Ahmadnagar Sultanate

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Not to be confused with
Nizams of Hyderabad
.
Sultanate of Ahmednagar
28 May 1490–1636
Flag of Qutb Shahi
Flag
Ahmad Nizam Shah I (first)
• 1633–1636
Murtaza Nizam Shah III (last)
History 
• Established
28 May 1490
• Disestablished
1636
CurrencyFalus[3]
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Bahmani Sultanate
Mughal Empire
Today part ofIndia

The Sultanate of Ahmednagar or the Nizam Shahi Sultanate was a late medieval Indian Muslim kingdom located in the northwestern

Bahmani governor of Junnar after defeating the Bahmani army led by general Jahangir Khan on 28 May 1490 declared independence and established the Nizam Shahi dynasty of the Sultanate of Ahmednagar.[7]

Initially his capital was in the town of

Shivneri. In 1494, the foundation was laid for the new capital Ahmadnagar. Ahmednagar sultanate was dependent on Koli chieftains for military or soldiers. Koli chieftains often provided the cavalry and infantry for Sultans of Ahmednagar during wartimes.[8] In 1636 Aurangzeb, then Mugal viceroy of Deccan, finally annexed the sultanate to the Mughal Empire
.

History

Establishment

Daulatabad
in 1499.

Reigns of the successors of Malik Ahmad

Battle of Talikota

After the death of Malik Ahmad in 1510, his son

Deccan Sultanates during the Battle of Talikota.after the battle Rama Raya was beheaded by Sultan Nizam Hussain himself.[13]

Rama Raya's beheading in the Battle of Talikota.
A view of the Farah Bagh built by the Nizam Shahs

After the death of Hussain in 1565, his minor son

Golconda Sultanates
. After the death of Chand Bibi in July 1600, Ahmadnagar was conquered by the Mughals and the Sultan was imprisoned.

Malik Ambar and the demise of the sultanate

Murtaza Nizam Shah II with Malik Ambar

Although, Ahmadnagar city and its adjoining areas were occupied by the Mughals, an extensive part of the kingdom still remained in possession of the influential officials of the Nizam Shahi dynasty.

Aurangabad
).

After the death of Malik Ambar in May 1626, his son Fath Khan surrendered to the Mughals in 1633 and handed over the young Nizam Shahi ruler Hussain Shah, who was sent as a prisoner to the fort of Gwalior. But soon, Shahaji with the assistance of Bijapur, placed an infant scion of the Nizam Shahi dynasty, Murtaza Nizam Shah III on the throne and he became the regent. In 1636 Aurangzeb, then Mughal viceroy of Deccan finally annexed the sultanate to the Mughal empire after defeating Shahaji.

Revenue system of Malik Ambar

The revenue system introduced by Malik Ambar was based on the revenue system introduced in Northern India and some parts of Gujarat and Khandesh

subahs by Raja Todarmal. Lands were classified as good or bad according to their fertility and he took a number of years to ascertain accurately the average yield of lands. He abolished the revenue farming. At first, revenue was fixed as two-fifths of the actual produce in kind, but later the cultivators were allowed to pay in cash equivalent to approximately one-third of the yield. Although an average rent was fixed for each plot of land but actual collections depended on the conditions of crops and they varied from year to year.[14]

Art

Main article: Deccan painting

Under the reigns of successive rulers of the dynasty, architecture and art flourished in the kingdom. The earliest extant school of

Shivneri), Paranda, Ausa, Dharur, Lohagad, etc. were greatly improved under their reign. Daulatabad, which was their secondary capital, was also heavily fortified and constructed in their reign.[18] Literature was heavily patronised in the kingdom, as seen through manuscripts such as the Tarif-i Husain Shah Badshah-i Dakan.[19] Sanskrit scholarship was also given a boost under their rule, as demonstrated by the works of Sabaji Pratap[20] and Bhanudatta.[21] The city of Ahmadnagar, founded by the Nizam Shahs, was described as being comparable to Cairo and Baghdad, within a few years of its construction.[22] It was modelled along the great cities of the Persianate world, given the Shi'i leanings of the dynasty.[23]

Architecture

Main article:
Architecture of the Bahmani and Deccan sultanates

A number of palaces such as the Farah Bakhsh Bagh, Ahmadnagar Fort, Hasht Bihisht Bagh, and Manjarsumbah are in and around Ahmadnagar city. There exist tombs of nobles like Salabat Khan and Changiz Khan, and also of saints like Shah Sharif and Bava Bangali.[24]

Malik Ambar is credited with the construction of the Janjira Fort in the Murud Area of present-day Maharashtra India.[25] After its construction in 1567 AD, the fort was key to the Sidis withstanding various invasion attempts by the Marathas, Mughals, and Portuguese to capture Janjira.[26]

Ruins of Faria Bagh the Palace of Nizam Shahi rulers

Farah Bagh (also called as Faria Bagh) is situated in Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. It is a palace build by Nizam Shahi rulers in Ahmednagar.[27][28][29] Farah Bagh was the centrepiece of a huge palacial complex completed in 1583. It were the special possessions of the royal household and Murtaza

Nizam
Shah often retired here to play chess with a Delhi singer whom he called Fateh Shah and also built for him a separate mahal called Lakad Mahal in the garden.

"Tomb of Salabat Khan II"

List of rulers

Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan.[30]

The following is the list of the Nizam Shahi rulers of Ahmadnagar:[15]

  1. Ahmad Nizam Shah I
    (1490–1510)
  2. Burhan Nizam Shah I
    (1510–1553)
  3. Hussain Nizam Shah I (1553–1565)
  4. Murtaza Nizam Shah I (1565–1588)
  5. Hussain Nizam Shah II (1588–1589)
  6. Ismail Nizam Shah (1589–1591)
  7. Burhan Nizam Shah II (1591–1595)
  8. Bahadur Nizam Shah (1595–1600; under the regency of his great aunt Chand Bibi)
  9. Ahmad Nizam Shah II (1596)
  10. Murtaza Nizam Shah II (1600–1610)
  11. Burhan Nizam Shah III (1610–1631)
  12. Hussain Nizam Shah III (1631–1633)
  13. Murtaza Nizam Shah III (1633–1636)
  • Mughal historians and Emperors never referred to them as Nizam Shahs but rather as Nizam-ul-Mulk, since they were not recognised as equals.[citation needed]

Family tree

Notes

  1. ^ The flag of the Nizam Shahi dynasty of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate,the flag had a Quranic verse engraved: He will also give you another favour that you long for: help from Allah and an imminent victory. So give good news O Prophet to the believers.Quran, chapter 61, verse 13, As-Saff
  2. Chalukyas
    . Rama Raya sought to control the territory in his bid to gain popular legitimacy by establishing himself as the true heir to Chalukya sovereignty and glory. Other examples included retrofitting of decayed Chalukya complexes and bringing back Chalukya festivals.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ahmadnagar Sultanate.

References

  1. ISBN 0226742210
    .
  2. ISBN 9004061177
    .
  3. ^ Stan Goron and J.P. Goenka, The coins of the Indian sultanates : covering the area of present-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh (New Delhi : Munshiram Manoharlal, 2001).
  4. ^ Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal:Volume 44. Bishop's College Press. 1875. p. 38.
  5. ISBN 9780520042353
    .
  6. ISBN 9781784537944
    .
  7. ^
    ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4
    .
  8. ISBN 978-1-317-32127-9
    .
  9. ^ Ferishta, Mahomed Kasim (1829). History of the Rise of the Mahometan Power in India, till the year A.D. 1612 Volume III. Translated by Briggs, John. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green. p. 189.
  10. ^ The Glasgow Herald - Google News Archive Search. 28 January 1857. Retrieved 11 September 2020.
  11. ISBN 9789004264021
    .
  12. S2CID 219697794
    .
  13. ISBN 978-0-674-06736-3
    .
  14. ^
    ISBN 81-7276-407-1
    , pp.415–45
  15. ^
    ISBN 0-521-56321-6
    , p.274
  16. ^ Pushkar Sohoni. "Change and Memory in Farah Bagh, Ahmadnagar" in Journal of Deccan Studies, v. 5 no. 2 (Jul–Dec 2007), pp. 59–77.
  17. ^ Pushkar Sohoni. "Architecture of the Nizam Shahs" in Helen Philon (ed.), Silent Splendour: Palaces of the Deccan, 14th – 19th centuries (Mumbai: Marg Publications, 2010).
  18. ISBN 9788184957020
    .
  19. ^ Aftabi (1987). Mate, M.S.; Kulkarni, G.T. (eds.). Tarif-i-Husain Shah, Badshah Dakhan. Pune: Bharat Itihas Samshodhan Mandal.
  20. ^ Gode, P.K. (1944). "Sabaji Prataparaja, a protege of Burhan Nizam Shah of Ahmadnagar, and his works between 1500 and 1560". The Indian Historical Quarterly. 20: 96.
  21. ISBN 9780814767559
    .
  22. ^ Astarabadi (Firishtah), Muḥammad Qāsim Hindū Shāh. Briggs, John (ed.). History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power in India, vol 3. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green. p. 201.
  23. ^ Pushkar Sohoni. "Patterns of Faith: Mosque Typologies and Sectarian Affiliation in the Kingdom of Ahmadnagar" in David Roxburgh (ed.), Envisioning Islamic Art and Architecture: Essays in honor of Renata Holod (Leiden: Brill, 2014).
  24. ISBN 9780755606795
    .
  25. ^ Sohoni, Pushkar (2020). The Fort of Janjira. Greensboro, NC; Ahmedabad: University of North Carolina Ethiopian and East African Studies Project; Ahmedabad Sidi Heritage and Educational Center. pp. 167–183. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  26. ^ Kainthla, Anita (August 2011). "The Invincible Fort of Murud Janjira". India Currents. 25 (5): 56–57 – via ProQuest.
  27. ^ "How 16th-century Ahmednagar palace in Maharashtra stayed cool in summer". Hindustan Times. 26 May 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  28. ISBN 0521563216
    . Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  29. S2CID 164648431
    .
  30. ISBN 9788171569281
    . Retrieved 17 May 2015.

Further reading
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