Capital punishment in Mexico
Capital punishment in Mexico was officially outlawed on 15 March 2005, having not been used in civil cases since 1957, and in military cases since 1961. Mexico is the world's most populous country to have completely abolished the death penalty.
History
There is significant history of abolitionism in Mexico, dating back to the 19th century. Following the
The last non-military execution in Mexico was in 1957 in Sonora, and the last military execution (of a soldier charged with insubordination and murder) in 1961,[3] so the official abolition of the military death penalty in 2005 and of the civil death penalty in 1976 lagged the de facto cessations by 44 and 19 years, respectively.[4]
Mexico is a majority
In 2003, the State of Mexico voted in a nonbinding referendum regarding the death penalty. 82% of the 806,416 people who voted, voted Yes for the death penalty on crimes of murder, kidnapping, child theft and violent assaults.[6][7][8]
In a debate during the
Mexican drug war
The Mexican drug war has fueled rising rates of violent crimes such as kidnapping and murder, prompting a reemergence of capital punishment into the political discourse. The Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM), waged a campaign to promote restoration of the death penalty, including the use of billboards,[10] as part of promotion of the party for the 2009 election for seats in Congress. There have been proposals to amend the 1917 Constitution to allow capital punishment from both the PVEM and the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), but both were rejected.[10][11] Surveys in 2009 suggested that up to 70% of the population supported the restoration of the death penalty, however it is unlikely that the constitution will be changed, as both religious and human rights groups have strongly opposed restoration.[12]
A 2017 poll study found younger Mexicans are more likely to support capital punishment.[13]
Constitution: Article 22
Cruel and unusual punishment is prohibited. Specifically, penalties of death, mutilation, infamy, marks, physical punishments, torments, excessive fines, confiscation of assets, and others are abolished.
Confiscation of assets does not include the application of said assets to pay for civil responsibilities caused by a crime, or when used to pay taxes or other fines. Nor will it be confiscation when said assets are part of illegal activities, or when they are related to organized crime, or when proof of ownership cannot be established.
International relations
In 1981, Mexico
In 2002,
In 2003 Mexico filed a complaint against the United States at the International Court of Justice, alleging that the US had contravened the Vienna Convention by not allowing 54 Mexicans sentenced to death to receive consular assistance.[21]
See also
References
- ^ a b c Sarat & Boulanger 2005, pp. 69–85
- ^ Constitución Política de la República Mexicana de 1857 (PDF), 1857, archived from the original (PDF) on 23 May 2012, retrieved 2 August 2009
- ^ Gibbs, Stephen (4 February 2009), "Death penalty debate grows in Mexico", BBC News, archived from the original on 11 February 2009, retrieved 2 August 2009
- ^ Clarke & Whitt 2007, pp. 44–45
- INEGI, 2000, archived from the original(PDF) on 25 September 2007, retrieved 2 August 2009
- ^ https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-feb-19-fg-mexico19-story.html
- ^ https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-feb-18-fg-briefs18.4-story.html
- ^ https://www.starnewsonline.com/story/news/2003/02/16/mexico-state-to-hold-poll-on-death-penalty/30508450007/
- ^ "Ciudadanos quieren pena de muerte para narcos y asesinos, asegura 'El Bronco'". Reporte Indigo. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
- ^ VOA News, retrieved 2 August 2009[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Wilkinson, Tracy (5 December 2008), "MEXICO UNDER SIEGE: Some in Mexico want the death penalty reinstated", Los Angeles Times, archived from the original on 24 September 2009, retrieved 2 August 2009
- ^ Gibbs, Stephen (23 February 2009), "Mexico to rethink death penalty", BBC News, archived from the original on 19 February 2009, retrieved 2 August 2009
- ^ "Study examines death penalty support in Mexico". phys.org. Archived from the original on 28 December 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
- ^ American Convention on Human Rights Archived 18 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine, art 4.2 ratified 2 Mar. 1981.
- ^ Bonello, Deborah (10 December 2008), "Death penalty advertisements in Mexico", Los Angeles Times, archived from the original on 14 June 2009, retrieved 2 August 2009
- ^ Lloyd, Marion (28 February 2009), To live or die in Mexico, GlobalPost, archived from the original on 23 April 2009, retrieved 2 August 2009
- Huffington Post, archivedfrom the original on 9 February 2009, retrieved 2 August 2009
- ^ Curtis, Kimberly (13 July 2009), Death Penalty Gaining Support in Mexico, Foreign Policy Association, archived from the original on 23 July 2009, retrieved 2 August 2009
- ^ "U.S. fugitives in Mexico spared death penalty: FBI, N.C. and Mexican officials on hunt for Marine slaying suspect", NBC News, Associated Press, 18 January 2008, retrieved 2 August 2009
- ^ Knowlton, Brian (16 August 2002), "Fox echoes world on the death penalty : Execution pits Mexico against U.S.", The New York Times, archived from the original on 20 May 2013, retrieved 2 August 2009
- ^ Pieter H.F. Bekker (16 January 2003). "World Court Consular Notification and Death Penalty Challenge Revisited: Mexico v. United States". American Society of International Law. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
Sources
- Clarke, Alan William; Whitt, Laurelyn (2007), The bitter fruit of American justice, ISBN 978-1-55553-682-4
- Sarat, Austin; Boulanger, Christian (2005), The cultural lives of capital punishment, ISBN 978-0-8047-5234-3
- Sarre, Rick; Das, Dilip K.; Albrecht, Hans-Jörg (2005), Policing corruption, ISBN 978-0-7391-0809-3
- Ackoff, Russell Lincoln (1994), The democratic corporation, ISBN 978-0-19-508727-7
- Ewell, Gordan F. (2005), Mexico: migration, U.S. economic issues and counter narcotic efforts, ISBN 978-1-59454-650-1