Atri

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This article is about the Vedic sage. For other uses, see Atri (disambiguation).

Atri
Anusuya talks with his wife Sita
AffiliationBrahmarshi
Personal information
Parents
SpouseAnasuya
ChildrenDurvasa, Chandra and Dattatreya

Atri or Attri is a Vedic sage, who is credited with composing numerous hymns to

Saptarishi (seven great Vedic sages) in the Hindu tradition, and the one most mentioned in its scripture Rigveda.[1]

The fifth Mandala (Book 5) of the Rigveda is called the Atri Mandala in his honour, and the eighty seven hymns in it are attributed to him and his descendants.[2]

Atri is also mentioned in the

Puranas and the Hindu epics of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata.[3][4]

Legend

Atri statue at Atreyapuram village of AP.

Atri is one of the seven great Rishis or

Ganga down to earth, the mention of which is found in the Shiva Purana.[6]

He is said to be a resident of the south in Valmiki Ramayana.[7] The same is supported by Puranic tradition.

Seer of Rig Veda

A Bhagavata Purana manuscript page depicting the story of Atri and Anasuya meeting the Trimurti (PhP 4.1.21–25) (paper, late 18th century, Jaipur)

He is the seer of the fifth Mandala (Book 5) of the

Asvins.[8] Two hymns each are dedicated to Ushas (the dawn) and to Savitr. Most hymns in this book are attributed to the Atri clan composers, called the Atreyas.[4]

The Atri hymns of the Rigveda are significant for their melodic structure as well as for featuring spiritual ideas in the form of riddles. These hymns include lexical, syntactic, morphological and verb play utilizing the flexibility of the Sanskrit language.[9] The hymn 5.44 of the Rigveda in Atri Mandala is considered by scholars such as Geldner to be the most difficult riddle hymn in all of the Rigveda.[10] The verses are also known for their elegant presentation of natural phenomenon through divinely inspired poems, such as poetically presenting dawn as a cheerful woman in hymn 5.80.[9]

While the fifth mandala is attributed to Atri and his associates, sage Atri is mentioned or credited with numerous other verses of the Rigveda in other Mandalas, such as 10.137.4.[11]

Ramayana

In the Ramayana, Rama, Sita and Lakshmana visit Atri and Anasuya in their hermitage. Atri's hut is described to be in Chitrakuta,[4] near a lake with divine music and songs, the water loaded with flowers, green water leaves, with many "cranes, fisherbirds, floating tortoises, swans, frogs and pink geese".[3]

Puranas

A number of sages named Atri are mentioned in the various medieval era Puranas. The legends therein about Atri are diverse and inconsistent. It is unclear if these refer to the same person, or to different Rishis who had the same name.[4]

Cultural influence

Left to right: Atri, Bhrigu, Vikhanasa, Marichi and Kashyapa.

The

Vaikhanasas sub-tradition within Vaishnavism found in South India near Tirupati, credit their theology to four Rishis (sages), namely Atri, Marichi, Bhrigu and Kashyapa. One of the ancient texts of this tradition is Atri Samhita, which survives in highly inconsistent fragments of manuscripts.[12] The text are rules of conduct aimed at Brahmins of the Vaikhanasas tradition.[13]
The surviving parts of the Atri Samhita suggest that the text discussed, among other things, yoga, and ethics of living, with precepts such as:

Self restraint:

  • If material or spiritual pain is created by others, and one is not offended and does not wreak revenge, it is called Dama.

Charity:

  • Even with limited income, something should be given away daily with care and liberal spirit. This is called Dana.

Compassion:

  • One should behave like his own self, towards others, his own relations and friends, him who envies him, and even his enemy. This is called Daya.
— Atri Samhita, Translated by MN Dutt[14]

The Vaikhanasas continue to be a significant community in South India, and they adhere to their Vedic heritage.[15]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Atri (sage).

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 978-0-7914-3696-7
    .
  2. ISBN 978-0-19-937018-4
    .
  3. ^
    ISBN 978-1-317-23877-5
    .
  4. ^
    ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6
    .
  5. ISBN 978-0-7914-3696-7
    .
  6. ISBN 81-7505-356-9
    .
  7. ISBN 9789333119597
    .
  8. ISBN 978-0-19-937018-4
    .
  9. ^
    ISBN 978-0-19-937018-4
    .
  10. ISBN 978-0-19-937018-4
    .
  11. ISBN 978-0-19-937018-4
    .
  12. ISBN 978-81-208-1087-7
    .
  13. ^ Atri (Mahaṛiṣi.); V. Raghunathachakravarti Bhattacharya; Mānavalli Rāmakr̥ṣṇakavi (1943). Samurtarchanadhikarana (Atri-samhita). Tirumalai-Tirupati Devasthanams Press.
  14. ^ Manmatha Nath Dutt (1908). Yâjnawalkya Samhitâ. Hârita Samhitâ. Us'ana Samhitâ. Angiras Samhitâ. Yama Samhitâ. Atri Samhitâ. Samvarta Samhitâ. Kâtyayana Samhitâ. Vrihaspati Samhitâ. Daksha Samhitâ. Sâtâtapa Samhitâ. Likhita Samhitâ. Vyâsa Samhitâ. Elysium Press. p. 291.
  15. ^ J. Gonda (1977), Religious Thought and Practice in Vaikhānasa Viṣṇuism, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Cambridge University Press, Volume 40, Number 3, pages 550-571

Sources

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