Chancellor of the High Court

The Chancellor of the High Court is the head of the

President of the King's Bench Division

.

From 1813 to 1841, the solitary and from 1841 to 1875, the three

Court of Appeal above in 1881). Each would occasionally hear cases alone or make declarations on paper applications alone. Partly due to the old system of many pre-pleadings, pleadings, and hearings before most cases would reach Chancery the expense and duration of proceedings was pilloried in art and literature before the reforms of the late 19th century. Charles Dickens set Bleak House around raised hopes in (Jarndyce and Jarndyce) a near-incomprehensible, decades-long case in Chancery, involving a decision on an increasingly old will

which was rendered useless as all of the deceased's wealth was – unknowingly to the prospective beneficiaries – absorbed in legal costs. Reform swiftly followed.

Certain 1870s to 1899 Acts (the Judicature Acts) merged the courts of law and those of equity and enacted a halt to the position of vice-chancellor – which lasted from 1875 until 1971.

From 1971 until October 2005,^[1] the revived high judicial office was called the Vice-Chancellorship (and the judge bore the title Vice-Chancellor). The holder nominally acted as the Lord Chancellor's deputy in the English legal system and as head of the Chancery Division. The key duties of this judge have not changed in substance since 1971.

Ireland

An equivalent position existed in Ireland between 1867 and 1904 (Vice-Chancellor of Ireland) when the office was abolished. Throughout that period it was held by Hedges Eyre Chatterton (who was born in Cork and died in 1910 aged 91).

Vice-chancellors, 1813–1875

Because of an increase in caseload in the

George Turner), but again with the caveat (that proved temporary) that no future successor could be appointed. The caveat was lifted by an Act of 1852 so the number became fixed at three until the next major court reforms.^[2]

After the Judicature Acts, which merged the Court of Chancery and various other courts into the new High Court of Justice, came into force, new vice-chancellors were not appointed: new judges of the Chancery Division became styled "Mr. Justice ..." like other High Court judges (adopting the style of the pre-merger common law courts).

10 April 1813: Sir Thomas Plumer^[3]
17 January 1818: Sir John Leach^[4]
2 May 1827: Sir Anthony Hart^[5]
31 October 1827: Sir Lancelot Shadwell^[6]
28 October 1841 – 1851: Sir
James Lewis Knight-Bruce^[7]

28 October 1841 – 1850: Sir James Wigram^[7]
2 November 1850 – 1851: Sir
Robert Monsey Rolfe^[8] (The Lord Cranworth from 12 December 1850)^[9]

2 April 1851 – 1853: Sir
George Turner^[10]

20 October 1851 – 1866: Sir Richard Torin Kindersley^[11]
20 October 1851 – 1852: Sir James Parker^[11]
20 September 1852 – 1871: Sir John Stuart^[12]
10 January 1853 – 1868: Sir William Wood^[13]
1 December 1866 – 1881: Sir Richard Malins^[14]
13 March 1868 – 1869: Sir George Markham Giffard^[15]
2 January 1869 – 1870: Sir William Milbourne James^[16]
4 July 1870 – 1886: Sir James Bacon^[17]
18 April 1871 – 1873: Sir John Wickens^[18]
11 November 1873 – 1882: Sir
Charles Hall^[19]

Vice-chancellors, 1971–2005

A new judicial post of Vice-Chancellor (its last holder having been that of 1882) was created by section 5 of the Administration of Justice Act 1970, which came into effect on 1 October 1971. Under its provisions the Vice-Chancellor was appointed by the Lord Chancellor (president of the Chancery Division). He became responsible to the latter for administering the division.^[20] The Senior Courts Act 1981 made the position one appointed by the Queen (like the President of the Family Division)^[21] and made the Vice-Chancellor vice-president of the Chancery Division.^[22]

1971: Sir John Pennycuick
1974: Sir Anthony Plowman^[23]
1976: Sir Robert Megarry
3 June 1985: Sir
Nicolas Browne-Wilkinson^[24]

1 October 1991: Sir Donald Nicholls^[25]
3 October 1994: Sir Richard Scott^[26]
17 July 2000: Sir Andrew Morritt^[27] (Chancellor of the High Court after the relevant provisions of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 came into effect on 1 October 2005.)