2023 Montenegrin presidential election
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Registered | 542,154 | |||||||||||||||
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Turnout | 64.07% (first round) 0.15pp 70.14% (second round) 6.07pp | |||||||||||||||
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Constitution |
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The presidential election was followed by the 2023 Montenegrin parliamentary election, held on 11 June 2023.[6][7][8] The Europe Now! movement won a plurality of seats while the DPS led Together! coalition came in second after losing seats.[9]
Background
Milo Đukanović, the leader of the Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS), ruled Montenegro for more than three decades either as prime minister or as president. Although seen as pro-Western, during his lengthy time in power he has been involved in numerous corruption scandals and affairs, and many wanted to see him out of politics. The previous presidential election held in 2018 was won by Đukanović, with 53.9% of the vote in the first round. The incumbent president, Đukanović was eligible for re-election in 2023, since his first presidential term (1998–2003) was served before the successful 2006 Montenegrin independence referendum.[10]
The 2023 Presidential election was held amid the deepest political crisis Montenegro has faced since its independence from Serbia in 2006. The desire to oust long-ruling Đukanović and DPS brought together three ideologically diverse opposition alliances, varying from conservative and pro-Russian to pro-Western and civic, who tightly won the 2020 parliamentary election to form the first ruling coalition that excluded DPS. However, their coalition was marred with instability, and the government led by Zdravko Krivokapić fell in February 2022, to be replaced by a short-lived minority government of Dritan Abazović which lasted until August 2022. Parliamentary crisis resulted in vacancy or caretaker status of several major state institutions, including the caretaker status of government cabinet and state prosecution and, most notably, vacancy in the Constitutional Court. As the anti-DPS parliamentary majority fractured, Đukanović and his party were widely expected to return to the power.
Several candidates ran in opposition to Đukanović: Jakov Milatović was an independent member of the technocratic cabinet, while Andrija Mandić's right-wing populist Democratic Front was among the parties that backed it in the parliament. Apart from the strong desire to remove the DPS and its leader from power, the members of the coalition had little in common and were unable to carry out reforms. Local elections held in several municipalities during 2021 and 2022 showed that DPS was losing popular support. The loss of the DPS' majority in the capital city Podgorica was seen as a punishment for Đukanovićs rather counter-productive role in the ongoing political crisis in the country. Elections were held as the country is gripped by a year-long political deadlock marked by no-confidence votes in two separate governments and a row between parliamentary majority and Đukanović over appointing a new prime minister-designate. According to media outlets, Đukanović, Milatović, and Mandić were seen as the strongest of the seven candidates, and the only ones with a real chance of getting to the second round runoff. While the office of president is largely ceremonial in Montenegro, the 2023 presidential election was seen by many as barometer for the upcoming snap parliamentary elections, which Đukanović scheduled for June 2023, dissolving the parliament few days before the first round of presidential elections in which he ran for his third term as head of state.[11][12][13][14][15]
Electoral system
The president of Montenegro is elected using the two-round system; if no candidate receives a majority of the vote in the first round, a runoff is held two weeks later.[16] A new president is elected every five years, and only is eligible for two terms. In order to submit their candidacy to the State Electoral Commission, potential candidates need to collect 8,101 signatures.[17]
Campaign
First round
The incumbent president
A member of the ruling coalition, the SNP initially proposed the leader of the DEMOS and the candidate in the 2013 Montenegrin presidential election, Miodrag Lekić, as the joint candidate of the parties of the parliamentary majority, which the other parties eventually refused.[22][23][24] At the end of January, the right-wing populist Democratic Front (DF) announced that it would nominate its informal leader Andrija Mandić, who was a candidate back in the 2008 Montenegrin presidential election. In February, the SNP decided to support the candidacy of Mandić, abandoning the proposal to run with their own candidate, while Democratic Montenegro (DCG) initially called for common candidate of self-labeled centrist bloc along with United Reform Action (URA) and the newly founded Europe Now! movement, finally deciding to highlight the candidacy of their leader Aleksa Bečić. Prime minister Dritan Abazović's URA party announced that it would not have its own candidate, eventually deciding to support a Bečić candidacy.[25]
Initially, the Europe Now! movement decided to nominate its co-founder
Shortly after that, Europe Now nominated
With both Đukanović and Milatović aiming to occupy the pro-EU centre ground, the debate came down to a question of political experience versus expertise gained outside politics. Đukanović said that the election would determine whether Montenegro would "develop as a modern European state, or if it will accept a position humbly serving other countries' interests". He compared the 19 March vote with that in 1997 when he was elected president for the first time, highlighting his status as one of Europe's longest-ruling leaders. On the other hand, political newcomer Milatović said it was time for Montenegrins to vote for people who have knowledge and expertise. As a departure from the identity issues that have long dominated the country politics, he emphasizes the country's economic development in his program, consistently setting himself apart from Đukanović and his DPS with strong anti-corruption messages. Pro-Serbian right-wing candidate Mandić disputed Milatović's claim that Montenegro needs experts, saying that Đukanović could only be ousted from power by someone as experienced in politics as he is; like Đukanović, Mandić has been involved in politics since the 1990s. Former speaker of the parliament
There were no institutional reaction to a complaint by the some NGOs and civic activists filed with the constitutional court against Đukanović's candidacy, citing that he cannot run for a third term and claimed that the national electoral commission wrongly interpreted the law by confirming Đukanović candidacy. This interpretation is controversial as when Đukanović served as president between 1998 and 2002 when Montenegro was part of a state union with Serbia.
Candidates
Montenegrin State Electoral Commission (DIK) confirmed seven candidates.
- Candidate numbers were decided using a random draw on 4 March 2023.[48]
# | Candidate | Affiliation | Details and candidate summary | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1
|
Milo Đukanović | Democratic Party of Socialists
|
Incumbent President (1998–2002; since 2018), former Prime Minister (1991–1998; 2003–2006; 2008–2010; 2012–2016), leader of the Democratic Party of Socialists since 1998. Candidacy announced on 24 February and submitted on 25 February 2023.[49] | |
2
|
Jakov Milatović | Europe Now! | Economist, former Minister of Economy (2020–2022), Mayor-elect of Podgorica since 2022 election, co-founder and deputy leader of the newly founded Europe Now! movement. Candidacy announced on 23 February and submitted on 26 February 2023.[50] | |
3
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Andrija Mandić | Democratic Front | Member of Parliament (2001–2020; 2022–present), member of the presidency of the Democratic Front alliance, leader of the New Serb Democracy party, presidential candidate in 2008. Candidacy announced on 28 January and submitted on 3 February 2023.[51] | |
4
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Jovan Radulović | Independent
|
Personal trainer, internet personality and social media influencer from Podgorica, backed by a citizens' group. Candidacy submitted on 26 February and confirmed on 3 March 2023.[52]
| |
5
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Goran Danilović | United Montenegro | Former Member of Parliament (2006–2016; 2016–2020), former Minister of Internal Affairs in the provisional cabinet (2016), founder and current leader of the United Montenegro. Candidacy announced on 28 January and submitted on 20 February 2023.[53] | |
6
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Aleksa Bečić | Democratic Montenegro | Member of Parliament since 2016, former President of the Parliament (2020–2022), founder and leader of the Democratic Montenegro party. Candidacy announced on 24 February and submitted on 26 February 2023.[54] | |
7
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Draginja Vuksanović
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Social Democratic Party | Member of Parliament since 2012, professor of law at the University of Montenegro, member and former leader of the Social Democratic Party from 2019 to 2021, candidate in 2018. Candidacy announced on 9 February and submitted on 22 February 2023.[55] |
Endorsements
- Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS) (submitted)[56]
- Bosniak Party (BS)[57]
- Social Democrats (SD)[58]
- Liberal Party (LP)[59]
- Democratic Party (PD)[60]
- Democratic Union of Albanians (UDSH)[61]
- Croatian Civic Initiative (HGI)[62]
- New Left (NL)[63]
- Party of Montenegrin Muslims (PCM)[64]
- Democratic Roma Party (DPR)[65]
- Pedro Sánchez, Prime Minister of Spain and President of the Socialist International[66]
- Stefan Löfven, President of the Party of European Socialists[67]
- Dimitar Kovačevski, Prime Minister of North Macedonia[68]
- Europe Now! (PES!) (submitted)[69]
- Citizens' Union "Civis" (CIVIS)[70]
- Christian Democratic Movement (DP)[71]
- Justice and Reconciliation Party (SPP)[72]
- Yugoslav Communist Party (JKP) [73]
- Novska lista (local)[74]
- I Choose Bar–I Choose Montenegro (local)[75]
- We won't give up Nikšić (local)[76]
- Durmitor Initiative (local)[77]
- Alternativa (Political party)[78]
- Zdravko Krivokapić, former Prime Minister[79]
- Aleksandar Stijović, former Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development[80]
- Dejan Vukšić, withdrawn candidate[81]
- Džemal Perović, civic activist[82]
- Democratic Front (DF) (submitted)[83]
- Socialist People's Party (SNP)[84]
- True Montenegro (PCG)[85]
- Workers' Party (RP)[86]
- Serb National Council of Montenegro (NGO)[87]
- Vesna Bratić, former Minister of Education, Science, Culture and Sports[88]
- Vladislav Dajković, president of Free Montenegro (political party)[89]
- Milorad Dodik, President of Republika Srpska[90]
- United Montenegro (UCG) (submitted)[91]
- Democratic Montenegro (DCG) (submitted)[69]
- United Reform Action (URA)[92]
- League of Communists[93]
- Democratic Serb Party (DSS)[94]
- Movement "Novi Wins" (local)[95]
- Movement "Plenum 083" (local)[96]
- Dritan Abazović, incumbent acting Prime Minister[97]
- Social Democratic Party (SDP) (submitted)[98]
- New Left (NL) [a]
- Genci Nimanbegu, leader of the New Democratic Force (Forca)[99]
Electoral debates
Date Time |
Broadcaster | Candidates | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Đukanović | Milatović | Mandić | Radulović | Danilović | Bečić | Vuksanović
| |||||||||||||||
9 March 20:00 |
TVCG1[100]
|
P | P | P | A | P | P | P | |||||||||||||
16 March 20:00 |
TVCG1 (cancelled) |
A [b] | A | A [b] | A | A | A | A | |||||||||||||
16 March 20:00 |
Prva TV[103]
|
P | NI | P | NI | NI | NI | NI | |||||||||||||
17 March 20:00 |
Vijesti[104] | A | P | P | A | P | P | P | |||||||||||||
P Invited/Present NI Non-invitee A Absent invitee |
Second round
Long-ruling incumbent Đukanović portrayed the presidential runoff vote as a "choice between an independent Montenegro and a country controlled by neighboring
Both candidates pledge continuation of
During the campaign, Đukanović made harsh accusations against his opponent, stating that Milatović was "destroying people's lives", even that he was "responsible for death" during the
NGOs observing the electoral process noted media negative campaign, spin, and misinformation, mainly pushed by Serbian and Montenegrin nationalist media affiliated with Đukanović's DPS and Andrija Mandić's DF.[124] NGO observers also called on the national Agency for the Prevention of Corruption (ASK) to investigate the case of an online paid negative campaign against Milatović.[125]
Candidates
Candidates in the second round | |
Milo Đukanović | Jakov Milatović |
---|---|
Democratic Party of Socialists
|
Europe Now! |
Former President of Montenegro (2018–2023) |
Former Minister of Economy of Montenegro (2020–2022) |
Endorsements
- Social Democratic Party (SDP)[126]
- Živko Andrijašević, historian[127]
- Novak Adžić, lawyer and historian[128]
- Adnan Čirgić, linguist and activist[128]
- Miodrag Vlahović, politician and former diplomat[128]
- Andrej Nikolaidis, Montenegrin-Bosnian writer[128]
- Srđan Mrvaljević, Montenegrin judoka[129]
- Bogdan Tanjević, Montenegrin-Bosnian basketball coach[130]
- Veljko Bulajić, Montenegrin-Croatian film director[131]
- SUBNOR, the Union of Associations of Fighters of the People's Liberation War[132]
- Albin Kurti, Prime Minister of Kosovo[133]
- Željko Komšić, Croat Member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina[134]
- Denis Bećirović, Bosniak Member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina[135]
- Sonja Biserko, Serbian human rights activist[136]
- Rada Trajković, Kosovo Serb politician[137]
- Filip David, Serbian writer and screenwriter[138]
- Svetislav Basara, Serbian writer and columnist[138]
- Aleksandar Olenik, Serbian lawyer and politician[139]
- Nenad Čanak, former President of the Assembly of Vojvodina[140]
- Žarko Korać, former Deputy Prime Minister of Serbia[141]
- Roman Jakič, Slovenian politician[142]
- Mothers of Srebrenica, Bosnian NGO[143]
- Andrija Mandić campaign[144]
- Aleksa Bečić campaign[145]
- Goran Danilović campaign[146]
- Dritan Abazović, Prime Minister of Montenegro[147]
- Miodrag Lekić (Demos), 2013 presidential candidate[148]
- Boka Forum (local)[149]
- Balša Brković, writer and civic activist[150]
- Đuro Radosavović, writer and civic activist[150]
- Dževdet Pepić, human rights activist[150]
- Bojana Jokić, human rights activist[150]
- Džemal Perović, civic activist[150]
- Milka Tadić-Mijović, journalist and international civic activist[150]
- Miodrag Perović, journalist and media publisher[150]
- Duško Knežević, businessman[151]
- Igor Đurović, university professor and member of the CANU[150]
- Aleksandar Dragićević, ecological activist[150]
- SOBNOR, Union of the Organization of Fighters of the People's Liberation War[152]
- Vojislav Šešelj, Serbian ultranationalist politician (endorsement denied by candidate himself)[153]
Electoral debates
The only electoral TV duel between presidential candidates in the second round runoff,
Opinion polls
Poll results are listed in the tables below in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first, and using the date the survey's fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. If such date is unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed in bold, and the background shaded in the leading party's colour. In the instance that there is a tie, then no figure is shaded. The lead column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the two candidates with the highest figures. No opinion polls were published since the beginning of the presidential election official campaign, except for several hypothetical surveys conducted earlier.
- First round
Date | Polling firm/source | Đukanović | Spajić | Bečić | Mandić | Vuksanović
|
Danilović | Others | None | Lead |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Feb 2023 | MB/CeDem | 35.7% | 21.2% | 15.8% | 19.9% | 6.1% | – | 1.2% | n/a | 14.5% |
Feb 2023 | IDD | 22.7% | 30% | 4.6% | 10% | 3% | 4% | 15.7% | 9.2% | 7.3% |
Date | Polling firm/source | Đukanović | Krivokapić | Bečić | Mandić | Abazović | Lekić | Others | Lead | |
June 2021 | CeDem | 41.5% | 9.6% | 19.4% | 11.5% | 7.3% | – | 10.7% | 22.1% | |
Oct 2020 | NSPM | 30.3% | 25.2% | 13% | 4.5% | 12.7% | 3.3% | 11% | 5.1% |
- Second round
Surveys that include average approval ratings of main (as well formerly potential) candidates, published between 2018 and 2023 elections. The highest rated figures in each polling survey is displayed in bold font.
Date | Polling firm/source | DPS
|
DPS
|
Bečić DCG |
Abazović URA |
Lekić Demos |
Mandić DF |
Danilović UCG |
Vuksanović
SDP |
Krivokapić DP |
ES!
|
ES!
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec 2022 | CeDem | 2.35 | 2.05 | 2.41 | 2.19 | 2.08 | 1.97 | 1.98 | 1.78 | 2.12 | 2.6 | 2.51 |
July 2022 | CeDem | 2.37 | 2.0 | 2.45 | 2.11 | 1.96 | 1.91 | 2.01 | 1.78 | 2.22 | 2.62 | 2.51 |
Dec 2021 | CeDem | 2.35 | – | 2.41 | 2.23 | 1.94 | 1.91 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.19 | – | – |
June 2021 | CeDem | 2.45 | – | 2.47 | 2.37 | 1.98 | 1.88 | 1.88 | 1.9 | 2.17 | – | – |
Aug 2020 | CeDem | 2.45 | – | 2.34 | 2.25 | 2.15 | 1.97 | 1.98 | 1.69 | 2.53 | – | – |
Dec 2019 | CeDem | 2.52 | – | 2.19 | 2.05 | 1.98 | 1.88 | 1.88 | 1.85 | – | – | – |
July 2019 | CeDem | 2.44 | – | 2.31 | 2.18 | 2.06 | 1.94 | 1.86 | 1.91 | – | – | – |
Dec 2018 | CeDem | 2.73 | – | 2.51 | 2.19 | 1.89 | 1.83 | 1.92 | 1.88 | – | – | – |
Results
Candidate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
Milo Đukanović | Democratic Party of Socialists | 119,685 | 35.37 | 154,769 | 41.12 | |
Jakov Milatović | Europe Now! | 97,867 | 28.92 | 221,592 | 58.88 | |
Andrija Mandić | Democratic Front | 65,394 | 19.32 | |||
Aleksa Bečić | Democratic Montenegro | 37,563 | 11.10 | |||
Draginja Vuksanović | Social Democratic Party | 10,669 | 3.15 | |||
Goran Danilović | United Montenegro | 4,659 | 1.38 | |||
Jovan Radulović | Independent | 2,574 | 0.76 | |||
Total | 338,411 | 100.00 | 376,361 | 100.00 | ||
Valid votes | 338,411 | 99.07 | 376,361 | 98.97 | ||
Invalid/blank votes | 3,169 | 0.93 | 3,920 | 1.03 | ||
Total votes | 341,580 | 100.00 | 380,281 | 100.00 | ||
Registered voters/turnout | 542,154 | 63.00 | 542,154 | 70.14 | ||
Source: State Electoral Commission[155] |
By subdivision
Second round
Municipality (Region) |
Milo Đukanović | Jakov Milatović | Registered voters |
Voter turnout | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vote | % | Vote | % | |||
Podgorica | 37,122 | 34.51% | 70,438 | 65.49% | 143,608 | 75.20 |
Nikšić | 16,941 | 38.19% | 27,419 | 61.81% | 57,326 | 75.20 |
Cetinje | 6,353 | 71.31% | 2,556 | 28.69% | 13,372 | 67.16 |
Danilovgrad | 3,330 | 31.99% | 7,080 | 68.01% | 13,170 | 79.45 |
Golubovci | 2,101 | 21.11% | 7,852 | 78.89% | 12,542 | 79.52 |
Tuzi | 5,855 | 82.01% | 1,284 | 17.98% | 12,383 | 57.31 |
Central Region
|
71,702 | 38.07% | 116,629 | 61.93% | 252,401 | 74.62 |
Bijelo Polje | 13,067 | 47.64% | 14,362 | 52.36% | 39,362 | 68.75 |
Pljevlja | 5,269 | 28.33% | 13,332 | 71.67% | 24,452 | 76.39 |
Berane | 4,291 | 26.66% | 11,805 | 73.34% | 23,409 | 66.63 |
Rožaje | 11,004 | 83.26% | 2,213 | 16.74% | 22,836 | 58.31 |
Plav | 3,721 | 72.38% | 1,420 | 27.62% | 9,374 | 55.43 |
Mojkovac | 1,794 | 35.50% | 3,260 | 64.50% | 6,538 | 78.34 |
Petnjica | 2,676 | 87.91% | 368 | 12.09% | 6,259 | 48.65 |
Kolašin | 1,291 | 27.17% | 3,461 | 72.83% | 6,054 | 79.34 |
Gusinje | 1,513 | 88.79% | 191 | 11.21% | 4,549 | 37.83 |
Andrijevica | 925 | 32.69% | 1,905 | 67.31% | 3,846 | 65.30 |
Žabljak | 709 | 31.26% | 1,559 | 68.74% | 3,010 | 73.49 |
Plužine | 237 | 12.54% | 1,653 | 87.46% | 2,349 | 79.31 |
Šavnik | 735 | 47.95% | 798 | 52.05% | 1,777 | 87.56 |
Northern Region
|
47,232 | 45.61% | 56,327 | 54.39% | 153,815 | 67.33 |
Bar | 12,330 | 50.09% | 12,286 | 49.91% | 39,869 | 62.45 |
Herceg Novi | 4,210 | 25.32% | 12,417 | 74.68% | 25,462 | 66.14 |
Ulcinj | 6,515 | 68.80% | 2,955 | 31.20% | 20,566 | 46.10 |
Budva | 4,038 | 31.53% | 8,770 | 68.47% | 18,847 | 68.23 |
Kotor | 5,119 | 41.75% | 7,141 | 58.25% | 18,385 | 67.63 |
Tivat | 3,470 | 42.31% | 4,731 | 57.69% | 12,007 | 69.02 |
Coastal Region
|
35,682 | 42.49% | 48,300 | 57.51% | 135,136 | 62.15 |
Notes
- ^ Endorsed both Đukanović and Vuksanović
- ^
References
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- ^ Đukanović i Milatović idu u drugi krug, Vijesti, 19 March 2023
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- ^ CDT: DIK je postao direktni učesnik u predsjedničkim izborima, Vijesti, 19 February 2023
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