Beed
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Beed | ||
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City | ||
Precipitation 666 millimetres (26.2 in) | | |
Avg. summer temperature | 40 °C (104 °F) | |
Avg. winter temperature | 15 °C (59 °F) | |
Website | beed |
Beed (Marathi pronunciation: [biːɖ]) is a city in Marathwada region of Maharashtra state in India. It is the administrative headquarters in the Beed district.[2]
History
Beed is a historical city of possibly medieval origin. Its early history is obscure. Historians speculate, based on archaeological remains, that the city might have been founded by the Yadava rulers (1173–1317) of Devagiri (
Foundation and name
The early history of Beed is unknown and there are contradictions in the historical accounts concerning its foundation and early history. According to legend, Beed was an inhabited place in the period of
Tārīkh-e-Bīr (history of Beed) mentions that Muhammad bin Tughluq named it Bir (Arabic بئر meaning 'well') after building a fort and several wells in and around the city. Ground water was abundant in the city and when wells were built, water was found just several feet down.[1][4][5] Until recent times, wells were abundant in the city. They became less important due to a modern system of water supply, hence subsequently most of them were filled. It is unclear as to how the present name Beed came into use. There are at least two different traditions. The first tradition says that since the district is situated at the foot of Balaghat Range as if it is in a hole, it was named as Bil (बील Marathi for hole) which in course of time corrupted to Bid. According to the second tradition a Yavana (यवण) ruler of ancient India named it Bhir (Persian ٻھېڔ for water)[6] after finding water at a very low depth[1] and Bhir might have become Beed in course of time. The first tradition seems to be untrue, because with no angle,[clarification needed] the entire district can be called a 'hole'. Only the north eastern part of the district is at lower heights and a vast area of 10,615 km2 can not be called a 'hole' just because of slight depression. Furthermore, Bil (बील hole) in Marathi is spoken for a deep and narrow hole and not for a slight depression.
The second tradition though have some distortion, appears to be true and in accord with Tārīkh-e-Bīr of Quazi Muhammad Qutubullah (1898). The word 'Yavana' in early
In mythology
According to legend, when
Early history
Early history of the Beed is obscure until it became part of Tughluq empire. If the city was founded in Yadava era then possibly it happened in king Singhana's (1210–47) period, when
In 1347 Beed came under Bahmani rule when
1600 to 1858
After the decline of Bahmani Sultanate, the city fell to Nizam Shahi rulers of Ahmadnagar. Several wars were fought in Beed between Nizam Shahi and Adil Shahi rulers of
Aurangzeb (1658–1707), appointed Haji Sadar Shah in Beed as Naib-e-Subadar (assistant of governor). Sadar Shah did some good changes and constructions in the city. He built Eid Gah (place of Eid prayer) in 1702 and a new habitation on the heights in the eastern part as Ghazi Pura (now Islam Pura) in 1703. The remains of it are still visible. He also constructed a citadel (1703) inside the old fort which was worn out after standing for several hundred years, from Tughluq period. A stone plate in Persian script at the main entry of Jama Masjid sets the year of construction of citadel by Haji Sadar Shah in the year 1115 AH (1703). In his period economy of the city also flourished. Chhagal (water container made from leather), Gupti (hidden sword in wooden stick) etc. made in Beed were popular in the region.[5] Beed was quite a beautiful city during Bahmanis and Mughals. Tārīkh-e-Bīr mentions many gardens and amenities of these periods. Until the 1960s there were two well maintained gardens in the city. In 1724 Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah founded Asaf Jahi kingdom, seizing Deccan against the rule of Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah (1719–48). In Nizams' era no major addition or construction was done to the citadel because the old building was serving the purpose and the citadels were losing importance with the advent of modern fighting techniques.
1858 to Present
Another rebellion broke in 1858 but all the rebels were captured. After this many small incidents of defiance happened against
Topography
Location
Beed is situated on the
Climate
The city has
Climate data for Beed (1981–2010, extremes 1960–1996) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 35.0 (95.0) |
38.4 (101.1) |
43.6 (110.5) |
44.6 (112.3) |
47.0 (116.6) |
44.3 (111.7) |
38.9 (102.0) |
38.8 (101.8) |
37.8 (100.0) |
37.7 (99.9) |
34.6 (94.3) |
34.0 (93.2) |
47.0 (116.6) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.0 (86.0) |
32.4 (90.3) |
36.3 (97.3) |
39.0 (102.2) |
40.7 (105.3) |
35.1 (95.2) |
30.6 (87.1) |
30.0 (86.0) |
30.5 (86.9) |
31.2 (88.2) |
29.8 (85.6) |
28.9 (84.0) |
32.8 (91.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.8 (56.8) |
15.0 (59.0) |
19.0 (66.2) |
22.7 (72.9) |
25.2 (77.4) |
24.4 (75.9) |
23.3 (73.9) |
22.6 (72.7) |
22.0 (71.6) |
19.7 (67.5) |
15.5 (59.9) |
13.0 (55.4) |
19.7 (67.5) |
Record low °C (°F) | 4.0 (39.2) |
4.6 (40.3) |
9.4 (48.9) |
13.0 (55.4) |
16.5 (61.7) |
20.2 (68.4) |
19.8 (67.6) |
18.0 (64.4) |
15.7 (60.3) |
10.5 (50.9) |
5.0 (41.0) |
5.0 (41.0) |
4.0 (39.2) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 6.1 (0.24) |
2.5 (0.10) |
7.1 (0.28) |
9.7 (0.38) |
24.8 (0.98) |
119.0 (4.69) |
109.2 (4.30) |
124.8 (4.91) |
212.4 (8.36) |
83.2 (3.28) |
10.4 (0.41) |
10.3 (0.41) |
719.7 (28.33) |
Average rainy days | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 6.5 | 7.4 | 7.2 | 9.9 | 4.3 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 40.6 |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST )
|
38 | 31 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 51 | 64 | 66 | 65 | 53 | 46 | 44 | 45 |
Source: India Meteorological Department[18][19] |
Demographics
At the time of the 2011 census, Beed Municipal Council has a population of 146,709. Males are 75,566 and females 71,143, for a sex ratio of 941 females per 1000 males. 13.60% of the population is under 6 years of age, and the child sex ratio is 854. Beed has a literacy rate of 89.34%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 9.51% and 0.90% of the population respectively.[20]
Death rate is 3 which is lower than the national average of 8.2. Infant mortality rate is 71 per thousand live births which is much higher than the national average of 54.6 deaths for thousand live births. Maternal mortality rate however, is 1 which is extremely lower than the national average of 540.[21] Beed district has got the lowest sex ratio in Maharashtra State. Beed has the lowest male-female sex ratio in the age group of 0–6 years (801 as against 1000 male children) as per the 2011 census. Maharashtra's sex ratio in the age group of 0–6 years is 883 girls as against 1000 boys.[22]
Even this small town is an evidence of India's religious and cultural diversity. 69.15 km2 of land is home for Hindu, Muslim,
At the time of the 2011 census, 52.35% of the population spoke Marathi, 35.47% Urdu, 7.80% Hindi and 2.32% Marwari as their first language.[24]
Culture
There are no public places in the city except cinema halls and a small, little maintained garden. Till few years back there were seven cinema halls, but now in 2018 only two are remaining; namely 'Asha' and 'Santoshimata'. Two parks were maintained until 1969 by the municipal council.[1]
Economy
Beed has a growing economy with a rapid growth. In 1997, Sarma committee listed Beed as one of the 100 most rapid growing districts in
Health
Beed was in the international news in August 1994 for the outbreak of
Media and communication
More than a dozen Marathi and two Urdu dailys are published from the city. Beed Reporter (newspaper), Champavati Patra, Lok Prashna, Lokasha, Parshv Bhumi and Zunjar Neta are major Marathi dailies.alhilal times one and only Urdu news paper daily published Local and regional news, crime stories and articles on local issues and politics are common features of the dailies. Marathi, Urdu, Hindi and English dailies including national dailies publishing from different cities of India also have consumers in city. No magazines are published in the city, but all the major national magazines do have readers.
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), a state owned telephone service provider, has more than 15,000 customers. It has also introduced broadband internet lines.
Some enthusiasts have started a local cable channel ‘Beed News’. It provides local news coverage and plays movies rest of the time.
All India Radio Beed, at FM 102.9 MHz,[29] broadcasts news, film and folk music, programmes of Vividh Bharti and programmes based on agriculture and health education.
Issues and challenges in the 21st century
Beed district as a whole —
- Population below poverty line = 32.4%
- Sex ratio = 912 (rural) ♀/♂
- Estimated coverage of safe drinking water (habitations) = 66.1%
- Villages not connected by paved roads = 52.82%[30]
Beed town —
Beed has a long history as a neglected and backward area. Industrial and economic backwardness, lack of good transport facility, electricity and literacy were the issues in the 1960s and they are the same even today.
The district ranks 143rd in literacy in India based on IndianNgos.com research and analysis of 586 districts throughout India.[33][34] On Human Development Index (HDI), using UNDP method, Beed ranks 18th out of 30 districts in the State of Maharashtra, with 0.47 HDI. It is 7th poorest district in the state with Human Poverty Index (HPI) of 21.21.[35] Deforestation, desertification, frequent droughts, shrinking water reservoirs and extreme shortages of drinking water, especially in rural areas are major issues which needs urgent attention. Beed district, according to the official statistics, has only 2.47% forest area, that too of lower quality.[3] Attitude of people is the major concern. As the literacy is quite low, bringing change starts with change in the outlook and behaviour of people.
Historical buildings
Beed is home to several historical buildings,[36] some of the noteworthy are:
The Kanakaleshwar Temple which is one of old temples in beed. It is a temple of Lord Shiva. It is surrounded by water from all sides.
The
The Jama Masjid (Grand Mosque) is a Masjid situated in the centre of the city at Quila (fort) and is one of the largest Masjids of Beed city. It was built during the period of
The Shahinshah Wali tomb: Shahinshah Wali was a
The Mansur Shah tomb: Mansur Shah was 18th century Sufi of Suharwardy clan of Sufis. He is said to be a Dharma Guru (spiritual teacher) of Mahadji Scindia. His tomb is in the eastern part of Beed near Khandeshwari temple. The dome of the shrine is made of marble.[4]
Notable people
- Sundarrao Solanke, Indian politician who served as Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra state
- Gopinath Munde, senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
- Pankaja Munde, Indian politician belonging to the Bharatiya Janata Party
- Dhananjay Munde, member of Maharashtra Legislative Council, representing the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP)
- Prakashdada Solanke, three times MLA from the Majalgaon Constituency
- Suresh Dhas, member of the Maharashtra Legislative Council and former state minister Maharashtra
- Vimal Mundada, Indian politician belonging to the Nationalist Congress Party
- Sanjay Bangar, cricket player and coach[37]
- Govind Bhanudas Gaikwad - first neurosurgeon from Majalgaon Taluka District Beed[citation needed]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g "Gazetteers Department – Bhir". maharashtra.gov.in (Government of Maharashtra). Archived from the original on 24 February 2007. Retrieved 27 February 2007.
- ^ "Maharashtra India". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
- ^ a b c "New Page 4". beed.nic.in. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 4 March 2007.
- ^ a b c d e f Nathapuri, Abdul Hamīd (1998). Zilla Bīr Kī Tārīkh (History of Beed District) (in Urdu). Asian Printing Press, Gulshan Colony, Jogeshwari (W) Mumbai.
- ^ a b c d Quazi M. Q. Bīri (1898). Tārīkh e Bīr (History of Beed) (in Urdu). Quazi M. Q. Bīri. p. 90.
- ISBN 978-0-19-188291-3.
- ^ "Yavana". Encyclopædia Britannica 2007 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2007.
- ^ Firishta, Muhammad Qasim (1829). History of The Rise of The Mahomedan Power in India. John Briggs (translation from original persian text). Longman, London. Volume I, Page 424.
- ^ a b c d e "Bhir District". The Imperial Gazetteer of India. Oxford, Clarendon Press. 1908. pp. 114–117 (volume 8). Retrieved 26 April 2007.
- ^ "Gazetteers Department – Bhir". maharashtra.gov.in (Government of Maharashtra). Archived from the original on 24 February 2007. Retrieved 27 February 2007.
- ^ a b Rizvi, S. M. Jawwād (1992). Riyāsat e Hyderābād mein Jadd o Jahd e Āzādi 1800 – 1900 (Freedom struggle in the state of Hyderabad 1800 – 1900) (in Urdu). Bureau for Promotion of Urdu Language, Ministry of Human Resource Development, India. p. 79.
- ^ "Gazetteers Department – Bhir". maharashtra.gov.in (Government of Maharashtra). Archived from the original on 24 February 2007. Retrieved 27 February 2007.
- ^ "From the Sundarlal Report". Frontline. 3–16 March 2001. Retrieved 7 March 2007.
- ^ Noorani, A. G. (3–16 March 2001). "Of a massacre untold". Frontline. Archived from the original on 20 November 2005. Retrieved 7 March 2007.
- ^ "Gazetteers Department – Bhir". maharashtra.gov.in (Government of Maharashtra). Archived from the original on 24 February 2007. Retrieved 27 February 2007.
- ^ "Amateur Seismic Centre – Pune". Amateur Seismic Centre – Pune. Retrieved 4 March 2007.
- ^ "Gazetteers Department – Bhir". maharashtra.gov.in (Government of Maharashtra). Archived from the original on 24 February 2007. Retrieved 27 February 2007.
- ^ "Station: Bir (Beed) Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 153–154. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
- ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M139. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
- ^ "District Census Hand Book – Beed" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ "Empower Poor.Com". Empower Poor.Com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2007. Retrieved 20 April 2007.
- ^ "Mah govt worried over skewed sex ratio in Beed; meet on May 20, IBN Live News". IBN Live. Archived from the original on 15 October 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
- ^ a b "Table C-01 Population By Religious Community: Maharashtra". census.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ a b "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Maharashtra (Town level)". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ "www.mah.nic.in/beed_district/dicothe.html". Government of Maharashtra. Archived from the original on 14 April 2009. Retrieved 17 November 2007.
- ^ a b c Srinivasan, S. "Marathwada Profile". Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 5 February 2007. Retrieved 26 February 2007.
- ^ Kamdar, S. & Basak, A. "District Domestic Product of Maharashtra 2011-12 to 2019-20" (PDF). DIRECTORATE OF ECONOMICS & STATISTICS, PLANNING DEPARTMENT, GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA, MUMBAI. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
- ^ Deodhar/ Yemul/ Banerjee (1998). Plague that never was: A review of the alleged Plague outbreaks in India in 1994. Journal of Public Health Policy, Vol. 19, No. 2.
- ^ Alan G. Davies. "Radio Stations in Maharashtra – India". Asiawaves. Archived from the original on 27 February 2007. Retrieved 4 March 2007.
- ^ "Empower Poor.Com". Empower Poor.Com. Archived from the original on 22 August 2007. Retrieved 27 February 2007.
- ^ "Gazetteers Department of Beed district". maharashtra.gov.in (Government of Maharashtra). Archived from the original on 24 February 2007. Retrieved 27 February 2007.
- ^ "Beed Records Highest Power Theft". Ramachandran, Anupama. NDTV.com. 6 March 2006.
- ^ "IndianNGOs.com". IndianNGOs.com. Retrieved 1 March 2007.[dead link]
- ^ "IndianNGOs.com". IndianNGOs.com. Archived from the original on 9 March 2007. Retrieved 1 March 2007.
- ^ Kamdar, S. & Basak, A. "Beyond the Human Development Index, Preliminary Notes on Deprivation and Inequality" (PDF). Mumbai University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2006. Retrieved 27 February 2007.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 August 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Jawalekar, Chinmay (11 October 2017). "Sanjay Bangar: 16 facts about India's batting coach who once played for the country". Cricket County.
Further reading
- Qazi, M. Q. Bīri (1898): Tārīkh-e-Bīr (History of Beed in Urdu).
- Nathapuri, Abdul Hamīd (1998): Zila Bīr Kī Tarīkh (History of Beed District in Urdu). Asian Printing Press, Gulshan Colony, Jogeshwari (W) Mumbai.
- Gazette of Beed district (1969) Gazetteers department–Bhir (Beed). Out of print but available online at the government of Maharashtra web site.
- Official website of Beed district
- The Imperial Gazetteer of India. New edition, published under the authority of His Majesty's secretary of state for India in council. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1908–1931. Editors – Hunter, William Wilson, Sir, 1840–1900 /Cotton, James Sutherland, 1847–1918 ed./Burn, Richard, Sir, 1871–1947 joint ed./Meyer, William Stevenson, Sir, 1860–1922. joint ed.
- From the Sundarlal Report[usurped] Frontline, Volume 18, Issue 05, 3–16 March 2001
- Noorani, A. G. Of a Massacre Untold.[usurped] Frontline, Volume 18, Issue 05, 3–16 March 2001