminating in a bitter leadership struggle which she won in 2011. Her campaign programme prioritised the national interests of France and an exit from the eurozone,[17] emphasising her party's traditional concern about security and immigration, as well as socioeconomic issues and the sovereignty of the French state, on matters of currency, borders, the economy and rule of law.[19] Her campaign was punctuated by judicial inquiries into her party and personal associates.[17]
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En Marche! (EM)
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President of Minister of the Economy, Industry and Digital Affairs (2014–2016) |
The youngest candidate in the race and a former cabinet member who had never run for elected office, Macron described himself as "neither of the right nor the left". He was appointed deputy Secretary-General of the En Marche! movement in April 2016 before resigning from the cabinet on 30 August.[17] The most explicitly pro-European of the candidates, Macron intends to implement reforms to modernize the French economy.[19] Macron secured support across the political spectrum, but primarily among liberal-leaning figures;[20] notable supporters include perennial centrist candidate François Bayrou, president of the Democratic Movement (MoDem),[21] as well as Minister of Defence Jean-Yves Le Drian.[22]
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Benoît Hamon (49) Socialist Party (PS) |
Deputy for Yvelines (2012 and 2014–2017) Other offices
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Hamon, a left-wing critic of Europe Ecology – The Greens (EELV) in February, becoming the joint candidate of both parties.[17] He also advocated for the legalization of cannabis and reforming the structure of government to a "Sixth Republic".[19] He endorsed Emmanuel Macron in the second round.[2]
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Nathalie Arthaud (47) Workers' Struggle (LO) |
Spokeswoman of Lutte Ouvrière (since 2008) |
Arthaud first ran for the presidency in the 2012 election under the LO banner, receiving 0.56% of votes in the first round. A professor of economics, she described the objective of her candidacy as being to, "make the workers' voice heard", hoping to "allow workers, the unemployed and exploited to defend their interests, as opposed to [those who pocketed] millions and millions".[17] She claims that she is the only communist candidate, and wants to see borders disappear and overthrow capitalism.[19] She intended to cast a blank vote in the second round.[2] | |||
Philippe Poutou (50) New Anticapitalist Party (NPA) |
Spokesperson of the New Anticapitalist Party (since 2009) |
A long-time radical left-wing activist, as well as a trade unionist and Ford mechanic in Blanquefort, Poutou led opposition to the shutdown of the local factory. He also ran in the 2012 presidential election, obtaining 1.15% of votes. He launched his political activities at Lutte Ouvrière before joining the Revolutionary Communist League (LCR) which became the NPA in 2009.[17] With Marxist and anarchist roots, he crusades against capitalism and espouses radical-left ideas.[19] He offered no voting instructions to his supporters for the second round.[2] | |||
Solidarity and Progress (S&P)
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President of Solidarity and Progress (since 1996) |
Cheminade founded Solidarity and Progress in 1996 and is the figurehead of the LaRouche movement in France. He proposes leaving NATO, the EU, the eurozone and returning to the franc. He supports colonisation of the Moon to facilitate exploration of Mars. He was a candidate twice before, in 1995 and 2012, collecting 0.28% and 0.25% of the vote, respectively, but failed to appear on the ballot in 1981, 1988, 2002 and 2007.[17] His position on the second round is unclear,[2] only specifying that he, personally, would not cast a vote for Le Pen while also denouncing the forces of "financial occupation".[23]
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Jean Lassalle (61) Résistons! |
(since 1977) |
Lassalle, a former member of the Total factory from Accous to the Lacq basin 65 km (40 mi) away. In 2013, he walked 6,000 km (3,700 mi) on foot to "meet the French".[17] He opted to cast a blank vote in the second round.[24]
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Jean-Luc Mélenchon (65) La France Insoumise (FI) |
MEP for South-West France (2009–2017) Other offices
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Denouncing the "liberal drift" of the party, Mélenchon left the Nicolas Maduro.[19] He ran an innovative campaign, gathering a large following on social media[26] and holding simultaneous meetings in multiple cities via hologram.[27] He intended to consult with his movement before making any pronouncement on the second round.[2] After a few days, he stated that he would not vote for the FN, but never explicitly provided any further voting instructions.[28]
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François Asselineau (59) Popular Republican Union (UPR) |
President of the Popular Republican Union (since 2007) |
A sovereignist, Asselineau surprised political observers with his ability to secure the 500 sponsorships required to stand as a candidate. Formerly of the RPF and UMP, he founded the Popular Republican Union (UPR) in 2007 and has agitated for the French to exit from the EU.[17] Sometimes classified as a far-right Eurosceptic, he has denounced "American imperialism" and proposed leaving NATO.[19] He offered no endorsement in the second round.[2]
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François Fillon (63) The Republicans (LR) |
(2007–2012) Other offices
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Fillon led a prolific political career starting from the early 1970s. The surprise winner of the primary of the right offered a liberal economic program ending the 35-hour workweek, dismissing 500,000 civil servants, abolishing the wealth tax (ISF), streamlining the labour code, and reforming the health insurance system. However, his campaign was hobbled in January 2017 following the publication of allegations of fictitious employment of family members, including his wife, collectively known as "Penelopegate". He initially said he would drop his bid if placed under formal investigation, but continued his candidacy after such investigations began on 15 March.[17] He endorsed Emmanuel Macron in the second round.[2] |
Sponsorships
A candidate must secure 500 signatures from elected officials in order to appear on the first-round ballot,[10] with the signature collection period ending on 17 March.[11] The table below lists sponsorships received by the Constitutional Council by candidate.[29]
- Colour legend
1–50 | 51–100 | 101–150 | 151–200 | 201–250 | 251–300 | 301–350 | 351–400 | 401–450 | 451–500 | 500+ |
Candidate | Party | 1 Mar | 3 Mar | 7 Mar | 10 Mar | 14 Mar | 18 Mar | Total | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Michèle Alliot-Marie | DVD | 4 | 4 | 18 | 12 | 15 | 21 | 74 | ||
Nathalie Arthaud | LO | 201 | 113 | 243 | 36 | 30 | 14 | 637 | 500 signatures validated by 7 March | |
François Asselineau | UPR | 60 | 0 | 420 | 44 | 45 | 18 | 587 | 500 signatures validated by 10 March | |
François Baroin | LR | 0 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 18 | 18 | 45 | Not a candidate | |
Éric Besson | SE
|
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
Jérôme Blanal | SE
|
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
Jean-Louis Borloo | UDI | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | Not a candidate | |
Philippe Bouriachi | EELV
|
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Not the nominee of EELV | |
Renaud Camus | SE
|
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
Bernard Cazeneuve | PS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Not a candidate | |
Jacques Cheminade | SP
|
61 | 102 | 207 | 27 | 72 | 59 | 528 | 500 signatures validated by 18 March | |
Daniel Cohn-Bendit | EELV
|
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Not a candidate | |
Robert de Prévoisin
|
AR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
Olivier Delafon | SE
|
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
Nicolas Dupont-Aignan | DLF | 31 | 174 | 354 | 64 | 49 | 35 | 707 | 500 signatures validated by 7 March | |
Bastien Faudot
|
MRC | 3 | 1 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 29 | Withdrew candidacy on 12 March[30] | |
Bertrand Fessard de Foucault | SE
|
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
François Fillon | LR | 738 | 417 | 634 | 322 | 842 | 682 | 3,635 | 500 signatures validated by 1 March | |
Jean-Pierre Gorges | DVD | 1 | 10 | 22 | 13 | 11 | 13 | 70 | ||
Michael Goué | SE
|
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Not a candidate[31] | |
Henri Guaino | DVD | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 16 | 33 | ||
Jean-Paul Guilbert | SE
|
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
Stéphane Guyot | SE
|
0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 9 | ||
Benoît Hamon | PS | 184 | 150 | 705 | 278 | 400 | 322 | 2,039 | 500 signatures validated by 7 March | |
Laurent Hénart | UDI | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 7 | Not a candidate | |
François Hollande | PS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 7 | Not a candidate | |
Yannick Jadot | EELV
|
1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 5 | Withdrew candidacy to support Benoît Hamon[32] | |
Alexandre Jardin | SE
|
7 | 10 | 39 | 8 | 43 | 58 | 165 | ||
Lionel Jospin | PS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Not a candidate | |
Alain Juppé | LR | 0 | 1 | 241 | 46 | 14 | 11 | 313 | Renounced potential candidacy on 6 March[33] | |
Patrick Kanner | PS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Not a candidate | |
Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet | LR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Not a candidate | |
Camille Laine | SE
|
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
Pierre Larrouturou | ND | 1 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 8 | 33 | ||
Jean Lassalle | SE
|
14 | 56 | 163 | 56 | 164 | 255 | 708 | 500 signatures validated by 18 March | |
Marine Le Pen | FN
|
25 | 59 | 399 | 94 | 41 | 9 | 627 | 500 signatures validated by 10 March | |
Bruno Le Maire | LR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Not a candidate | |
Jean-Michel Levacher | SE
|
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Not a candidate | |
Emmanuel Macron | EM
|
229 | 235 | 610 | 192 | 282 | 281 | 1,829 | 500 signatures validated by 7 March | |
Charlotte Marchandise
|
LP
|
4 | 3 | 21 | 7 | 36 | 64 | 135 | ||
Jean-Claude Martinez | SE
|
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | ||
Jean-Luc Mélenchon | FI | 87 | 49 | 220 | 76 | 234 | 139 | 805 | 500 signatures validated by 14 March | |
Kamel Messaoudi | SE
|
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||
Nicolas Miguet
|
RCF | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 15 | ||
Jean-Luc Millo | SE
|
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Self-sponsored[31] | |
Hervé Morin | LC
|
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Not a candidate | |
Alain Mourguy | SE
|
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
Paul Mumbach | SE
|
2 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 14 | ||
Jacques Nikonoff | SE
|
0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 6 | ||
Régis Passerieux | DVG | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
Philippe Poutou | NPA | 35 | 1 | 161 | 48 | 112 | 216 | 573 | 500 signatures validated by 18 March | |
Olivier Régis | SE
|
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 7 | ||
Didier Tauzin | SE
|
4 | 4 | 21 | 12 | 19 | 24 | 84 | ||
Oscar Temaru | TH
|
1 | 1 | 14 | 20 | 46 | 27 | 109 | ||
Emmanuel Toniutti | SE
|
0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 9 | ||
Bernard Trambouze | DVG | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Self-sponsored[31] | |
Christian Troadec
|
SE
|
12 | 8 | 15 | 14 | 2 | 2 | 53 | Withdrew candidacy on 6 March[34] | |
Michel Vergne | SE
|
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | Non-candidate; sponsored by friend as a joke[35] | |
Antoine Waechter | MEI | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 11 | ||
Laurent Wauquiez | LR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Not a candidate | |
Rama Yade | DVD | 8 | 21 | 84 | 38 | 66 | 136 | 353 | ||
Total | 1,717 | 1,438 | 4,626 | 1,442 | 2,589 | 2,484 | 14,296 |
Non-candidates
Socialist Party (PS)
The 2017 presidential election was the first in the history of the
Democratic Movement (MoDem)
Europe Ecology – The Greens (EELV)
On 9 July 2016,
Duflot was considered the early favorite, though she initially opposed holding a primary, aware of the risk that she might lose it; and highlighted her experience in government. Her main proposal was to incorporate the fight against climate change into the Constitution. Jadot was perceived as her main challenger; elected as an MEP in 2009, he worked with Greenpeace France from 2002 to 2008, specializing in transatlantic trade and climate issues. With Thomas Piketty and Daniel Cohn-Bendit, he sought a "primary of all the left", which failed to materialize. He rejected the "candidacy awaited by the political-media world" – that of Duflot, among others – and represented an anti-Duflot force from the party's right wing. Rivasi only barely managed to qualify for the primary, earlier lacking the necessary sponsorships. Like Jadot, she represented the radical wing of the party – albeit on its left flank – and served as deputy for Drôme from 1997 to 2002 and led Greenpeace France from 2003 to 2004. Delli, the daughter of Algerian immigrants, first became involved in politics as part of collective movements, and sought to become an MEP in 2009 after a stint as parliamentary assistant to Marie-Christine Blandin. Also of the party's left-wing, she declared that she would defend a "popular ecology".[40]
Jadot and Rivasi advanced to the runoff after scoring 35.61% and 30.16%, respectively, in the first round; the other two candidates were eliminated, with Duflot garnering 24.41% and Delli 9.82%. Jadot won the second round of the primary on 7 November, obtaining 54.25% of the vote against Rivasi's 40.75%, becoming the nominee of the EELV in the presidential election.[41] Jadot, who claimed 496 sponsorships just before the opening of the collection period,[42] withdrew his candidacy on 23 February and endorsed Hamon, the pair having agreed on a common platform.[32] An online vote among EELV primary voters from 24 and 26 February was required to confirm the agreement; an earlier vote to open talks with Hamon and Mélenchon was approved by 89.7% of those electors.[43] The Hamon–Jadot alliance was consummated on 26 February; among those who cast a vote, 79.53% voted to support it, with 15.39% opposed and 5.08% submitting blank ballots, and an overall voter turnout of 55.25% (9,433 votes).[44] This marks the first election since 1969 without a green candidate.[45]
Primaries
The Republicans (LR)
After his loss as the nominee of the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) in the 2012 presidential election, ex-president Nicolas Sarkozy pledged to return to being a "Frenchman among the French". However, he announced on 19 September 2014 that he would seek the presidency of the party,[46] a position he secured in an online vote on 29 November online vote with the backing of 64.50% of party members, against his main opponent Bruno Le Maire's 29.18%. He succeeded the triumvirate of Alain Juppé, François Fillon, and Jean-Pierre Raffarin, which assumed the party's leadership after the resignation of Jean-François Copé.[47] Sarkozy was initially reluctant to accept the idea of holding a right-wing primary for the 2017 presidential election, but on 25 September 2014 he declared his support for a primary of the right after a warning from Juppé,[48] who on 20 August made public his intention to run for the nomination.[49]
The rules of the primary were confirmed in April 2015, scheduling the first round of an open primary for 20 November 2016, with a runoff on 27 November if no candidate received more than 50% of the vote. Those wishing to vote were required to pay €2 per ballot and sign a charter indicating their adherence to "Republican values of the right and centre".
The primary was initially fought primarily between Juppé and Sarkozy, the top two candidates in primary polls.[56] Sarkozy's program emphasized the themes of Islam, immigration, security, and defense. He proposed to end family reunifications and reform the right to birthright citizenship, halt the flow of economic migrants, and increase residence requirements to secure French nationality. He reaffirmed his interest in the "assimilation" of immigrants, and intended to ban other menus for school canteens (i.e., options for Muslim students) as well as Muslim headscarves at universities. Sarkozy also suggested that radical imams be expelled and suspected terrorists be detained by authorities and tried by a special anti-terrorist court, in addition a reduction in the age of criminal responsibility from 18 to 16. He proposed to postpone the increase the retirement age to 64 until 2024, permit exemptions to the 35-hour workweek, cut 300,000 civil service jobs by increasing working hours to 37 per week, and abolish the wealth tax (ISF). Like Le Maire, he did not rule out the possibility of a referendum on the European Union (EU).[57] He also sought a European treaty "refounding", the creation of a European monetary fund, to commit 2% to defense spending by 2025,[58] and to reduce public spending by €100 billion and taxes by €40 billion while reducing the budget deficit to under 3% of GDP.[59]
In contrast to Sarkozy, Juppé spoke of a "happy identity" and emphasized the importance of integration as opposed to assimilation.[60] He supported drawing up a common list of "safe countries" to differentiate refugees from economic migrants, setting a "quota" on immigrants as necessary, and to stop providing foreign aid to countries refusing to comply with their obligation to accept deported citizens. He questioned Sarkozy's proposals on Schengen and instead merely acknowledged that it was not functioning correctly, but concurred with him in exempting the acquisition of French nationality by foreigners at the age of 18 if previously convicted.[61] Juppé also demanded transparency on the funding of places of worship, civic training for imams, and, unlike Sarkozy, favored allowing women to wear the Muslim headscarf at universities. On economic issues, he proposed to end the 35-hour workweek, abolish the wealth tax, reduce corporate taxation, and set the retirement age at 65. He also pledged to slash in half the number of parliamentarians, renegotiate Schengen, and increase defense spending in absolute terms by at least €7 billion by 2022.[62]
After several strong debate performances by Fillon, however, a second-round Juppé–Sarkozy duel no longer appeared inevitable.
The first round of the primary on 20 November saw the unexpected elimination of Sarkozy, with Fillon coming in first with 44.1%, Juppé at 28.6%, and Sarkozy at 20.7% of the vote, and all other candidates far behind. A second round between Fillon and Juppé was confirmed, and Sarkozy announced that he would vote for his former Prime Minister soon after the results became clear.[65][66] Fillon scored a landslide victory in the 27 November runoff with 66.5% of the vote to Juppé's 33.5% and became the Republicans' nominee; voter turnout – at 4.4 million – was even higher than in the first round.[67][68]
Socialist Party (PS)
At the 2012
The EELV declared on 20 June that it would not participate in the primary,
On 17 December, the High Authority declared that seven candidates qualified to appear on the ballot: four from the Socialist Party – former
Former
The signature proposal of
In the first round of the primary on 22 January, Hamon and Valls received 36.03% and 31.48%, respectively, and advanced to the runoff on 29 January. Montebourg, who secured only 17.52% of votes,[93] declared that he would cast his second-round vote for Hamon soon after the result became apparent.[94] Among the remaining candidates, Peillon secured 6.81% of the vote, de Rugy 3.83%, Pinel 2.00%, and Bennahmias 1.02%. Overall turnout stood at 1.66 million.[93] The legitimacy of the first-round results published by the organizers of the primary was questioned by observers in the French press, who noted that an overnight update added 352,013 votes without significantly changing each candidate's percentage, with vote totals for each candidate increasing by 28%. Christophe Borgel , president of the organizing committee of the primary, claimed that the anomaly was nothing more than a "bug" induced by pressure to update the level of participation in the first round, effectively acknowledging that the results of the primary were manipulated. Only on 23 January did the High Authority of the primary publish "validated" results.[95] In the second round of the primary on 29 January, Hamon defeated Valls by a comfortable margin, 58.69% to 41.31%; turnout, at 2.05 million, was considerably higher than in the first round. As the winner of the primary, Hamon became the Socialist nominee for president.[96]
On 22 February, François de Rugy announced his support for Emmanuel Macron, breaking the commitment requested of former candidates to back the winner of the primary. While acknowledging that Hamon was the legitimate PS nominee, de Rugy said he preferred "coherence to obedience".[97] On 13 March, Le Parisien reported that Valls, rather than backing Hamon, would urge voters to support Macron in the first round of the presidential election;[98] Valls denied the report at the time,[99] but on 29 March declared that he would vote for Macron but would not rally behind his candidacy.[100] On 8 April the High Authority of the PS reminded party members to abide by the "principle of loyalty".[101] On 15 March, the PRG announced its support for Hamon, securing concessions on issues pertaining to European governance, and confirmed an agreement with the Socialist Party for the legislative elections; this followed a period of hesitation after the primary in which the party contemplated Macron's candidacy, which secured several of its parliamentarians' support.[102]
Fillon affair (Penelopegate)
On 25 January 2017, the satirical weekly
On 26 January, François Fillon appeared on TF1 to respond to these allegations, stating that his wife had "edited my speeches" and "stood in for me at events when I couldn’t be there", also claiming that the reason that she was never seen working in the Palais Bourbon was because "she was never on the front line". In the interview, he disclosed that he also paid two of his children while a Senator for the Sarthe between 2005 and 2007, claiming that he employed them in their capacity as lawyers. He also pledged to resign if he would be personally placed under investigation.[105] However, on 27 January, it was revealed that both Marie and Charles Fillon were only law students when their father employed them during his stint in the Senate, contrary to his statements the previous day.[106] Interrogated by investigators the same day, former editor-in-chief of the Revue des deux Mondes Michel Crépu claimed that only "two or maybe three" bylines in the review were attributed to her, also saying that he had seen "no trace" of any work by her that would "resemble [that of] a literary adviser".[107]
On 1 February, a week after its initial report, Le Canard enchaîné published revelations that the total sum received by Penelope Fillon in fictitious jobs apparently totaled more than €930,000; with the addition of the period from 1988 to 1990, her income as a parliamentary assistant now totaled €831,440. In addition, the satirical weekly also revealed that the payments to two of Fillon's children reached nearly €84,000, with €57,084 net for Marie Fillon and €26,651 for Charles Fillon.[108] Video excerpts of a May 2007 Sunday Telegraph interview with Penelope Fillon surfaced on 2 February, in which she claimed that she had "never been his assistant", referring to her husband; The footage aired on Envoyé spécial on France 2 that evening.[109] The PNF expanded investigation into the fictitious employment affair to include Fillon's two eldest children the same day to verify the veracity of their work, after Le Canard enchaîné reported that neither Marie nor Charles Fillon were lawyers at the time their father served in the Senate.[110] In a video on 3 February, François Fillon insisted that he would maintain his candidacy and called on his supporters to "hold the line", seeking to assuage worries from within his own camp about the maintenance of his candidacy.[111]
On 6 February, Fillon held a press conference at which he "apologized to the French people" and acknowledged that he had committed an "error" in employing family members as parliamentary assistants, but appended that he "never broke the law". He also argued that his wife's "salary was perfectly justified", adding that everything reported by the press on the issue was "legal and transparent". He said he would not reimburse the payments received by his wife or children, and, saying that he had "nothing to hide", divulged his property holdings. In addition to promising that his lawyers would question the competency of the PNF to carry out the investigation, he lambasted a "media lynching" of his campaign. His remarks followed Juppé's declaration that "NO means NO" earlier in the day in response to rumors that he might replace Fillon as the party's candidate should he decide to drop his bid.[112]
Le Canard enchaîné continued its run of stories on Fillon in its issue of 8 February, revealing that Penelope Fillon collected severance payments totaling €45,000, with €16,000 in August 2002 for the period 1998–2002 and €29,000 in 2013 for seventeen months of employment for which she earned €65,839. The satirical weekly also asserted that she received a double salary during the summer of 2002, as she was hired by Joulaud's office on 13 July, more than a month before her contract as a parliamentary assistant with her husband expired, on 21 August. Although aides are eligible to collect severance payments, the law does not permit such a high level for parliamentary assistants. An article in the same issue reported that Marie Fillon was simultaneously employed as a parliamentary assistant while training to become a lawyer, taking the first post in October 2005 and entering the EFB in January 2006. Fillon responded to the claims in a press release by saying that Le Canard enchaîné conflated the amount his wife collected in November 2013 with reported earnings in August 2007 after the conclusion of her work with Joulaud,[113] and denounced the paper's allegations as "lies".[114]
On 16 February, Fillon seemingly withdrew his earlier promise that he would terminate his candidacy if placed under formal investigation, saying "even if I am put under investigation, nothing will stop me" in private.[115] In an interview with Le Figaro published on 17 February, he insisted on continuing his campaign, declaring "I am the candidate and I will continue until victory" and that the closer to the election it was, the "more scandalous it would be to deprive the right and centre of a candidate".[116] On 24 February the PNF finally opened a judicial investigation into the "embezzlement of public funds, [...] influence-peddling and failure to comply with transparency obligations of the HATVP" against François Fillon, his wife, two of his children, and Marc Joulaud (who were left unnamed, presumably, to allow for expanding the investigation to other suspects, if necessary). The OCLCIFF, which failed to unearth any tangible proof of work by Fillon's wife as a parliamentary assistant to her husband from 1988 to 1990, 1998 to 2000, and 2012 to 2013 or to Marc Joulaud from 2002 to 2007, and was unconvinced by the two reviews in the Revue des deux Mondes attributed to Penelope Fillon, tasked three investigative judges to continue pursuing the affair.[117] These three judges were identified on 27 February as Serge Tournaire, Stéphanie Tacheau, and Aude Buresi.[118]
On 1 March, Fillon was informed that he was summoned to appear before the judges and likely to be placed under formal investigation – generally a precursor to an eventual indictment – on 15 March.[119] In the subsequent hours and days, hundreds of campaign members, allies, and supporters rescinded their support for Fillon, including the Union of Democrats and Independents (UDI), a centre-right party whose president Jean-Christophe Lagarde backed Juppé in the primary, suspended its participation in the campaign.[120] fifteen campaign staffers,[121] and hundreds of others; a total of 306 elected officials and members of the Fillon campaign withdrew their support for the candidate by 5 March.[122] Many of those rescinding their support speculated about the potential return of Juppé to replace Fillon as the party's candidate, with Fenech urging elected officials file sponsorships for the ex-primary candidate.[123] Meanwhile, associates of Juppé indicated that he was apparently warming to the idea of stepping in to run if needed, "ready but loyal".[124]
Despite this chain of defections, François Fillon remained defiant, holding a rally at the Trocadéro on that afternoon intended as show of force.[125] He then appeared on 20 heures on France 2 that evening, during which he refused to give up his candidacy, saying that "there is no alternative" and adding that "no one today can stop me from being a candidate", insisting that "it is not the party that will decide" the fate of his candidacy. He said that the rally at the Trocadéro cemented his legitimacy, and that though he would have stepped down two months ago if indicted then, it was now too close to the presidential election and it would be unfair to voters of the right if he quit now. With a "political committee" planned for the following day, he proposed to assemble a modified campaign team, naming François Baroin, Éric Ciotti, and Luc Chatel, in an attempt to rally support around his candidacy.[126] Immediately after Fillon's appearance, Juppé announced on Twitter that he give a statement to the press in Bordeaux at 10:30 CET the day after.[127]
Juppé officially announced his abstention from the race on 6 March, saying that "for me, it is too late", and added that Fillon was at a "dead end" with his allegations of political assassination.[33] The same day, the party's "political committee" rallied behind Fillon, unanimously reaffirming its support for his candidacy.[128] The same day, Le Canard enchaîné revealed that Fillon had failed to declare to the HATVP a €50,000 loan from Marc Ladreit de Lacharrière, president of the Revue des deux Mondes.[129] The UDI renewed its support for Fillon that evening, albeit only conditionally.[130] On 13 March, Le Parisien revealed that investigators discovered suspicious wire transfers made by Marie and Charles Fillon to their father while employed by him, with Marie returning €33,000 of the €46,000 she was paid. Charles Fillon, in his hearing, referred to similar transfers to his parents' joint account, worth about 30% of his salary.[131]
On the morning of 14 March, Fillon was placed under formal investigation for misuse of public funds, embezzlement, and failure to comply with HATVP disclosure requirements.[132] On 16 March the investigation into Fillon was extended to "aggravated fraud, forgery, and falsification of records". In particular, the probe sought to determine whether documents seized during a search of the National Assembly in March were forged in order to corroborate the veracity of Penelope Fillon's work as a parliamentary assistant.[133] The investigation was also expanded into possible influence-peddling related to Fillon's consulting firm 2F Conseil, which was previously hired by billionaire Marc Ladreit de Lacharrière, owner of the Revue des deux Mondes, which employed Penelope Fillon. In 2013 de Lacharrière also provided a €50,000 loan to François Fillon, who failed to declare it as legally required.[134] On L'Émission politique on 23 March, Fillon said that Bienvenue Place Beauvau, a book co-authored by Didier Hassoux of Le Canard enchaîné, suggested President Hollande ran a shadow cabinet to spread rumours about his opponents, a claim Hassoux subsequently denied.[135] On 24 March, Marc Joulaud, Fillon's former substitute, was formally placed under investigation for embezzlement of public funds.[136] Penelope Fillon was placed under formal investigation for complicity in and concealment of embezzlement and misuse of public funds, as well as aggravated fraud, on 28 March.[137]
On 10 April, Mediapart revealed that Penelope Fillon had in fact been paid by the National Assembly starting in 1982, not 1986, as earlier claimed by François Fillon.
Other incidents
After securing his party's nomination in its
During a trip to
The various investigations of the fictitious employment of 29 parliamentary assistants to 23
On 20 April, three days before the first round, three police officers were shot and one killed in
A report published on 25 April by the Japan-based security firm
In an interview with Associated Press the head of the French government's cyber security agency, which investigated leaks from President Emmanuel Macron's election campaign, said that they didn't find any trace of a notorious Russian hacking group behind the attack.[158]
First round
The official campaign began on 10 April and ended at midnight on 21 April. During this period, the Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel was to ensure equal speaking time for candidates in audiovisual media.[8] On French public broadcasters, ten slots were allotted to the eleven candidates from 10 to 18 and 20 April, with nine slots on 19 April and eleven slots – one for each candidate – on 21 April, the final day of active campaigning.[159]
Voting in the first round took place on Saturday 22 April from 08:00 to 19:00 (local time) in the French overseas departments and territories situated east of the International Date Line and west of metropolitan France (i.e. French Guiana, French Polynesia, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Martin, Saint Barthélemy and Saint Pierre and Miquelon), as well as at French diplomatic missions in the Americas.[160] Although overseas voting took place one day before that in metropolitan France, the election results and final turnout figures were announced at the same time, starting at 20:00 (Paris time) on 23 April, once voting ended in metropolitan France.[161][162] Voting in metropolitan France (as well as the French overseas departments and territories of Mayotte, New Caledonia, Réunion and Wallis and Futuna, and French diplomatic missions outside the Americas) took place on 23 April from 08:00 to 19:00 or 20:00 (local time).[160]
The official election results were declared by the Constitutional Council on 26 April, with Macron and Le Pen advancing to the second round.[8]
Debates
A debate between François Fillon, Benoît Hamon, Marine Le Pen, Emmanuel Macron, and Jean-Luc Mélenchon took place on 20 March, hosted by TF1 and moderated by journalists Anne-Claire Coudray and Gilles Bouleau. It was the first time that a debate prior to the first round was held. The choice of date meant that TF1 would not be required to provide candidates with equal speaking time, as Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel (CSA) regulations do not go into force until 9 April, the start of the official campaign. Nicolas Dupont-Aignan, who was not invited, denounced the debate as a "rape of democracy",[163] and the CSA urged TF1 to guarantee fair speaking time for other candidates.[164] Dupont-Aignan filed an appeal that was rejected in part because he had already received airtime proportionate to his support.[165] On 18 March, appearing on TF1, he quit mid-interview, furious at his exclusion from the network's debate.[166] The first debate began with an introductory question – "What kind of president do you want to be?" – followed by segments on three themes lasting about 50 minutes each: what type of society France should have, what type of economic model France should adopt, and the place of France in the world. The five candidates were given two minutes to answer each question, but opponents had the opportunity to interject 90 seconds in.[167] The debate was three and a half hours long,[168] and was watched by 9.8 million (47% of the audience share) on TF1, peaking at 11.5 million.[169]
BFM TV and CNews hosted the second debate on 4 April at 20:40 CEST, moderated by Ruth Elkrief and Laurence Ferrari,[170] inviting all candidates who qualified to appear on the first-round ballot.[171] The start time, earlier than that of the TF1 debate, was chosen to avoid continuing well past midnight. Three themes were addressed: employment, the French social model, and the protection of the French. The final part of the debate concerned the exercise of power and moralization of public officials. Each of the 11 candidates invited had a minute and a half to answer each question, and other candidates were permitted to challenge their answers. This was the first ever debate including all first-round candidates;[172] A total of 6.3 million people representing an audience share of 32% viewed the debate; BFM TV alone claimed 5.5 million viewers, equivalent to 28% audience share – an all-time record for the channel.[173]
France 2 intended to host a debate with all candidates on 20 April,[163] but on 28 March Mélenchon stated he was unhappy with its timing, planning not to attend, and would prefer that it be held before 17 April.[174] Macron also expressed reservations about the proposed third debate, stating that he wanted only one debate with all 11 candidates before the first round, and preferably not just three days before the first round of voting.[175] On 29 March, the CSA indicated that it was "concerned" that the date of the debate was too close to the first round, and recommended that candidates and broadcasters work to find an agreement as quickly as possible.[176] France Télévisions decided to maintain the date of 20 April due to the lack of a consensus on an alternative the following day,[177] but abandoned plans for a third debate on 5 April, instead proposing that individual candidates be interviewed by Léa Salamé and David Pujadas during that timeslot.[178] The plan was finally confirmed on 18 April, with France 2 offering successive 15-minute interviews to the 11 candidates with the two hosts.[179]
2017 French presidential election first-round debates | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date | Organizers | Moderators | P Present NI Non-invitee | Notes | ||||||||||
Arthaud | Poutou | Mélenchon | Hamon | Macron | Lassalle | Fillon | Dupont-Aignan | Asselineau | Le Pen | Cheminade | ||||
20 March 21:00 CET |
TF1 LCI |
Anne-Claire Coudray Gilles Bouleau |
NI | NI | P | P | P | NI | P | NI | NI | P | NI | [163][180] |
4 April 20:40 CEST |
BFM TV CNews |
Ruth Elkrief Laurence Ferrari |
P | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | [170][172] |
Candidate viewed as "most convincing" in each debate | ||||||||||||||
Debate | Poll source | Arthaud | Poutou | Mélenchon | Hamon | Macron | Lassalle | Fillon | Dupont-Aignan | Asselineau | Le Pen | Cheminade | Notes | |
20 March TF1/LCI |
Elabe | 20% | 11% | 29% | 19% | 19% | [181] | |||||||
OpinionWay | 17% | 8% | 25% | 20% | 18% | [182] | ||||||||
Harris* | 13% | 6% | 20% | 17% | 18% | [183] | ||||||||
Ifop-Fiducial Archived 5 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine* | 17% | 5% | 19% | 12% | 16% | [184] | ||||||||
4 April BFM TV/CNews |
Elabe | 3% | 5% | 25% | 9% | 21% | 1% | 15% | 6% | 3% | 11% | 0% | [185] | |
OpinionWay | 1% | 3% | 20% | 8% | 19% | 2% | 17% | 5% | 3% | 10% | 0% | [186] | ||
Harris* | 1% | 2% | 14% | 6% | 16% | 2% | 12% | 4% | 1% | 15% | 0% | [187] | ||
Ifop-Fiducial Archived 8 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine* | 2% | 6% | 24% | 7% | 19% | 2% | 16% | 5% | 2% | 16% | 1% | [188] | ||
* Harris and Ifop-Fiducial polls were conducted among those aware of the debate; Elabe and OpinionWay polls among debate viewers. |
Electorate
Sociology of the electorate | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic | Arthaud/ Poutou |
Mélenchon | Hamon | Macron | Fillon | Dupont-Aignan | Le Pen | Others | Turnout | ||||
Total vote | 1.7% | 19.6% | 6.4% | 24.0% | 20.0% | 4.7% | 21.3% | 2.3% | 77.8% | ||||
First-round vote in 2012 | |||||||||||||
Jean-Luc Mélenchon | 1% | 80% | 5% | 10% | 0% | 1% | 3% | 0% | 80% | ||||
François Hollande | 1% | 24% | 15% | 47% | 3% | 3% | 6% | 1% | 83% | ||||
François Bayrou | 2% | 10% | 5% | 43% | 22% | 9% | 3% | 6% | 82% | ||||
Nicolas Sarkozy | 0% | 3% | 1% | 17% | 59% | 4% | 14% | 2% | 87% | ||||
Marine Le Pen | 0% | 3% | 0% | 2% | 6% | 3% | 85% | 1% | 86% | ||||
Political party | |||||||||||||
EXG
|
7% | 62% | 2% | 7% | 8% | 0% | 14% | 0% | 84% | ||||
FG | 3% | 84% | 5% | 3% | 3% | 1% | 0% | 1% | 83% | ||||
EELV
|
5% | 38% | 22% | 19% | 2% | 7% | 4% | 3% | 66% | ||||
PS | 2% | 23% | 27% | 42% | 2% | 1% | 2% | 1% | 83% | ||||
EM
|
0% | 5% | 1% | 91% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 0% | 88% | ||||
MoDem | 1% | 11% | 3% | 46% | 24% | 12% | 0% | 3% | 84% | ||||
UDI | 0% | 0% | 2% | 36% | 50% | 9% | 2% | 1% | 81% | ||||
LR | 0% | 2% | 0% | 9% | 77% | 4% | 7% | 1% | 89% | ||||
FN
|
1% | 2% | 1% | 2% | 4% | 2% | 87% | 1% | 85% | ||||
None | 4% | 23% | 3% | 19% | 10% | 12% | 21% | 8% | 57% | ||||
Self-described political position | |||||||||||||
Very left-wing | 7% | 72% | 8% | 3% | 1% | 0% | 9% | 0% | 81% | ||||
Left-wing | 2% | 53% | 20% | 23% | 1% | 1% | 0% | 0% | 88% | ||||
Rather left-wing | 1% | 30% | 15% | 47% | 2% | 1% | 3% | 1% | 78% | ||||
Centre | 0% | 8% | 2% | 60% | 15% | 7% | 5% | 3% | 81% | ||||
Rather right-wing | 0% | 2% | 1% | 23% | 48% | 9% | 14% | 3% | 82% | ||||
Right-wing | 0% | 1% | 0% | 5% | 66% | 4% | 24% | 0% | 91% | ||||
Very right-wing | 1% | 1% | 0% | 1% | 12% | 3% | 80% | 2% | 91% | ||||
Neither left nor right | 4% | 16% | 3% | 17% | 8% | 9% | 37% | 6% | 60% | ||||
Left subtotal | 2% | 44% | 16% | 32% | 2% | 1% | 2% | 1% | 83% | ||||
Right and centre subtotal | 0% | 1% | 1% | 10% | 47% | 5% | 34% | 2% | 88% | ||||
Sex | |||||||||||||
Men | 2% | 21% | 4% | 23% | 18% | 5% | 24% | 3% | 78% | ||||
Women | 2% | 17% | 8% | 25% | 21% | 5% | 20% | 2% | 77% | ||||
Age | |||||||||||||
18–24 years old | 3% | 30% | 10% | 18% | 9% | 6% | 21% | 3% | 71% | ||||
25–34 years old | 1% | 24% | 8% | 28% | 8% | 3% | 24% | 4% | 72% | ||||
35–49 years old | 2% | 22% | 7% | 21% | 11% | 6% | 29% | 2% | 74% | ||||
50–59 years old | 3% | 21% | 6% | 21% | 13% | 6% | 27% | 3% | 76% | ||||
60–69 years old | 1% | 15% | 5% | 26% | 27% | 5% | 19% | 2% | 84% | ||||
70 or older | 0% | 9% | 3% | 27% | 45% | 4% | 10% | 2% | 88% | ||||
Socio-occupational classification | |||||||||||||
Manager/professional | 0% | 19% | 8% | 33% | 20% | 4% | 14% | 2% | 79% | ||||
Intermediate occupation | 2% | 22% | 9% | 26% | 13% | 6% | 19% | 3% | 78% | ||||
White-collar worker | 4% | 22% | 6% | 19% | 8% | 7% | 32% | 2% | 71% | ||||
Blue-collar worker | 4% | 24% | 5% | 16% | 5% | 5% | 37% | 4% | 71% | ||||
Retired | 1% | 12% | 4% | 26% | 36% | 5% | 14% | 2% | 87% | ||||
Employment status | |||||||||||||
Employee | 3% | 21% | 7% | 24% | 11% | 5% | 26% | 3% | 74% | ||||
Private employee | 2% | 20% | 6% | 25% | 12% | 6% | 26% | 3% | 73% | ||||
Public employee | 3% | 23% | 7% | 23% | 9% | 5% | 27% | 3% | 75% | ||||
Self-employed | 0% | 24% | 8% | 24% | 16% | 5% | 21% | 2% | 76% | ||||
Unemployed | 3% | 31% | 7% | 14% | 8% | 6% | 26% | 5% | 73% | ||||
Education | |||||||||||||
Less than baccalauréat | 2% | 17% | 4% | 19% | 19% | 6% | 30% | 3% | 75% | ||||
Baccalauréat | 3% | 21% | 6% | 24% | 15% | 5% | 24% | 2% | 76% | ||||
Bac +2 | 1% | 22% | 6% | 26% | 22% | 5% | 15% | 3% | 80% | ||||
At least bac +3 | 1% | 20% | 10% | 30% | 24% | 4% | 9% | 2% | 81% | ||||
Monthly household income | |||||||||||||
Less than €1,250 | 3% | 25% | 7% | 14% | 12% | 5% | 32% | 2% | 70% | ||||
€1,250 to €2,000 | 3% | 23% | 6% | 18% | 15% | 3% | 29% | 3% | 76% | ||||
€2,000 to €3,000 | 2% | 18% | 7% | 25% | 17% | 7% | 20% | 4% | 80% | ||||
More than €3,000 | 1% | 16% | 5% | 32% | 25% | 5% | 15% | 1% | 84% | ||||
Moment of choice of vote | |||||||||||||
Several months ago | 1% | 16% | 5% | 20% | 24% | 2% | 31% | 1% | 100% | ||||
A few weeks ago | 2% | 27% | 7% | 31% | 15% | 6% | 10% | 2% | 100% | ||||
In the last few days | 3% | 21% | 7% | 29% | 11% | 14% | 10% | 5% | 100% | ||||
At the last moment | 5% | 21% | 9% | 23% | 17% | 8% | 11% | 6% | 100% | ||||
Agglomeration | |||||||||||||
Rural | 3% | 18% | 5% | 21% | 19% | 7% | 23% | 4% | 80% | ||||
Fewer than 20,000 inhabitants | 2% | 20% | 5% | 23% | 17% | 5% | 25% | 3% | 76% | ||||
20,000 to 100,000 inhabitants | 1% | 21% | 7% | 26% | 18% | 2% | 24% | 1% | 73% | ||||
More than 100,000 inhabitants | 1% | 20% | 7% | 24% | 21% | 4% | 21% | 2% | 78% | ||||
Paris agglomeration | 1% | 19% | 6% | 29% | 25% | 5% | 14% | 1% | 76% | ||||
Religion | |||||||||||||
Catholic | 2% | 13% | 4% | 23% | 28% | 6% | 22% | 2% | 80% | ||||
Regular practitioner | 1% | 8% | 3% | 20% | 51% | 5% | 11% | 1% | 87% | ||||
Occasional practitioner | 2% | 13% | 4% | 23% | 27% | 6% | 22% | 3% | 80% | ||||
Non-practitioner | 2% | 17% | 6% | 22% | 16% | 4% | 29% | 4% | 77% | ||||
Others | 2% | 23% | 9% | 23% | 21% | 4% | 15% | 3% | 72% | ||||
None | 2% | 28% | 9% | 25% | 7% | 4% | 23% | 2% | 74% | ||||
Demographic | Turnout | ||||||||||||
Arthaud/ Poutou |
Mélenchon | Hamon | Macron | Fillon | Dupont-Aignan | Le Pen | Others | ||||||
Sociology of the electorate | |||||||||||||
Source: Ipsos France[189] |
Second round
Candidates in the second round | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Emmanuel Macron | Marine Le Pen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
En Marche!
|
Front National
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Minister of the Economy, Industry and Digital Affairs (2014–2016) |
Member of the European Parliament for North-West France (2004–2017) |
After being eliminated in the first round, both François Fillon and Benoît Hamon called to vote for Emmanuel Macron, while Jean-Luc Mélenchon refused to pronounce in favor of either candidate, preferring to first consult activists from his movement.[2] Jean Lassalle and Nathalie Arthaud opted to cast a blank vote,[2][24] Philippe Poutou and François Asselineau gave no voting instructions,[2] and Jacques Cheminade only stated that he would personally refuse to vote for Le Pen and denounced the forces of "financial occupation".[23] Nicolas Dupont-Aignan endorsed Le Pen during the evening of 28 April,[18] and was subsequently revealed as her choice for Prime Minister the following day.[190] On 2 May, the result of Mélenchon's consultation was published, with 36.12% voting for a blank vote, 34.83% supporting a vote for Macron, and 29.05% opting to abstain;[191] Mélenchon, for his part, issued no voting instructions, only urging his supporters not to make the "terrible error" of voting for Le Pen.[192] Jean-Marie Le Pen supported his daughter.[193]
On the evening of the first round, Macron and members of his entourage celebrated the result at La Rotonde, a brasserie in the 6th arrondissement of Paris; the move was criticized as premature and complacent, viewed as reminiscent of Nicolas Sarkozy's widely criticized post-election celebration at Fouquet's in 2007.[194] On 24 April, Le Pen vacated her position as leader of the National Front on 24 April to focus on her presidential candidacy but remained a member of the party.[195] On 26 April, while Macron met with union representatives in his hometown of Amiens employed at the local Whirlpool factory, slated to close in 2018, Le Pen arrived at the site of the factory outdoors around noon in a visit to speak with workers, catching Macron by surprise. When Macron subsequently arrived at the factory site in mid-afternoon, he was whistled and heckled by a hostile crowd, with some shouting "Marine présidente", before he subsequently spoke with the workers for half an hour.[196]
The official campaign ended at midnight on 5 May.[197] Just minutes before the election silence went into effect, emails and documents from the Macron campaign were leaked on a file-sharing website. The campaign team subsequently issued a statement claiming that they had been compromised, and alleged that the leak contained both real as well and some fabricated documents. Numerama, an online publication focusing on digital life, described the leaked material as "utterly mundane", consisting of "the contents of a hard drive and several emails of co-workers and En Marche political officials." Leaked documents included "memos, bills, loans for amounts that are hardly over-the-top, recommendations and other reservations, amidst, of course, exchanges that are strictly personal and private — personal notes on the rain and sunshine, a confirmation email for the publishing of a book, reservation of a table for friends, etc.", in addition to some documents unrelated to Macron.[198]
Voting in the second round took place on Saturday 6 May from 08:00 to 19:00 (local time) in the French overseas departments and territories situated east of the International Date Line and west of metropolitan France (i.e. French Guiana, French Polynesia, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Martin, Saint Barthélemy and Saint Pierre and Miquelon), as well as at French diplomatic missions in the Americas. Voting in metropolitan France (as well as the French overseas departments and territories of Mayotte, New Caledonia, Réunion and Wallis and Futuna, and French diplomatic missions outside the Americas) took place on Sunday 7 May from 08:00 to 19:00 or 20:00 (local time).[160] The results of the second round were officially proclaimed on 10 May.[199]
Debate
Though TF1 initially had plans to hold its own debate between the first and second round, it instead jointly hosted one with France 2.[200] BFM TV also originally intended to host a debate between the two rounds, and it sought to join France 2 and TF1 in co-hosting a single debate but was rebuffed; while all channels were welcome to broadcast the debate, CEO of France Télévisions Delphine Ernotte said, it would not accept such an arrangement with BFM TV, which would mean three journalists moderating the debate.[201] Unlike Jacques Chirac, who refused to debate Jean-Marie Le Pen after the latter's surprise advancement to the second round in the 2002 presidential election, Macron agreed to debate Marine Le Pen on 3 May.[202] The debate, planned to start at 21:00 CEST and last 2 hours and 20 minutes, was originally to be moderated by Gilles Bouleau and David Pujadas; however, after the Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel (CSA) raised concerns that the moderators would both be men for the first time since 1995, the final pair of Christophe Jakubyszyn of TF1 and Nathalie Saint-Cricq of France 2 was chosen.[203] A total of 16.5 million people (60% of the audience share) watched the debate.[204]
The debate was considered to have significantly damaged the image of Le Pen and the FN before the second round of the election, with Le Pen criticized for being overly aggressive, arrogant, and amateur in the topics at hand, and was also attributed as a cause of the poor performance of the FN in the subsequent legislative elections.[205]
2017 French presidential election second-round debate | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date | Organizers | Moderators | P Present | Notes | ||||||||||
Macron | Le Pen | |||||||||||||
3 May 21:00 CEST |
TF1 France 2 |
Christophe Jakubyszyn Nathalie Saint-Cricq |
P | P | [203] | |||||||||
Candidate viewed as "most convincing" | ||||||||||||||
Debate | Poll source | Macron | Le Pen | Notes | ||||||||||
3 May TF1/France 2 |
Elabe | 63% | 34% | [206] | ||||||||||
Harris* | 42% | 26% | [207] | |||||||||||
Ifop-Fiducial* | 45% | 29% | [208] | |||||||||||
Odoxa* | 48% | 19% | [209] | |||||||||||
* Elabe poll among viewers; Harris and Ifop-Fiducial polls among those aware of debate; Odoxa poll among a representative sample of the French population |
Electorate
Sociology of the electorate | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic | Macron | Le Pen | Blank/null votes | Turnout | |
Total vote | 66.1% | 33.9% | 11.5% | 74.6% | |
First-round presidential election vote | |||||
François Fillon | 48% | 20% | 15% | 83% | |
Jean-Luc Mélenchon | 52% | 7% | 17% | 76% | |
Benoît Hamon | 71% | 2% | 10% | 83% | |
Nicolas Dupont-Aignan | 27% | 30% | 20% | 77% | |
Political party | |||||
EXG
|
59% | 41% | – | 60% | |
FG | 80% | 20% | – | 72% | |
EELV
|
89% | 11% | – | 74% | |
PS | 94% | 6% | – | 85% | |
EM
|
100% | 0% | – | 91% | |
MoDem | 85% | 15% | – | 81% | |
UDI | 85% | 15% | – | 87% | |
LR | 70% | 30% | – | 78% | |
FN
|
3% | 97% | – | 82% | |
None | 62% | 38% | – | 59% | |
Self-described political position | |||||
Very left-wing | 77% | 23% | – | 62% | |
Left-wing | 95% | 5% | – | 82% | |
Rather left-wing | 91% | 9% | – | 79% | |
Centre | 89% | 11% | – | 83% | |
Rather right-wing | 76% | 24% | – | 78% | |
Right-wing | 47% | 53% | – | 79% | |
Very right-wing | 2% | 98% | – | 86% | |
Neither left nor right | 48% | 52% | – | 63% | |
Left subtotal | 92% | 8% | – | 79% | |
Right subtotal | 47% | 53% | – | 63% | |
Sex | |||||
Men | 62% | 38% | – | 73% | |
Women | 68% | 32% | – | 76% | |
Age | |||||
18–24 years old | 66% | 34% | – | 66% | |
25–34 years old | 60% | 40% | – | 68% | |
35–49 years old | 57% | 43% | – | 73% | |
50–59 years old | 64% | 36% | – | 76% | |
60–69 years old | 70% | 30% | – | 81% | |
70 or older | 78% | 22% | – | 82% | |
Socio-occupational classification | |||||
Manager/professional | 82% | 18% | – | 76% | |
Intermediate occupation | 67% | 33% | – | 75% | |
White-collar worker | 54% | 46% | – | 70% | |
Blue-collar worker | 44% | 56% | – | 68% | |
Retired | 74% | 26% | – | 83% | |
Employment status | |||||
Employee | 62% | 38% | – | 73% | |
Private employee | 63% | 37% | – | 72% | |
Public employee | 61% | 39% | – | 75% | |
Self-employed | 57% | 43% | – | 69% | |
Unemployed | 53% | 47% | – | 65% | |
Education | |||||
Less than baccalauréat | 55% | 45% | – | 73% | |
Baccalauréat | 64% | 36% | – | 72% | |
Bac +2 | 69% | 31% | – | 77% | |
At least bac +3 | 81% | 19% | – | 78% | |
Monthly household income | |||||
Less than €1,250 | 55% | 45% | – | 66% | |
€1,250 to €2,000 | 59% | 41% | – | 75% | |
€2,000 to €3,000 | 64% | 36% | – | 76% | |
More than €3,000 | 75% | 25% | – | 80% | |
Level of financial security with current income | |||||
Very difficult | 31% | 69% | – | 73% | |
Difficult | 61% | 39% | – | 72% | |
Easily | 79% | 21% | – | 78% | |
Future of the young generation | |||||
Better | 80% | 20% | – | 80% | |
Worse | 59% | 41% | – | 74% | |
Neither better nor worse | 79% | 21% | – | 77% | |
Agglomeration | |||||
Rural | 57% | 43% | – | 77% | |
Fewer than 20,000 inhabitants | 65% | 35% | – | 75% | |
20,000 to 100,000 inhabitants | 62% | 38% | – | 76% | |
More than 100,000 inhabitants | 72% | 28% | – | 73% | |
Religion | |||||
Catholic | 63% | 37% | – | 78% | |
Regular practitioner | 66% | 34% | – | 82% | |
Occasional practitioner | 66% | 34% | – | 78% | |
Non-practitioner | 62% | 38% | – | 77% | |
Others | 72% | 28% | – | 69% | |
None | 68% | 32% | – | 71% | |
Demographic | Turnout | ||||
Macron | Le Pen | Blank/null votes | |||
Sociology of the electorate | |||||
Source: Ipsos France[210] |
Opinion polls
- First round
- Second round
Results
Candidate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
Solidarity and Progress | 65,586 | 0.18 | ||||
Total | 36,054,394 | 100.00 | 31,381,603 | 100.00 | ||
Valid votes | 36,054,394 | 97.43 | 31,381,603 | 88.48 | ||
Invalid votes | 289,337 | 0.78 | 1,064,225 | 3.00 | ||
Blank votes | 659,997 | 1.78 | 3,021,499 | 8.52 | ||
Total votes | 37,003,728 | 100.00 | 35,467,327 | 100.00 | ||
Registered voters/turnout | 47,582,183 | 77.77 | 47,568,693 | 74.56 | ||
Source: Constitutional Council (First round · Second round) |
First round
By department
Department | Emmanuel Macron |
Marine Le Pen |
François Fillon |
Jean-Luc Mélenchon |
Benoît Hamon |
Nicolas Dupont-Aignan |
Jean Lassalle |
Philippe Poutou |
François Asselineau |
Nathalie Arthaud |
Jacques Cheminade | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Ain | 73,692 | 22.62 | 81,455 | 25.00 | 69,805 | 21.43 | 51,736 | 15.88 | 16,711 | 5.13 | 19,788 | 6.07 | 3,465 | 1.06 | 3,098 | 0.95 | 3,612 | 1.11 | 1,842 | 0.57 | 595 | 0.18 |
Aisne | 51,680 | 17.94 | 102,770 | 35.67 | 46,969 | 16.30 | 48,950 | 16.99 | 12,230 | 4.24 | 14,651 | 5.08 | 2,264 | 0.79 | 3,156 | 1.10 | 2,171 | 0.75 | 2,763 | 0.96 | 536 | 0.19 |
Allier | 45,651 | 23.72 | 43,004 | 22.34 | 36,457 | 18.94 | 38,311 | 19.91 | 10,619 | 5.52 | 9,795 | 5.09 | 2,986 | 1.55 | 2,322 | 1.21 | 1,422 | 0.74 | 1,540 | 0.80 | 353 | 0.18 |
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence | 19,960 | 20.02 | 24,463 | 24.53 | 18,442 | 18.49 | 22,448 | 22.51 | 4,983 | 5.00 | 4,861 | 4.87 | 1,721 | 1.73 | 1,178 | 1.18 | 932 | 0.93 | 521 | 0.52 | 205 | 0.21 |
Hautes-Alpes | 18,948 | 21.80 | 18,474 | 21.25 | 16,645 | 19.15 | 18,796 | 21.62 | 5,109 | 5.88 | 4,938 | 5.68 | 1,609 | 1.85 | 1,049 | 1.21 | 783 | 0.90 | 411 | 0.47 | 165 | 0.19 |
Alpes-Maritimes | 111,953 | 19.04 | 163,141 | 27.75 | 161,036 | 27.39 | 87,941 | 14.96 | 21,067 | 3.58 | 25,175 | 4.28 | 5,262 | 0.90 | 3,622 | 0.62 | 6,067 | 1.03 | 1,729 | 0.29 | 939 | 0.16 |
Ardèche | 42,320 | 21.64 | 45,305 | 23.17 | 33,835 | 17.30 | 42,622 | 21.80 | 11,757 | 6.01 | 9,926 | 5.08 | 3,546 | 1.81 | 2,602 | 1.33 | 1,969 | 1.01 | 1,303 | 0.67 | 371 | 0.19 |
Ardennes | 26,912 | 18.33 | 47,578 | 32.41 | 25,273 | 17.22 | 26,172 | 17.83 | 7,234 | 4.93 | 7,810 | 5.32 | 1,406 | 0.96 | 1,693 | 1.15 | 1,080 | 0.74 | 1,378 | 0.94 | 267 | 0.18 |
Ariège | 19,523 | 20.92 | 20,247 | 21.70 | 11,892 | 12.75 | 24,970 | 26.76 | 7,326 | 7.85 | 3,369 | 3.61 | 3,304 | 3.54 | 1,180 | 1.26 | 799 | 0.86 | 556 | 0.60 | 140 | 0.15 |
Aube | 30,565 | 18.98 | 48,846 | 30.33 | 37,122 | 23.05 | 22,496 | 13.97 | 6,545 | 4.06 | 10,235 | 6.35 | 1,159 | 0.72 | 1,387 | 0.86 | 1,317 | 0.82 | 1,107 | 0.69 | 289 | 0.18 |
Aude | 43,015 | 20.07 | 60,585 | 28.26 | 32,281 | 15.06 | 46,126 | 21.52 | 13,614 | 6.35 | 8,265 | 3.86 | 4,642 | 2.17 | 2,507 | 1.17 | 1,783 | 0.83 | 1,195 | 0.56 | 348 | 0.16 |
Aveyron | 45,584 | 25.83 | 28,588 | 16.20 | 36,664 | 20.78 | 34,689 | 19.66 | 10,878 | 6.16 | 8,554 | 4.85 | 6,461 | 3.66 | 2,322 | 1.32 | 1,304 | 0.74 | 1,106 | 0.63 | 313 | 0.18 |
Bouches-du-Rhône | 203,312 | 19.37 | 286,397 | 27.28 | 207,466 | 19.76 | 231,194 | 22.02 | 47,564 | 4.53 | 40,447 | 3.85 | 10,040 | 0.96 | 8,006 | 0.76 | 9,418 | 0.90 | 4,114 | 0.39 | 1,740 | 0.17 |
Calvados | 99,720 | 24.83 | 81,770 | 20.36 | 82,340 | 20.50 | 75,620 | 18.83 | 27,293 | 6.80 | 20,079 | 5.00 | 2,911 | 0.72 | 5,269 | 1.31 | 2,830 | 0.70 | 3,099 | 0.77 | 691 | 0.17 |
Cantal | 24,477 | 26.73 | 16,641 | 18.17 | 21,589 | 23.58 | 14,566 | 15.91 | 4,810 | 5.25 | 4,047 | 4.42 | 2,840 | 3.10 | 1,179 | 1.29 | 527 | 0.58 | 692 | 0.76 | 198 | 0.22 |
Charente | 49,889 | 25.07 | 42,598 | 21.40 | 33,744 | 16.96 | 40,755 | 20.48 | 12,569 | 6.32 | 10,008 | 5.03 | 3,085 | 1.55 | 2,724 | 1.37 | 1,540 | 0.77 | 1,651 | 0.83 | 450 | 0.23 |
Charente-Maritime | 91,355 | 23.91 | 80,764 | 21.14 | 78,659 | 20.59 | 72,491 | 18.97 | 22,023 | 5.76 | 20,333 | 5.32 | 5,276 | 1.38 | 4,876 | 1.28 | 3,020 | 0.79 | 2,576 | 0.67 | 692 | 0.18 |
Cher | 38,076 | 22.05 | 41,753 | 24.18 | 32,967 | 19.09 | 33,694 | 19.51 | 9,157 | 5.30 | 9,554 | 5.53 | 1,925 | 1.11 | 2,106 | 1.22 | 1,479 | 0.86 | 1,630 | 0.94 | 345 | 0.20 |
Corrèze | 39,218 | 26.93 | 25,253 | 17.34 | 25,427 | 17.46 | 30,357 | 20.85 | 9,263 | 6.36 | 7,049 | 4.84 | 4,253 | 2.92 | 2,319 | 1.59 | 1,094 | 0.75 | 1,051 | 0.72 | 329 | 0.23 |
Corse-du-Sud | 13,022 | 17.87 | 20,858 | 28.62 | 18,714 | 25.68 | 10,085 | 13.84 | 2,546 | 3.49 | 2,218 | 3.04 | 3,948 | 5.42 | 657 | 0.90 | 485 | 0.67 | 218 | 0.30 | 117 | 0.16 |
Haute-Corse | 15,506 | 19.02 | 22,183 | 27.22 | 20,739 | 25.44 | 11,229 | 13.78 | 3,234 | 3.97 | 2,244 | 2.75 | 4,763 | 5.84 | 717 | 0.88 | 480 | 0.59 | 277 | 0.34 | 136 | 0.17 |
Côte-d'Or | 67,436 | 23.65 | 64,200 | 22.52 | 60,625 | 21.26 | 50,859 | 17.84 | 16,810 | 5.90 | 14,980 | 5.25 | 2,635 | 0.92 | 2,818 | 0.99 | 2,457 | 0.86 | 1,795 | 0.63 | 509 | 0.18 |
Côtes-d'Armor | 104,969 | 27.99 | 61,703 | 16.46 | 68,916 | 18.38 | 76,013 | 20.27 | 32,260 | 8.60 | 15,958 | 4.26 | 3,554 | 0.95 | 5,468 | 1.46 | 2,479 | 0.66 | 3,028 | 0.81 | 621 | 0.17 |
Creuse | 15,807 | 22.50 | 13,966 | 19.88 | 12,637 | 17.99 | 14,827 | 21.11 | 5,494 | 7.82 | 3,521 | 5.01 | 1,352 | 1.92 | 1,209 | 1.72 | 580 | 0.83 | 684 | 0.97 | 174 | 0.25 |
Dordogne | 55,945 | 22.49 | 52,044 | 20.93 | 42,510 | 17.09 | 57,132 | 22.97 | 15,783 | 6.35 | 11,424 | 4.59 | 6,050 | 2.43 | 3,578 | 1.44 | 2,128 | 0.86 | 1,626 | 0.65 | 490 | 0.20 |
Doubs | 63,954 | 22.50 | 66,635 | 23.45 | 59,929 | 21.09 | 50,803 | 17.88 | 16,318 | 5.74 | 14,733 | 5.18 | 2,532 | 0.89 | 3,565 | 1.25 | 3,129 | 1.10 | 2,051 | 0.72 | 530 | 0.19 |
Drôme | 63,164 | 21.88 | 68,996 | 23.90 | 53,403 | 18.50 | 58,037 | 20.10 | 17,385 | 6.02 | 14,997 | 5.19 | 3,868 | 1.34 | 3,174 | 1.10 | 2,988 | 1.03 | 2,196 | 0.76 | 533 | 0.18 |
Eure | 66,986 | 19.89 | 98,719 | 29.31 | 63,436 | 18.84 | 58,844 | 17.47 | 16,999 | 5.05 | 19,096 | 5.67 | 2,602 | 0.77 | 3,933 | 1.17 | 2,927 | 0.87 | 2,633 | 0.78 | 602 | 0.18 |
Eure-et-Loir | 51,038 | 21.74 | 58,886 | 25.08 | 51,275 | 21.84 | 38,035 | 16.20 | 12,317 | 5.25 | 14,103 | 6.01 | 1,942 | 0.83 | 2,659 | 1.13 | 2,253 | 0.96 | 1,817 | 0.77 | 454 | 0.19 |
Finistère | 164,095 | 29.45 | 77,366 | 13.89 | 99,965 | 17.94 | 109,607 | 19.67 | 60,781 | 10.91 | 22,737 | 4.08 | 6,192 | 1.11 | 8,250 | 1.48 | 3,697 | 0.66 | 3,638 | 0.65 | 857 | 0.15 |
Gard | 79,006 | 18.78 | 123,273 | 29.30 | 72,366 | 17.20 | 90,905 | 21.61 | 20,473 | 4.87 | 17,808 | 4.23 | 5,946 | 1.41 | 4,044 | 0.96 | 4,096 | 0.97 | 2,092 | 0.50 | 673 | 0.16 |
Haute-Garonne | 190,128 | 26.43 | 120,225 | 16.71 | 118,608 | 16.49 | 170,446 | 23.69 | 60,180 | 8.37 | 27,833 | 3.87 | 14,445 | 2.01 | 7,116 | 0.99 | 5,955 | 0.83 | 3,166 | 0.44 | 1,291 | 0.18 |
Gers | 27,775 | 23.40 | 23,387 | 19.71 | 21,312 | 17.96 | 23,089 | 19.45 | 9,527 | 8.03 | 5,378 | 4.53 | 5,059 | 4.26 | 1,254 | 1.06 | 1,037 | 0.87 | 677 | 0.57 | 188 | 0.16 |
Gironde | 222,287 | 26.13 | 155,319 | 18.26 | 145,283 | 17.08 | 185,888 | 21.85 | 64,300 | 7.56 | 35,530 | 4.18 | 16,460 | 1.93 | 13,233 | 1.56 | 7,013 | 0.82 | 3,980 | 0.47 | 1,527 | 0.18 |
Hérault | 128,621 | 20.52 | 161,119 | 25.70 | 110,339 | 17.60 | 143,996 | 22.97 | 36,180 | 5.77 | 23,159 | 3.69 | 8,461 | 1.35 | 5,660 | 0.90 | 5,919 | 0.94 | 2,496 | 0.40 | 894 | 0.14 |
Ille-et-Vilaine | 181,373 | 30.26 | 84,648 | 14.12 | 114,034 | 19.03 | 118,096 | 19.70 | 53,418 | 8.91 | 26,822 | 4.48 | 4,531 | 0.76 | 7,065 | 1.18 | 3,994 | 0.67 | 4,339 | 0.72 | 1,021 | 0.17 |
Indre | 27,301 | 20.85 | 31,985 | 24.43 | 25,476 | 19.46 | 24,938 | 19.05 | 7,786 | 5.95 | 7,177 | 5.48 | 1,728 | 1.32 | 1,757 | 1.34 | 1,098 | 0.84 | 1,390 | 1.06 | 298 | 0.23 |
Indre-et-Loire | 83,165 | 24.47 | 64,522 | 18.98 | 72,196 | 21.24 | 65,931 | 19.40 | 22,898 | 6.74 | 18,452 | 5.43 | 2,929 | 0.86 | 3,907 | 1.15 | 2,620 | 0.77 | 2,606 | 0.77 | 679 | 0.20 |
Isère | 164,091 | 24.77 | 147,910 | 22.33 | 112,927 | 17.05 | 135,949 | 20.52 | 43,652 | 6.59 | 33,773 | 5.10 | 6,537 | 0.99 | 6,382 | 0.96 | 6,558 | 0.99 | 3,595 | 0.54 | 1,140 | 0.17 |
Jura | 31,896 | 21.33 | 36,110 | 24.14 | 28,373 | 18.97 | 30,331 | 20.28 | 7,589 | 5.07 | 8,533 | 5.71 | 1,994 | 1.33 | 1,980 | 1.32 | 1,330 | 0.89 | 1,148 | 0.77 | 285 | 0.19 |
Landes | 61,043 | 24.63 | 44,956 | 18.14 | 42,464 | 17.13 | 49,949 | 20.15 | 21,550 | 8.69 | 11,021 | 4.45 | 10,485 | 4.23 | 2,875 | 1.16 | 1,916 | 0.77 | 1,235 | 0.50 | 372 | 0.15 |
Loir-et-Cher | 40,639 | 20.98 | 48,662 | 25.12 | 42,756 | 22.07 | 31,576 | 16.30 | 10,956 | 5.66 | 11,646 | 6.01 | 1,843 | 0.95 | 2,198 | 1.13 | 1,516 | 0.78 | 1,542 | 0.80 | 404 | 0.21 |
Loire | 90,677 | 23.17 | 94,222 | 24.08 | 71,848 | 18.36 | 73,388 | 18.75 | 22,698 | 5.80 | 22,689 | 5.80 | 5,041 | 1.29 | 4,107 | 1.05 | 3,483 | 0.89 | 2,547 | 0.65 | 667 | 0.17 |
Haute-Loire | 32,821 | 23.51 | 32,185 | 23.06 | 25,956 | 18.60 | 25,419 | 18.21 | 7,435 | 5.33 | 8,346 | 5.98 | 3,112 | 2.23 | 1,928 | 1.38 | 1,050 | 0.75 | 1,043 | 0.75 | 282 | 0.20 |
Loire-Atlantique | 232,602 | 28.66 | 111,194 | 13.70 | 159,703 | 19.68 | 178,357 | 21.98 | 65,140 | 8.03 | 36,546 | 4.50 | 6,029 | 0.74 | 9,618 | 1.19 | 6,129 | 0.76 | 4,785 | 0.59 | 1,354 | 0.17 |
Loiret | 83,506 | 23.48 | 83,662 | 23.53 | 75,655 | 21.28 | 58,134 | 16.35 | 20,438 | 5.75 | 21,128 | 5.94 | 3,203 | 0.90 | 3,655 | 1.03 | 3,109 | 0.87 | 2,380 | 0.67 | 702 | 0.20 |
Lot | 29,527 | 26.65 | 17,865 | 16.13 | 18,459 | 16.66 | 26,014 | 23.48 | 7,951 | 7.18 | 4,550 | 4.11 | 3,073 | 2.77 | 1,528 | 1.38 | 871 | 0.79 | 723 | 0.65 | 226 | 0.20 |
Lot-et-Garonne | 39,253 | 20.79 | 47,271 | 25.03 | 34,828 | 18.44 | 36,018 | 19.08 | 10,639 | 5.63 | 9,407 | 4.98 | 6,083 | 3.22 | 2,292 | 1.21 | 1,660 | 0.88 | 1,044 | 0.55 | 327 | 0.17 |
Lozère | 10,463 | 21.73 | 9,097 | 18.89 | 10,986 | 22.82 | 9,483 | 19.70 | 2,733 | 5.68 | 2,197 | 4.56 | 1,764 | 3.66 | 683 | 1.42 | 354 | 0.74 | 294 | 0.61 | 93 | 0.19 |
Maine-et-Loire | 121,685 | 26.51 | 77,935 | 16.98 | 108,888 | 23.73 | 78,293 | 17.06 | 29,553 | 6.44 | 25,321 | 5.52 | 3,483 | 0.76 | 5,696 | 1.24 | 3,439 | 0.75 | 3,860 | 0.84 | 805 | 0.18 |
Manche | 74,683 | 24.86 | 61,620 | 20.51 | 64,909 | 21.60 | 51,026 | 16.98 | 19,238 | 6.40 | 17,052 | 5.68 | 2,520 | 0.84 | 4,134 | 1.38 | 2,048 | 0.68 | 2,593 | 0.86 | 623 | 0.21 |
Marne | 60,958 | 20.75 | 82,473 | 28.07 | 65,081 | 22.15 | 44,424 | 15.12 | 13,683 | 4.66 | 16,896 | 5.75 | 2,350 | 0.80 | 2,762 | 0.94 | 2,441 | 0.83 | 2,176 | 0.74 | 525 | 0.18 |
Haute-Marne | 18,438 | 18.00 | 34,027 | 33.22 | 19,590 | 19.12 | 15,380 | 15.01 | 4,292 | 4.19 | 6,417 | 6.26 | 1,126 | 1.10 | 1,233 | 1.20 | 813 | 0.79 | 926 | 0.90 | 198 | 0.19 |
Mayenne | 46,938 | 26.04 | 30,465 | 16.90 | 48,772 | 27.06 | 26,798 | 14.87 | 10,247 | 5.69 | 10,107 | 5.61 | 1,525 | 0.85 | 2,242 | 1.24 | 1,182 | 0.66 | 1,627 | 0.90 | 329 | 0.18 |
Meurthe-et-Moselle | 83,703 | 22.04 | 98,194 | 25.86 | 62,654 | 16.50 | 77,400 | 20.38 | 23,632 | 6.22 | 19,331 | 5.09 | 3,236 | 0.85 | 4,483 | 1.18 | 3,458 | 0.91 | 2,942 | 0.77 | 733 | 0.19 |
Meuse | 20,713 | 19.35 | 34,602 | 32.32 | 19,287 | 18.02 | 16,020 | 14.97 | 4,918 | 4.59 | 6,802 | 6.35 | 1,294 | 1.21 | 1,430 | 1.34 | 856 | 0.80 | 886 | 0.83 | 237 | 0.22 |
Morbihan | 130,639 | 27.86 | 82,927 | 17.69 | 97,900 | 20.88 | 82,020 | 17.49 | 34,368 | 7.33 | 22,411 | 4.78 | 4,820 | 1.03 | 6,309 | 1.35 | 3,249 | 0.69 | 3,291 | 0.70 | 901 | 0.19 |
Moselle | 117,738 | 21.05 | 158,542 | 28.35 | 96,003 | 17.17 | 100,118 | 17.90 | 29,480 | 5.27 | 32,525 | 5.82 | 5,763 | 1.03 | 6,975 | 1.25 | 5,977 | 1.07 | 4,929 | 0.88 | 1,167 | 0.21 |
Nièvre | 27,356 | 22.71 | 29,817 | 24.76 | 20,773 | 17.25 | 23,079 | 19.16 | 7,854 | 6.52 | 6,446 | 5.35 | 1,365 | 1.13 | 1,547 | 1.28 | 959 | 0.80 | 1,004 | 0.83 | 234 | 0.19 |
Nord | 268,723 | 19.85 | 382,030 | 28.22 | 226,710 | 16.75 | 288,115 | 21.28 | 76,531 | 5.65 | 65,245 | 4.82 | 8,535 | 0.63 | 13,151 | 0.97 | 11,450 | 0.85 | 10,975 | 0.81 | 2,338 | 0.17 |
Oise | 86,680 | 19.80 | 135,188 | 30.88 | 76,783 | 17.54 | 77,415 | 17.68 | 20,525 | 4.69 | 23,936 | 5.47 | 3,414 | 0.78 | 4,682 | 1.07 | 4,666 | 1.07 | 3,677 | 0.84 | 827 | 0.19 |
Orne | 35,815 | 21.57 | 39,532 | 23.81 | 41,084 | 24.74 | 24,542 | 14.78 | 8,659 | 5.21 | 9,644 | 5.81 | 1,480 | 0.89 | 2,147 | 1.29 | 1,291 | 0.78 | 1,513 | 0.91 | 350 | 0.21 |
Pas-de-Calais | 153,682 | 18.45 | 286,147 | 34.35 | 119,077 | 14.29 | 159,342 | 19.13 | 43,084 | 5.17 | 41,427 | 4.97 | 5,832 | 0.70 | 9,002 | 1.08 | 5,484 | 0.66 | 8,667 | 1.04 | 1,408 | 0.17 |
Puy-de-Dôme | 96,797 | 27.15 | 63,030 | 17.68 | 58,432 | 16.39 | 78,417 | 21.99 | 25,814 | 7.24 | 15,635 | 4.38 | 7,348 | 2.06 | 4,730 | 1.33 | 2,910 | 0.82 | 2,699 | 0.76 | 755 | 0.21 |
Pyrénées-Atlantiques | 103,958 | 26.28 | 54,376 | 13.74 | 71,858 | 18.16 | 78,803 | 19.92 | 30,589 | 7.73 | 14,727 | 3.72 | 29,882 | 7.55 | 6,371 | 1.61 | 2,782 | 0.70 | 1,799 | 0.45 | 508 | 0.13 |
Hautes-Pyrénées | 35,070 | 25.11 | 25,947 | 18.57 | 20,220 | 14.48 | 32,148 | 23.01 | 9,935 | 7.11 | 5,876 | 4.21 | 6,928 | 4.96 | 1,575 | 1.13 | 1,023 | 0.73 | 767 | 0.55 | 200 | 0.14 |
Pyrénées-Orientales | 49,245 | 18.46 | 80,169 | 30.05 | 45,865 | 17.19 | 56,392 | 21.14 | 13,455 | 5.04 | 9,741 | 3.65 | 4,634 | 1.74 | 3,053 | 1.14 | 2,303 | 0.86 | 1,477 | 0.55 | 453 | 0.17 |
Bas-Rhin | 133,347 | 22.29 | 147,714 | 24.70 | 131,564 | 22.00 | 88,420 | 14.78 | 31,931 | 5.34 | 39,299 | 6.57 | 6,420 | 1.07 | 6,549 | 1.09 | 6,841 | 1.14 | 4,823 | 0.81 | 1,197 | 0.20 |
Haut-Rhin | 79,798 | 19.76 | 109,704 | 27.16 | 90,237 | 22.34 | 57,856 | 14.32 | 18,694 | 4.63 | 28,562 | 7.07 | 5,004 | 1.24 | 4,727 | 1.17 | 5,217 | 1.29 | 3,101 | 0.77 | 1,010 | 0.25 |
Rhône | 236,137 | 26.58 | 144,476 | 16.26 | 205,781 | 23.16 | 175,051 | 19.70 | 60,094 | 6.76 | 38,429 | 4.33 | 6,703 | 0.75 | 7,146 | 0.80 | 9,188 | 1.03 | 4,061 | 0.46 | 1,446 | 0.16 |
Haute-Saône | 27,332 | 19.59 | 43,753 | 31.36 | 25,184 | 18.05 | 22,150 | 15.88 | 6,596 | 4.73 | 8,176 | 5.86 | 1,512 | 1.08 | 2,021 | 1.45 | 1,206 | 0.86 | 1,325 | 0.95 | 267 | 0.19 |
Saône-et-Loire | 69,212 | 22.33 | 75,258 | 24.28 | 60,100 | 19.39 | 55,249 | 17.83 | 19,184 | 6.19 | 18,961 | 6.12 | 3,153 | 1.02 | 3,588 | 1.16 | 2,535 | 0.82 | 2,201 | 0.71 | 510 | 0.16 |
Sarthe | 64,618 | 20.04 | 67,083 | 20.80 | 92,261 | 28.61 | 56,851 | 17.63 | 17,195 | 5.33 | 13,657 | 4.24 | 2,141 | 0.66 | 3,565 | 1.11 | 2,074 | 0.64 | 2,452 | 0.76 | 547 | 0.17 |
Savoie | 55,871 | 23.13 | 52,448 | 21.71 | 50,815 | 21.04 | 45,013 | 18.63 | 13,752 | 5.69 | 13,673 | 5.66 | 3,152 | 1.30 | 2,578 | 1.07 | 2,608 | 1.08 | 1,219 | 0.50 | 430 | 0.18 |
Haute-Savoie | 100,174 | 24.23 | 77,919 | 18.84 | 105,057 | 25.41 | 67,079 | 16.22 | 21,805 | 5.27 | 24,785 | 5.99 | 4,649 | 1.12 | 4,263 | 1.03 | 5,021 | 1.21 | 1,919 | 0.46 | 827 | 0.20 |
Paris | 375,006 | 34.83 | 53,719 | 4.99 | 284,744 | 26.45 | 210,548 | 19.56 | 109,550 | 10.18 | 17,997 | 1.67 | 5,490 | 0.51 | 6,799 | 0.63 | 8,337 | 0.77 | 2,897 | 0.27 | 1,472 | 0.14 |
Seine-Maritime | 145,756 | 21.23 | 170,945 | 24.90 | 118,336 | 17.24 | 152,394 | 22.20 | 41,516 | 6.05 | 33,036 | 4.81 | 4,383 | 0.64 | 8,321 | 1.21 | 5,205 | 0.76 | 5,356 | 0.78 | 1,278 | 0.19 |
Seine-et-Marne | 157,314 | 23.11 | 155,521 | 22.85 | 120,968 | 17.77 | 141,827 | 20.84 | 38,772 | 5.70 | 41,505 | 6.10 | 5,182 | 0.76 | 6,354 | 0.93 | 8,195 | 1.20 | 3,706 | 0.54 | 1,247 | 0.18 |
Yvelines | 219,063 | 28.86 | 98,024 | 12.92 | 206,835 | 27.25 | 126,345 | 16.65 | 52,564 | 6.93 | 32,906 | 4.34 | 5,371 | 0.71 | 5,448 | 0.72 | 8,148 | 1.07 | 2,872 | 0.38 | 1,358 | 0.18 |
Deux-Sèvres | 57,826 | 26.97 | 38,640 | 18.02 | 40,195 | 18.75 | 41,609 | 19.41 | 14,950 | 6.97 | 11,356 | 5.30 | 2,599 | 1.21 | 3,483 | 1.62 | 1,478 | 0.69 | 1,869 | 0.87 | 393 | 0.18 |
Somme | 69,520 | 21.75 | 97,081 | 30.37 | 51,834 | 16.22 | 59,491 | 18.61 | 14,260 | 4.46 | 15,462 | 4.84 | 2,365 | 0.74 | 3,661 | 1.15 | 2,272 | 0.71 | 3,111 | 0.97 | 579 | 0.18 |
Tarn | 51,755 | 22.14 | 52,402 | 22.42 | 41,052 | 17.56 | 48,094 | 20.57 | 15,530 | 6.64 | 11,440 | 4.89 | 7,105 | 3.04 | 2,721 | 1.16 | 1,822 | 0.78 | 1,397 | 0.60 | 439 | 0.19 |
Tarn-et-Garonne | 30,319 | 20.65 | 39,183 | 26.69 | 25,992 | 17.71 | 27,841 | 18.97 | 8,567 | 5.84 | 7,233 | 4.93 | 3,660 | 2.49 | 1,573 | 1.07 | 1,337 | 0.91 | 830 | 0.57 | 266 | 0.18 |
Var | 108,597 | 17.73 | 186,376 | 30.43 | 152,316 | 24.87 | 94,184 | 15.38 | 21,089 | 3.44 | 29,177 | 4.76 | 6,933 | 1.13 | 4,655 | 0.76 | 5,860 | 0.96 | 2,274 | 0.37 | 977 | 0.16 |
Vaucluse | 58,208 | 18.52 | 95,930 | 30.53 | 59,619 | 18.97 | 60,852 | 19.37 | 13,553 | 4.31 | 14,452 | 4.60 | 3,989 | 1.27 | 2,804 | 0.89 | 2,890 | 0.92 | 1,388 | 0.44 | 543 | 0.17 |
Vendée | 109,989 | 26.26 | 77,590 | 18.53 | 106,804 | 25.50 | 63,156 | 15.08 | 21,356 | 5.10 | 24,211 | 5.78 | 3,810 | 0.91 | 5,219 | 1.25 | 2,705 | 0.65 | 3,294 | 0.79 | 696 | 0.17 |
Vienne | 59,146 | 24.88 | 47,024 | 19.78 | 42,703 | 17.96 | 49,061 | 20.64 | 16,861 | 7.09 | 11,920 | 5.01 | 2,861 | 1.20 | 3,642 | 1.53 | 1,896 | 0.80 | 2,074 | 0.87 | 560 | 0.24 |
Haute-Vienne | 55,577 | 26.67 | 37,937 | 18.20 | 32,522 | 15.60 | 46,549 | 22.33 | 16,136 | 7.74 | 9,285 | 4.46 | 3,518 | 1.69 | 3,044 | 1.46 | 1,557 | 0.75 | 1,850 | 0.89 | 440 | 0.21 |
Vosges | 43,604 | 19.86 | 63,924 | 29.12 | 39,579 | 18.03 | 36,524 | 16.64 | 10,887 | 4.96 | 14,323 | 6.53 | 2,750 | 1.25 | 3,229 | 1.47 | 2,223 | 1.01 | 2,004 | 0.91 | 455 | 0.21 |
Yonne | 36,234 | 19.63 | 52,640 | 28.52 | 36,739 | 19.91 | 30,815 | 16.70 | 8,846 | 4.79 | 11,668 | 6.32 | 1,987 | 1.08 | 2,128 | 1.15 | 1,775 | 0.96 | 1,380 | 0.75 | 341 | 0.18 |
Territoire de Belfort | 14,771 | 20.64 | 19,249 | 26.89 | 12,668 | 17.70 | 13,672 | 19.10 | 4,189 | 5.85 | 3,770 | 5.27 | 669 | 0.93 | 886 | 1.24 | 941 | 1.31 | 592 | 0.83 | 167 | 0.23 |
Essonne | 163,389 | 26.21 | 102,461 | 16.43 | 112,478 | 18.04 | 136,392 | 21.88 | 42,072 | 6.75 | 44,793 | 7.18 | 4,468 | 0.72 | 5,755 | 0.92 | 7,514 | 1.21 | 2,924 | 0.47 | 1,241 | 0.20 |
Hauts-de-Seine | 256,687 | 32.30 | 60,731 | 7.64 | 231,553 | 29.14 | 145,289 | 18.28 | 57,114 | 7.19 | 21,359 | 2.69 | 4,747 | 0.60 | 5,033 | 0.63 | 8,453 | 1.06 | 2,447 | 0.31 | 1,345 | 0.17 |
Seine-Saint-Denis | 130,103 | 24.04 | 73,534 | 13.59 | 69,063 | 12.76 | 184,123 | 34.02 | 45,506 | 8.41 | 16,601 | 3.07 | 3,160 | 0.58 | 6,050 | 1.12 | 8,739 | 1.61 | 3,235 | 0.60 | 1,088 | 0.20 |
Val-de-Marne | 172,202 | 28.33 | 69,878 | 11.50 | 122,814 | 20.21 | 149,112 | 24.53 | 47,228 | 7.77 | 26,252 | 4.32 | 3,957 | 0.65 | 5,226 | 0.86 | 7,303 | 1.20 | 2,749 | 0.45 | 1,066 | 0.18 |
Val-d'Oise | 138,752 | 25.31 | 94,158 | 17.18 | 101,131 | 18.45 | 131,342 | 23.96 | 37,518 | 6.84 | 24,790 | 4.52 | 3,975 | 0.73 | 5,040 | 0.92 | 7,702 | 1.41 | 2,752 | 0.50 | 978 | 0.18 |
Guadeloupe | 33,930 | 30.23 | 15,159 | 13.51 | 16,305 | 14.53 | 27,081 | 24.13 | 11,165 | 9.95 | 2,042 | 1.82 | 650 | 0.58 | 2,300 | 2.05 | 1,312 | 1.17 | 1,972 | 1.76 | 326 | 0.29 |
Martinique | 27,893 | 25.53 | 11,949 | 10.94 | 18,400 | 16.84 | 29,903 | 27.37 | 10,661 | 9.76 | 2,338 | 2.14 | 870 | 0.80 | 3,217 | 2.94 | 1,407 | 1.29 | 2,253 | 2.06 | 373 | 0.34 |
French Guiana | 5,031 | 18.75 | 6,521 | 24.30 | 3,935 | 14.66 | 6,633 | 24.71 | 1,529 | 5.70 | 472 | 1.76 | 273 | 1.02 | 1,405 | 5.23 | 480 | 1.79 | 462 | 1.72 | 98 | 0.37 |
Réunion | 66,292 | 18.91 | 82,219 | 23.46 | 60,508 | 17.26 | 85,987 | 24.53 | 26,872 | 7.67 | 10,123 | 2.89 | 1,939 | 0.55 | 4,377 | 1.25 | 6,029 | 1.72 | 5,190 | 1.48 | 944 | 0.27 |
Mayotte | 6,364 | 19.21 | 9,008 | 27.19 | 10,808 | 32.62 | 2,789 | 8.42 | 1,434 | 4.33 | 1,019 | 3.08 | 182 | 0.55 | 621 | 1.87 | 408 | 1.23 | 334 | 1.01 | 163 | 0.49 |
New Caledonia | 11,089 | 12.75 | 25,290 | 29.09 | 27,065 | 31.13 | 7,703 | 8.86 | 8,125 | 9.34 | 2,521 | 2.90 | 695 | 0.80 | 1,284 | 1.48 | 2,098 | 2.41 | 836 | 0.96 | 240 | 0.28 |
French Polynesia | 11,119 | 14.70 | 24,604 | 32.54 | 26,679 | 35.28 | 5,952 | 7.87 | 2,203 | 2.91 | 1,767 | 2.34 | 447 | 0.59 | 755 | 1.00 | 1,206 | 1.59 | 689 | 0.91 | 201 | 0.27 |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 473 | 17.97 | 478 | 18.16 | 261 | 9.92 | 933 | 35.45 | 217 | 8.24 | 79 | 3.00 | 54 | 2.05 | 64 | 2.43 | 36 | 1.37 | 28 | 1.06 | 9 | 0.34 |
Wallis and Futuna | 1,630 | 30.48 | 380 | 7.11 | 1,526 | 28.53 | 192 | 3.59 | 1,349 | 25.22 | 79 | 1.48 | 29 | 0.54 | 41 | 0.77 | 50 | 0.93 | 54 | 1.01 | 18 | 0.34 |
Saint Martin/Saint Barthélemy | 1,572 | 19.99 | 1,834 | 23.32 | 2,518 | 32.02 | 1,153 | 14.66 | 247 | 3.14 | 216 | 2.75 | 68 | 0.86 | 92 | 1.17 | 112 | 1.42 | 35 | 0.45 | 18 | 0.23 |
French residents overseas | 223,879 | 40.40 | 35,926 | 6.48 | 145,829 | 26.32 | 87,692 | 15.83 | 38,092 | 6.87 | 8,837 | 1.59 | 2,530 | 0.46 | 3,414 | 0.62 | 5,578 | 1.01 | 1,312 | 0.24 | 1,030 | 0.19 |
Total | 8,656,346 | 24.01 | 7,678,491 | 21.30 | 7,212,995 | 20.01 | 7,059,951 | 19.58 | 2,291,288 | 6.36 | 1,695,000 | 4.70 | 435,301 | 1.21 | 394,505 | 1.09 | 332,547 | 0.92 | 232,384 | 0.64 | 65,586 | 0.18 |
Source: Ministry of the Interior |
By region
Region | Emmanuel Macron |
Marine Le Pen |
François Fillon |
Jean-Luc Mélenchon |
Benoît Hamon |
Nicolas Dupont-Aignan |
Jean Lassalle |
Philippe Poutou |
François Asselineau |
Nathalie Arthaud |
Jacques Cheminade | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes | 1,025,872 | 24.50 | 867,591 | 20.72 | 845,905 | 20.20 | 805,588 | 19.24 | 256,532 | 6.13 | 215,883 | 5.16 | 53,247 | 1.27 | 43,509 | 1.04 | 41,336 | 0.99 | 24,656 | 0.59 | 7,597 | 0.18 |
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté | 338,191 | 21.89 | 387,662 | 25.09 | 304,391 | 19.70 | 276,958 | 17.93 | 87,386 | 5.66 | 87,267 | 5.65 | 15,847 | 1.03 | 18,533 | 1.20 | 14,332 | 0.93 | 11,496 | 0.74 | 2,843 | 0.18 |
Brittany | 581,076 | 29.05 | 306,644 | 15.33 | 380,815 | 19.04 | 385,736 | 19.28 | 180,827 | 9.04 | 87,928 | 4.40 | 19,097 | 0.95 | 27,092 | 1.35 | 13,419 | 0.67 | 14,296 | 0.71 | 3,400 | 0.17 |
Centre-Val de Loire | 323,725 | 22.68 | 329,470 | 23.08 | 300,325 | 21.04 | 252,308 | 17.67 | 83,552 | 5.85 | 82,060 | 5.75 | 13,570 | 0.95 | 16,282 | 1.14 | 12,075 | 0.85 | 11,365 | 0.80 | 2,882 | 0.20 |
Corsica | 28,528 | 18.48 | 43,041 | 27.88 | 39,453 | 25.56 | 21,314 | 13.81 | 5,780 | 3.74 | 4,462 | 2.89 | 8,711 | 5.64 | 1,374 | 0.89 | 965 | 0.63 | 495 | 0.32 | 253 | 0.16 |
Grand Est | 615,776 | 20.72 | 825,604 | 27.78 | 586,390 | 19.73 | 484,810 | 16.31 | 151,296 | 5.09 | 182,200 | 6.13 | 30,508 | 1.03 | 34,468 | 1.16 | 30,223 | 1.02 | 24,272 | 0.82 | 6,078 | 0.20 |
Hauts-de-France | 630,285 | 19.50 | 1,003,216 | 31.04 | 521,373 | 16.13 | 633,313 | 19.59 | 166,630 | 5.15 | 160,721 | 4.97 | 22,410 | 0.69 | 33,652 | 1.04 | 26,043 | 0.81 | 29,193 | 0.90 | 5,688 | 0.18 |
Île-de-France | 1,612,516 | 28.63 | 708,026 | 12.57 | 1,249,586 | 22.19 | 1,224,978 | 21.75 | 430,324 | 7.64 | 226,203 | 4.02 | 36,350 | 0.65 | 45,705 | 0.81 | 64,391 | 1.14 | 23,582 | 0.42 | 9,795 | 0.17 |
Normandy | 422,960 | 22.36 | 452,586 | 23.93 | 370,105 | 19.57 | 362,426 | 19.16 | 113,705 | 6.01 | 98,907 | 5.23 | 13,896 | 0.73 | 23,804 | 1.26 | 14,301 | 0.76 | 15,194 | 0.80 | 3,544 | 0.19 |
Nouvelle-Aquitaine | 851,304 | 25.12 | 640,148 | 18.89 | 602,830 | 17.79 | 703,439 | 20.75 | 240,157 | 7.09 | 155,581 | 4.59 | 91,904 | 2.71 | 49,646 | 1.46 | 26,664 | 0.79 | 21,439 | 0.63 | 6,262 | 0.18 |
Occitanie | 740,031 | 22.32 | 762,087 | 22.98 | 566,036 | 17.07 | 734,193 | 22.14 | 216,349 | 6.52 | 135,403 | 4.08 | 75,482 | 2.28 | 35,216 | 1.06 | 28,603 | 0.86 | 16,776 | 0.51 | 5,524 | 0.17 |
Pays de la Loire | 575,832 | 26.27 | 364,267 | 16.62 | 516,428 | 23.56 | 403,455 | 18.41 | 143,491 | 6.55 | 109,842 | 5.01 | 16,988 | 0.78 | 26,340 | 1.20 | 15,529 | 0.71 | 16,018 | 0.73 | 3,731 | 0.17 |
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur | 520,978 | 18.94 | 774,781 | 28.16 | 615,524 | 22.38 | 515,415 | 18.74 | 113,365 | 4.12 | 119,050 | 4.33 | 29,554 | 1.07 | 21,314 | 0.77 | 25,950 | 0.94 | 10,437 | 0.38 | 4,569 | 0.17 |
Guadeloupe | 33,930 | 30.23 | 15,159 | 13.51 | 16,305 | 14.53 | 27,081 | 24.13 | 11,165 | 9.95 | 2,042 | 1.82 | 650 | 0.58 | 2,300 | 2.05 | 1,312 | 1.17 | 1,972 | 1.76 | 326 | 0.29 |
Martinique | 27,893 | 25.53 | 11,949 | 10.94 | 18,400 | 16.84 | 29,903 | 27.37 | 10,661 | 9.76 | 2,338 | 2.14 | 870 | 0.80 | 3,217 | 2.94 | 1,407 | 1.29 | 2,253 | 2.06 | 373 | 0.34 |
French Guiana | 5,031 | 18.75 | 6,521 | 24.30 | 3,935 | 14.66 | 6,633 | 24.71 | 1,529 | 5.70 | 472 | 1.76 | 273 | 1.02 | 1,405 | 5.23 | 480 | 1.79 | 462 | 1.72 | 98 | 0.37 |
Réunion | 66,292 | 18.91 | 82,219 | 23.46 | 60,508 | 17.26 | 85,987 | 24.53 | 26,872 | 7.67 | 10,123 | 2.89 | 1,939 | 0.55 | 4,377 | 1.25 | 6,029 | 1.72 | 5,190 | 1.48 | 944 | 0.27 |
Mayotte | 6,364 | 19.21 | 9,008 | 27.19 | 10,808 | 32.62 | 2,789 | 8.42 | 1,434 | 4.33 | 1,019 | 3.08 | 182 | 0.55 | 621 | 1.87 | 408 | 1.23 | 334 | 1.01 | 163 | 0.49 |
Source: Ministry of the Interior |
Maps
-
Second-place candidate by department
-
First-place candidate by constituency
-
First-place candidate by commune (2012 borders)
-
First-place candidate by country (overseas French)
-
First-place candidate in the arrondissements of Paris
-
Support for Macron by department and major city
-
Support for Le Pen by department and major city
-
Support for Fillon by department and major city
-
Support for Mélenchon by department and major city
Second round
Tables
Department | Emmanuel Macron |
Marine Le Pen | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Ain | 173,809 | 60.94 | 111,421 | 39.06 |
Aisne | 119,202 | 47.09 | 133,939 | 52.91 |
Allier | 106,579 | 63.90 | 60,207 | 36.10 |
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence | 48,994 | 58.46 | 34,817 | 41.54 |
Hautes-Alpes | 47,211 | 64.12 | 26,417 | 35.88 |
Alpes-Maritimes | 278,407 | 55.35 | 224,544 | 44.65 |
Ardèche | 104,599 | 62.37 | 63,109 | 37.63 |
Ardennes | 64,424 | 50.73 | 62,571 | 49.27 |
Ariège | 47,983 | 63.09 | 28,074 | 36.91 |
Aube | 75,810 | 54.15 | 64,180 | 45.85 |
Aude | 100,901 | 55.33 | 81,452 | 44.67 |
Aveyron | 109,340 | 72.81 | 40,838 | 27.19 |
Bouches-du-Rhône | 519,335 | 57.85 | 378,456 | 42.15 |
Calvados | 232,615 | 67.11 | 114,002 | 32.89 |
Cantal | 55,411 | 69.83 | 23,938 | 30.17 |
Charente | 113,700 | 65.49 | 59,916 | 34.51 |
Charente-Maritime | 215,465 | 64.84 | 116,854 | 35.16 |
Cher | 90,376 | 61.17 | 57,358 | 38.83 |
Corrèze | 88,029 | 71.00 | 35,955 | 29.00 |
Corse-du-Sud | 31,139 | 50.59 | 30,415 | 49.41 |
Haute-Corse | 35,680 | 52.28 | 32,567 | 47.72 |
Côte-d'Or | 159,645 | 64.17 | 89,121 | 35.83 |
Côtes-d'Armor | 236,953 | 73.47 | 85,554 | 26.53 |
Creuse | 39,239 | 65.76 | 20,428 | 34.24 |
Dordogne | 135,533 | 64.27 | 75,335 | 35.73 |
Doubs | 158,304 | 63.77 | 89,935 | 36.23 |
Drôme | 157,992 | 62.62 | 94,312 | 37.38 |
Eure | 158,858 | 54.35 | 133,417 | 45.65 |
Eure-et-Loir | 122,420 | 60.27 | 80,696 | 39.73 |
Finistère | 371,332 | 77.33 | 108,890 | 22.67 |
Gard | 194,989 | 54.75 | 161,125 | 45.25 |
Haute-Garonne | 436,665 | 72.38 | 166,595 | 27.62 |
Gers | 67,571 | 66.91 | 33,424 | 33.09 |
Gironde | 515,491 | 70.06 | 220,261 | 29.94 |
Hérault | 312,419 | 59.22 | 215,147 | 40.78 |
Ille-et-Vilaine | 403,347 | 77.67 | 115,942 | 22.33 |
Indre | 68,173 | 60.98 | 43,627 | 39.02 |
Indre-et-Loire | 201,211 | 69.23 | 89,438 | 30.77 |
Isère | 383,197 | 65.81 | 199,097 | 34.19 |
Jura | 79,268 | 61.37 | 49,888 | 38.63 |
Landes | 146,619 | 68.74 | 66,661 | 31.26 |
Loir-et-Cher | 100,789 | 60.47 | 65,896 | 39.53 |
Loire | 218,603 | 63.86 | 123,714 | 36.14 |
Haute-Loire | 76,233 | 63.35 | 44,112 | 36.65 |
Loire-Atlantique | 525,200 | 77.17 | 155,353 | 22.83 |
Loiret | 195,004 | 63.16 | 113,735 | 36.84 |
Lot | 66,937 | 72.18 | 25,802 | 27.82 |
Lot-et-Garonne | 97,418 | 59.47 | 66,393 | 40.53 |
Lozère | 26,994 | 67.03 | 13,275 | 32.97 |
Maine-et-Loire | 288,817 | 72.82 | 107,781 | 27.18 |
Manche | 176,664 | 67.23 | 86,126 | 32.77 |
Marne | 144,840 | 57.01 | 109,227 | 42.99 |
Haute-Marne | 45,192 | 50.48 | 44,331 | 49.52 |
Mayenne | 112,192 | 72.02 | 43,581 | 27.98 |
Meurthe-et-Moselle | 198,750 | 60.66 | 128,902 | 39.34 |
Meuse | 48,303 | 51.62 | 45,267 | 48.38 |
Morbihan | 289,594 | 71.56 | 115,076 | 28.44 |
Moselle | 282,717 | 57.66 | 207,597 | 42.34 |
Nièvre | 62,722 | 59.92 | 41,946 | 40.08 |
Nord | 669,806 | 56.90 | 507,434 | 43.10 |
Oise | 202,509 | 53.28 | 177,549 | 46.72 |
Orne | 88,484 | 61.64 | 55,070 | 38.36 |
Pas-de-Calais | 352,558 | 47.94 | 382,782 | 52.06 |
Puy-de-Dôme | 219,437 | 71.34 | 88,155 | 28.66 |
Pyrénées-Atlantiques | 253,617 | 74.81 | 85,377 | 25.19 |
Hautes-Pyrénées | 79,794 | 68.19 | 37,225 | 31.81 |
Pyrénées-Orientales | 118,644 | 52.84 | 105,874 | 47.16 |
Bas-Rhin | 330,941 | 63.07 | 193,788 | 36.93 |
Haut-Rhin | 203,599 | 57.97 | 147,599 | 42.03 |
Rhône | 572,015 | 73.59 | 205,317 | 26.41 |
Haute-Saône | 63,541 | 51.71 | 59,341 | 48.29 |
Saône-et-Loire | 166,945 | 61.63 | 103,925 | 38.37 |
Sarthe | 170,153 | 63.33 | 98,523 | 36.67 |
Savoie | 135,118 | 64.74 | 73,598 | 35.26 |
Haute-Savoie | 249,198 | 68.66 | 113,746 | 31.34 |
Paris | 849,257 | 89.68 | 97,770 | 10.32 |
Seine-Maritime | 355,441 | 60.42 | 232,857 | 39.58 |
Seine-et-Marne | 369,762 | 63.86 | 209,221 | 36.14 |
Yvelines | 503,661 | 77.15 | 149,138 | 22.85 |
Deux-Sèvres | 135,827 | 71.54 | 54,039 | 28.46 |
Somme | 153,326 | 54.22 | 129,465 | 45.78 |
Tarn | 125,591 | 63.61 | 71,856 | 36.39 |
Tarn-et-Garonne | 71,988 | 57.52 | 53,166 | 42.48 |
Var | 266,724 | 50.85 | 257,769 | 49.15 |
Vaucluse | 145,965 | 53.45 | 127,113 | 46.55 |
Vendée | 253,914 | 69.96 | 109,035 | 30.04 |
Vienne | 143,712 | 68.77 | 65,255 | 31.23 |
Haute-Vienne | 126,418 | 70.95 | 51,763 | 29.05 |
Vosges | 106,076 | 55.26 | 85,894 | 44.74 |
Yonne | 88,939 | 55.04 | 72,651 | 44.96 |
Territoire de Belfort | 36,345 | 58.18 | 26,128 | 41.82 |
Essonne | 382,650 | 72.18 | 147,509 | 27.82 |
Hauts-de-Seine | 590,963 | 85.65 | 99,032 | 14.35 |
Seine-Saint-Denis | 367,823 | 78.82 | 98,825 | 21.18 |
Val-de-Marne | 419,145 | 80.32 | 102,673 | 19.68 |
Val-d'Oise | 342,018 | 72.53 | 129,518 | 27.47 |
Guadeloupe | 100,635 | 75.13 | 33,310 | 24.87 |
Martinique | 104,307 | 77.55 | 30,195 | 22.45 |
French Guiana | 21,769 | 64.89 | 11,777 | 35.11 |
Réunion | 212,081 | 60.25 | 139,917 | 39.75 |
Mayotte | 19,140 | 57.11 | 14,374 | 42.89 |
New Caledonia | 47,902 | 52.57 | 43,217 | 47.43 |
French Polynesia | 52,378 | 58.39 | 37,319 | 41.61 |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 1,467 | 63.29 | 851 | 36.71 |
Wallis and Futuna | 4,715 | 79.14 | 1,243 | 20.86 |
Saint Martin/Saint Barthélemy | 5,282 | 65.03 | 2,840 | 34.97 |
French residents overseas | 496,344 | 89.31 | 59,415 | 10.69 |
Total | 20,743,128 | 66.10 | 10,638,475 | 33.90 |
Source: Ministry of the Interior |
Region | Emmanuel Macron |
Marine Le Pen | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes | 2,452,191 | 67.13 | 1,200,726 | 32.87 |
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté | 815,709 | 60.48 | 532,935 | 39.52 |
Brittany | 1,301,226 | 75.36 | 425,462 | 24.64 |
Centre-Val de Loire | 777,973 | 63.32 | 450,750 | 36.68 |
Corsica | 66,819 | 51.48 | 62,982 | 48.52 |
Grand Est | 1,500,652 | 57.94 | 1,089,356 | 42.06 |
Hauts-de-France | 1,497,401 | 52.94 | 1,331,169 | 47.06 |
Île-de-France | 3,825,279 | 78.73 | 1,033,686 | 21.27 |
Normandy | 1,012,062 | 61.96 | 621,472 | 38.04 |
Nouvelle-Aquitaine | 2,011,068 | 68.65 | 918,237 | 31.35 |
Occitanie | 1,759,816 | 62.99 | 1,033,853 | 37.01 |
Pays de la Loire | 1,350,276 | 72.42 | 514,273 | 27.58 |
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur | 1,306,636 | 55.47 | 1,049,116 | 44.53 |
Guadeloupe | 100,635 | 75.13 | 33,310 | 24.87 |
Martinique | 104,307 | 77.55 | 30,195 | 22.45 |
French Guiana | 21,769 | 64.89 | 11,777 | 35.11 |
Réunion | 212,081 | 60.25 | 139,917 | 39.75 |
Mayotte | 19,140 | 57.11 | 14,374 | 42.89 |
Source: Ministry of the Interior |
Maps
-
First-place candidate by department
-
First-place candidate by commune (2012 borders)
-
Vote share by department and major city
Aftermath
On 8 May, Macron joined President Hollande on the
Following the second round of the presidential election on 7 May, Macron announced he would be stepping down as president of
Campaign accounts
The campaign accounts of the eleven candidates were submitted by 7 July 2017 and published in August 2017,[214] and were validated and reimbursement announced by the National Commission for Campaign Accounts and Political Financing on 13 February 2018.
Candidate | 1st round | Spending | €/vote | Reimbursement | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Emmanuel Macron | 24.01% | €16,698,320 | €1.93 | €10,640,794[215] | |
Marine Le Pen | 21.30% | €12,416,567 | €1.62 | €10,691,775[216] | |
François Fillon | 20.01% | €13,784,073 | €1.91 | €2,067,625[217] | |
Jean-Luc Mélenchon | 19.58% | €10,676,699 | €1.51 | €6,031,304[218] | |
Benoît Hamon | 6.36% | €15,072,745 | €6.58 | €7,949,043[219] | |
Nicolas Dupont-Aignan | 4.70% | €1,823,157 | €1.08 | €800,423[220] | |
Jean Lassalle | 1.21% | €260,112 | €0.60 | €228,659[221] | |
Philippe Poutou | 1.09% | €782,448 | €1.98 | €766,543[222] | |
François Asselineau | 0.92% | €1,230,843 | €3.70 | €755,139[223] | |
Nathalie Arthaud | 0.64% | €958,237 | €4.12 | €800,423[224] | |
Jacques Cheminade | 0.18% | €412,983 | €6.30 | €337,606[225] |
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Further reading
- Elgie, Robert. "The election of Emmanuel Macron and the new French party system: a return to the éternel marais?." Modern & Contemporary France 26.1 (2018): 15–29.
- Evans, Jocelyn, and Gilles Ivaldi. The 2017 French Presidential Elections: A Political Reformation? (Springer, 2017) excerpt.
- Evans, Jocelyn, and Gilles Ivaldi. "An atypical ‘honeymoon’election? Contextual and strategic opportunities in the 2017 French legislative elections." French Politics 15.3 (2017): 322–339. Online
- Ferrara, Emilio. "Disinformation and social bot operations in the run up to the 2017 French presidential election." arXiv (2017) online.
- Gil, Cameron Michael. "Spatial analysis of La République En Marche and French Parties, 2002–2017." French Politics (2018): 1–27.
- Gougou, Florent, and Simon Persico. "A new party system in the making? The 2017 French presidential election." French Politics 15.3 (2017): 303–321. online[dead link]
- Gougou, Florent, and Nicolas Sauger. "The 2017 French Election Study (FES 2017): a post-electoral cross-sectional survey." French Politics 15.3 (2017): 360–370. Online
- Maillot, Agnès. "Setting the agenda? The Front National and the 2017 French presidential election." Irish Studies in International Affairs 28 (2017): 45–56. Online
- Mény, Yves. "A tale of party primaries and outsider candidates: the 2017 French presidential election." French politics 15.3 (2017): 265–278.
- Schön-Quinlivan, Emmanuelle. "‘The elephant in the room’ no more: Europe as a structuring line of political cleavage in the 2017 presidential election." French Politics 15.3 (2017): 290-302 online.
External links
- Constitutional Council (in French)
- Ministry of the Interior (in French)
- List of all sponsorships by elected officials (in French)
- Data and graphics for sponsorships (in French)
- Results of the first round of the presidential election by constituency (in French)