Athletics (physical culture)
Athletics is a term encompassing the human
Athletic contests, as one of the earliest types of sport, are prehistoric and comprised a significant part of the
Athletics has gained significant importance at educational institutions; talented athletes may gain entry into
Etymology
The word athletics is derived from the Greek word "athlos" (ἄθλος), meaning "contest" or "task".[4] The Ancient Olympic Games were born of war and featured various forms of athletics such as running, jumping, boxing and wrestling competitions.[5]
In the modern
Biological factors
Gender and
Physical conditioning is a primary athletic function for competition. Most often, trainers utilize proven athletic principles to develop athletic qualities; these qualities include coordination, flexibility, precision, power, speed, endurance, balance, awareness efficiency, and timing.[8] While physical strength is prized over most other qualities in Western athletics,[9] it is forbidden in the physical conditioning of tai chi.[10][11]
Sports nutrition is the study and practice of nutrition and diet as they relate to athletic performance.[12] It is concerned with the type and quantity of fluid and food taken by an athlete, and deals with nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, supplements and organic substances such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Although an important part of many sports training regimens, it is most intensely applied in strength sports (such as weight lifting and bodybuilding) and endurance sports (for example cycling, running, swimming).
Training and coaching
Athletes first learn basic movement patterns such as running, stopping, jumping and throwing. Coaches help athletes refine these movements into
where players carry out specific tasks to coordinate a team effort of attack or defense.Technical training may also include teaching the rules and restrictions of a sport or game.[13]
Not only must coaches be able to teach technical form, but recognize and correct problems with a teams' or an athlete's technique and conditioning. This is done by listening, observing and building trust with the athlete. Recent advancements in video technology can provide accurate biomechanical data to optimize the form, precision, timing, efficiency and power of an athlete's movements.[15]
Critical to a team's or an athlete's success is a
Amateurs and professionals
Professional sports are sports in which athletes receive payment for their performance. Professional athletics is seen by some as a contradiction of the central ethos of the sport since the competition is performed for its own sake and pure enjoyment rather than as a means of earning a living.
Organizations
- International Olympic Committee
- National Collegiate Athletic Association
- Amateur Athletic Union
- Union des Sociétés Françaises de Sports Athlétiques
- World Athletics
- Chin Woo Athletic Association
- National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics
- Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women
See also
References
- ^ "Athletics". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. December 2013. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
- ^ "Archived copy, Athletic Movement Skills". Archived from the original on 2012-03-26. Retrieved 2011-06-26.
- ISBN 0-520-08095-5.
- ^ "Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ἆθλος". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2022-05-19.
- ^ Lendering, Jona. "Peloponnesian War". Livius, Articles on Ancient History. Archived from the original on 13 February 2010.
- ISBN 978-1-58394-242-0.
- ^ Gray, Sadie. "Body and Soul". The Times. London.
- ISBN 0-89750-048-2.
- ISBN 0-07-134381-4.
- ISBN 0-8016-5031-3.
- ISBN 1-55566-117-3.
- ^ Eberle, S. G. "Endurance sports nutrition". Fitness Magazine. 24 (6): 25.
- ISBN 1-59477-160-X.
- ISBN 978-0-697-06351-9.
- ^ "Archived copy:Basic Concepts in Sports Biomechanics". Archived from the original on 2011-10-28. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
- ^ "Archived copy: The Effects of Mental Imagery on Athletic Performance". Archived from the original on 2011-06-07. Retrieved 2011-06-26.
- ^ "skinnybulkup.com". skinnybulkup.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-05-19.
External links
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 846–849. .
- Athletic Scholarships
- NCAA Title IX Important Facts