34th (Cumberland) Regiment of Foot

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34th (Cumberland) Regiment of Foot
Colours of the 34th (Cumberland) Regiment of Foot
Active1702–1881
Country Kingdom of England (1702–1707)

 Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1801)

 United Kingdom (1801–1881)
Branch British Army
Garrison/HQCarlisle Castle
Nickname(s)Cumberland Gentlemen[1]
EngagementsWar of the Spanish Succession
Seven Years' War
American Revolutionary War
Napoleonic Wars
Upper Canada Rebellion
Crimean War
Indian Rebellion

The 34th Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1702. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 55th (Westmorland) Regiment of Foot to form the Border Regiment in 1881.

History

Early history

The regiment was raised in

capture of Vigo in October 1719 during the War of the Quadruple Alliance and then returned home later in the year.[10]

Soldier of 34th regiment, 1742

The regiment embarked for Flanders in June 1744 and saw action at the Battle of Fontenoy in May 1745 during the War of the Austrian Succession.[11] It was ordered home in September 1745 as part of the government response to the Jacobite rebellion[12] and were in the right wing of the front line at the Battle of Culloden in April 1746.[13] In 1751 a royal warrant declared that regiments should no longer be known by the name of their colonel, but their number in the order of precedence, and Conway's duly became the 34th Regiment of Foot.[2]

Seven Years' War

The French fleet at Menorca in 1756

Posted to

Battle of Saint Cast in September 1758.[16]

The regiment departed with the

Havana in August 1762.[17] The following year it proceeded to Florida, which had been ceded by Spain to the United Kingdom, before returning to England in 1768.[17]

American Revolutionary War

The regiment was dispatched to Canada in spring 1776 and, while participating in numerous small skirmishes, drove out the American forces and forced then to abandon Fort Ticonderoga in July 1777.[18] A detachment of the regiment under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Barry St. Leger also took part in the unsuccessful siege of Fort Stanwix.[19] Captain Alexander Fraser, a veteran of the French and Indian War serving with the regiment, commanded what became known as the Company of Select Marksmen and saw action as skirmishers during the Saratoga campaign in autumn 1777.[20] A number of other officers and other ranks, including Lieutenant Bright Nodder, were captured by the American forces and held as part of the Convention Army.[21]

On 31 October 1780 the

brig-sloop HMS Ontario was foundered during a violent storm and was sunk east of Fort Niagara on Lake Ontario with the loss of 80 lives including one officer, 34 other ranks, four women and five children from the regiment.[22] The resting site of HMS Ontario remained a mystery until 2008 when the nearly pristine brig "was discovered resting partially on its side, with two masts extending more than 20 metres above the lake bottom", in approximately 150 meters of water "off the southern shore".[23]

The regiment was granted the county title as the 34th (Cumberland) Regiment of Foot in 1782[2] but did not return to England until 1786.[19]

Napoleonic Wars

The Battle of Albuera, during which the regimental colours were successfully recovered after the colour-bearer was shot, in May 1811

The regiment was posted to the

Maratha Empire for nineteen years before returning home.[27]

A second battalion of the regiment was raised in 1804 serving in England and

siege of Badajoz in spring 1811[30] and the Battle of Albuera, (order of battle) during which the regimental colours were successfully recovered after the colour-bearer was shot, in May 1811.[31] The battalion captured the drums and the Drum Major's mace of the French 34e Régiment at the Battle of Arroyo dos Molinos in October 1811.[32] It went on to fight at the siege of Ciudad Rodrigo in January 1812,[33] the Battle of Almaraz in May 1812[33] and the Battle of Vitoria in June 1813.[34] It then pursued the French Army into France fighting at the Battle of the Pyrenees in July 1813,[35] the Battle of Nivelle in November 1813[36] and the Battle of the Nive in December 1813[37] as well as the Battle of Orthez in February 1814[37] and the Battle of Toulouse in April 1814.[37] The battalion then embarked for Ireland in July 1814.[38]

Victorian era

In August 1829 the regiment was posted to

siege of Sevastopol in winter 1854 during the Crimean War.[43] It also fought at the siege of Cawnpore in June 1857 and the siege of Lucknow in autumn 1857 during the Indian Rebellion.[43]

As part of the Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 26th was linked with the 55th (Westmorland) Regiment of Foot, and assigned to district no. 2 at Carlisle Castle.[44] On 1 July 1881 the Childers Reforms came into effect and the regiment amalgamated with the 55th (Westmorland) Regiment of Foot to form the Border Regiment.[2]

Battle honours

Battle honours won by the regiment were:[2]

Victoria Crosses

Victoria Crosses awarded to men of the regiment were:

Regimental Colonels

Colonels of the regiment were:[2]

34th Regiment of Foot

34th (Cumberland) Regiment of Foot

  • 1797–1810: George Fitzroy, 2nd Lord Southampton
  • 1810–1816: Gen. Sir
    Eyre Coote
  • 1816–1826: Gen. Hon. Sir
    Galbraith Lowry Cole
  • 1826–1860: Sir Thomas Brisbane
  • 1860–1874: Gen. John Eden
  • 1874–1875: James Creagh
  • 1875–1879: Gen. William Irwin
  • 1879–1881: Gen. Alexander Maxwell

References

  1. ISBN 978-1-84832-562-3
    .
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "34th (the Cumberland) Regiment of Foot". regiments.org. Archived from the original on 1 March 2006. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  3. ^ Cannon, p. 11
  4. ^ Cannon, p. 12
  5. ^ Cannon, p. 15
  6. ^ Cannon, p. 16
  7. ^ Cannon, p. 18
  8. ^ Cannon, p. 19
  9. ^ Cannon, p. 20
  10. ^ Cannon, p. 21
  11. ^ Cannon, p. 24
  12. ^ Cannon, p. 25
  13. ^ Cannon, p. 27
  14. ^ Cannon, p. 30
  15. ^ Cannon, p. 32
  16. ^ Cannon, p. 33
  17. ^ a b Cannon, p. 35
  18. ^ Cannon, p. 37
  19. ^ a b Cannon, p. 39
  20. ^ "Captain Alexander Fraser's Company of Select Marksmen". Company of Select Marksmen. Archived from the original on 31 October 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
  21. ^ Baumgardt, Kenneth. "The Royal Army in America During the Revolutionary War: The American Prisoner Records". Defense Technical Information Center. Archived from the original on 31 October 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
  22. ^ Haldimand Papers CO42/14 XP003691 Copy 1 Niagara, 18 November 1780
  23. ^ "British warship sunk in 1780 found in Lake Ontario". CTV News. 13 June 2008. Archived from the original on 16 October 2012. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
  24. ^ Cannon, p. 40
  25. ^ Cannon, p. 41
  26. ^ Cannon, p. 42
  27. ^ Cannon, p. 69
  28. ^ WO/379/6 Regimental annual dispositions. National Archives. Retrieved 8 August 2018
  29. ^ Cannon, p. 45
  30. ^ Cannon, p. 48
  31. ^ Cannon, p. 49
  32. ^ Cannon, p. 52
  33. ^ a b Cannon, p. 53
  34. ^ Cannon, p. 55
  35. ^ Cannon, p. 60
  36. ^ Cannon, p. 61
  37. ^ a b c Cannon, p. 62
  38. ^ Cannon, p. 43
  39. ^ Cannon, p. 71
  40. ^ "Chronology of events". The 1837 rebellions. Archived from the original on 22 February 2007. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
  41. ^ Cannon, p. 76
  42. ^ Cannon, p. 77
  43. ^ a b "34th Regiment". Cumbria's museum of military life. Archived from the original on 13 April 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
  44. ^ "Training Depots". Regiments.org. Archived from the original on 10 February 2006. Retrieved 16 October 2016.

Sources

Further reading

External links

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