Andrey Bogolyubsky
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Andrey Bogolyubsky (died 28 June 1174;[1] Russian: Андрей Ю́рьевич Боголюбский, romanized: Andrey Yuryevich Bogolyubsky, lit. Andrey Yuryevich of Bogolyubovo), was Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal from 1157[2] until his death. During repeated internecine wars between the princely clans, Andrey accompanied his father Yuri Dolgorukiy during a brief capture of Kiev in 1149. 20 years later, his son led the Sack of Kiev (1169).[3][4] He made efforts to elevate Vladimir on the Klyazma as the new centre of Kievan Rus'.[5] He was canonized as a saint in the Russian Orthodox Church in 1702.[6]
Biography
Andrey Bogolyubsky was born ca. 1111,[
Career
Andrey left Vyshgorod in 1155 and moved to
In 1169 Andrey's troops sacked Kiev, devastating it as never before.[4][10] After plundering the city,[11] stealing much religious artwork, which included the Byzantine "Mother of God" icon.[12] Andrey appointed his brother Gleb as prince of Kiev, in an attempt to unify his lands with Kiev.[13] Following his brother's death in 1171, Andrey became embroiled in a two-year war to maintain control over Kiev, which ended in his defeat.[13]
Andrey established for himself the right to receive tribute from the populations of the
Death
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg/220px-%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg)
After the 1169 capture of Kiev, the Yurievichi clan headed by Andrey temporarily dominated Kievan Rus' until his brother Gleb died in 1171, causing yet another succession crisis.[19] When the Rostislavichi of Smolensk and Iziaslavichi of Volhynia jointly secured the throne of Kiev, Andrey assembled another coalition and marched on Vyshhored in 1173, where the Yurievichi–Olgovichi forces of Suzdalia and Chernigov were utterly defeated.[20] This defeat, the expansion of his princely authority, and his conflicts with the upper nobility, the boyars, gave rise to a conspiracy that resulted in Bogolyubsky's death on the night of 28–29 June 1174, when twenty of them burst into his chambers and slew him in his bed.[21]}
According to the story of Andrey Bogolyubsky's death as recorded in the Kievan Chronicle of the Hypatian Codex (Ipatiev),[18] and the Radziwiłł Chronicle,[17] his "right hand" was cut off[18][17] by an assailant called "Peter" (Петръ):
- Church Slavonic: Петръ же ѿтѧ ему руку десную. кнѧзь же вьзрѣвъ. на н҃бо. и реч̑ Гс̑и в руцѣ твои предаю тобѣ дх҃ъ мои. и тако оуспе оубьенъ же быс̑ в суботу на нощь.[22], romanized: Petrŭ zhe ōtya emu ruku desnuju. knyazĭ zhe vĭzrěvŭ na nebo, i rech: Gospodi v rutsě tvoi predaju tobě dukhŭ moi. i tako ouspe oubĭenŭ zhe bys̑ v subotu na noshchĭ., lit.'And Peter took from him his right hand. The prince looked upon heaven and said: 'Lord, into your hands I commit my spirit.' And so was he taken away on Saturday night.'
However, the Radziwiłł Chronicle's adjoining miniature depicts his assailants cutting off his left arm.[17] Moreover, when Dmitry Gerasimovich Rokhlin examined the exhumed body of Andrey Bogolyubsky in 1965, he "found a lot of cut marks on the left humerus and forearm bones".[18] A 2009 special historical study by Russian historian A.V. Artcikhovsky (2009) would later confirm Rokhlin's observations.[18]
Descendants
With his wife, Andrey Bogolyubsky had one son, Yury Bogolyubsky, who became the husband of Queen Tamar of Georgia.[citation needed]
Legacy
- The ancient icon, Theotokos of Bogolyubovo, was painted in the 12th century at the request of Andrey Bogolyubsky.[24]
- Andrey had the castle, Bogolyubovo, built near Vladimir, and it would become his favorite residence[16]
- His victory over the Bulgars is remembered yearly during the Honey Feast of the Saviour.[citation needed]
Gallery
-
Grand Prince Saint Andrey Bogolyubsky, by Viktor Vasnetsov c. 1890
See also
- Andronikos I Komnenos
- Jesus Christ
References
- ^ Martin 2007, p. 112.
- ^ Martin 2007, p. xv.
- ^ a b c Martin 2007, p. xvi.
- ^ a b Plokhy 2006, p. 42.
- ^ a b Andrew I at the Encyclopædia Britannica "Andrew made Vladimir the centre of the grand principality and placed a series of his relatives on the now secondary princely throne of Kiev. Later he also compelled Novgorod to accept a prince of his choice. In governing his realm, Andrew not only demanded that the subordinate princes obey him but also tried to reduce the traditional political powers of the boyars (i.e., the upper nobility) within his hereditary lands. In response, his embittered courtiers formed a conspiracy and killed him."
- ^ "АНДРЕЙ ЮРЬЕВИЧ БОГОЛЮБСКИЙ". www.pravenc.ru. Retrieved 2022-05-29.
- ^ a b c Martin 2007, p. 92.
- ISBN 978-0-465-05091-8.
- ^ Martin 2007, p. 94.
- ISBN 9780521548113.
- ^ "Russian Rulers: Andrey Yurievich Bogolyubsky", Russia the Great, retrieved August 7, 2007
- ^ Martin 1995, p. 100.
- ^ a b Pelenski 1988, p. 776.
- ISBN 9781317973256.
- ISBN 9780300109122.
- ^ a b Martin 1995, p. 84.
- ^ a b c d e "Отсечение левой руки (!) и убийство Андрея Юрьевича Боголюбского заговорщиками-боярами при активном участии злокозненной жены князя". Runivers. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f Marquez-Grant & Fibiger 2011, p. 495.
- ^ Martin 2007, pp. 127–128.
- ^ Martin 2007, p. 128.
- ^ Martin 2007, pp. 112, 127–128.
- ^ Shakhmatov 1908, p. 589.
- ^ Iroshnikov, Kukushkina & Lurie 1989, p. 138.
- ^ ""Bogolyubov" Icon of the Mother of God". Orthodox Church in America. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Shakhmatov, Aleksey Aleksandrovich, ed. (1908). Ipat'evskaya letopis' Ипатьевская лѣтопись [The Hypatian Codex]. Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles (PSRL) (in Church Slavic and Russian). Vol. 2 (3rd ed.). Saint Petersburg: Typography of M. A. Aleksandrov / Izbornyk. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
- Iroshnikov, M. P.; Kukushkina, M. V.; Lurie, Y. S. (1989). Том Тридцать Восьмой: Радзивиловская Летопись [Volume Thirty-Eight: Radziwiłł Chronicle]. Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles (PSRL). M. D. Priselkov, O. P. Likhacheva, R. M. Mavrodina, E. K. Piotrovskaya. Leningrad (Saint Petersburg): Nauka. p. 179.
Literature
- Martin, Janet (1995). Medieval Russia: 980-1584. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521368322.
- Martin, Janet (2007). Medieval Russia: 980–1584. Second Edition. E-book. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-36800-4.
- Martin, Janet (2007). Medieval Russia: 980–1584. Second Edition. E-book. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Marquez-Grant, Nicholas; Fibiger, Linda (2011). The Routledge Handbook of Archaeological Human Remains and Legislation: An international guide to laws and practice in the excavation and treatment of archaeological human remains. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 800. ISBN 9781136879555. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
- Paszkiewicz. H. (1954). The Origin of Russia. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
- Pelenski, Jaroslaw (1987). "The Sack of Kiev of 1169: Its Significance for the Succession to Kievan Rus'". Harvard Ukrainian Studies. 11 (3). Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute: 303–316. JSTOR 41036277. Reprinted in Pelenski, The Contest for the Legacy of Kievan Rus'.
- Pelenski, Jaroslaw (1988). "The Contest for the "Kievan Succession" (1155–1175): The Religious-Ecclesiastical Dimension". Harvard Ukrainian Studies. 12/13: 776. JSTOR 41036344.
- Plokhy, Serhii (2006), The Origins of the Slavic Nations (PDF), Cambridge University Press, p. 42, ISBN 9780521864039, archived from the original(PDF) on March 29, 2017
External links
- Burial of St Andrew the Prince Orthodox synaxarion