Charles V, Duke of Lorraine
Charles V | |
---|---|
Duke of Lorraine and Bar | |
Reign | 18 September 1675 – 18 April 1690 |
Predecessor | Charles IV |
Successor | Leopold |
Born | Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, Holy Roman Empire | 3 April 1643
Died | 18 April 1690 Wels, Archduchy of Austria, Holy Roman Empire | (aged 47)
Spouse | |
Issue among others… | |
Father | Austro-Turkish War (1663–64)
Franco-Dutch War (1672–1678)
Great Turkish War (1683–1697)
Nine Years War (1688-1697) |
Awards | Order of the Golden Fleece (1678) |
Charles V, Duke of Lorraine and Bar (French: Charles Léopold Nicolas Sixte; German: Karl V Leopold; 3 April 1643 – 18 April 1690) succeeded his uncle Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine as titular Duke of Lorraine and Bar in 1675; both duchies were occupied by France from 1634 to 1661 and 1670 to 1697.
Born in exile in Vienna, Charles spent his military career in the service of the Habsburg monarchy. He played an important role in the 1683-1696 Turkish War, which reasserted Habsburg power in south-east Europe, and ended his life as an Imperial Field Marshal.
Life
Charles was born on 3 April 1643 in
Charles became heir to the Duchy on the death of his elder brother Ferdinand Philippe (1639–1659). In 1678, he married
They had four children who survived infancy; his heir Leopold, Duke of Lorraine (1679–1729), Charles Joseph (1680–1715), Joseph Emanuel (1685–1705) and François Antoine (1689–1715). His grandson, Francis I (1708-1765), became Holy Roman Emperor in 1745.
His cousin
Career
Charles, who always called himself Carolus, was destined for a career in the church as a younger son. In 1648 he became provost of Saint-Dié and in 1649 abbot of Gorze Abbey. However, the death of his older brother Ferdinand in 1659 made him heir to Lorraine and Bar. He resigned from his church offices and switched to a military career.
Charles was engaged to
When France re-occupied Lorraine in 1670, both Charles and his uncle fought in the Imperial Army during the 1672–1678 Franco-Dutch War. He was wounded at the Battle of Seneffe in 1674 and replaced his uncle in the Rhineland after his death in 1675, taking part in the recapture of Philippsburg in 1676.[4] In recognition of this, he was promoted Generalfeldmarschall in 1676 but was unable to build on these gains, largely due to poor logistics; in the last stages of the war, he was out manoeuvred by de Créquy and suffered minor defeats at Rheinfeld and Ortenbach.[5]
The
Charles positioned his men outside Vienna, shielding them from the plague epidemic then prevailing in the city; unlike the Ottomans, many of whom died of it. His forces focused on raiding Ottoman camps and protecting resupply convoys to the city, while Pope Innocent XI assembled an alliance to support the Habsburgs. Known as the Holy League and led by John III Sobieski, this force combined with Charles's troops to defeat the besieging army at the Battle of Vienna on 11 September 1683.[8]
In the next few years, the Habsburg army under Charles reconquered
Ancestry
Ancestors of Charles V, Duke of Lorraine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
References
- ISBN 978-1933648637.
- ISBN 978-0521814225.)
{{cite book}}
:|last1=
has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ISBN 978-0521780346.
- ^ Ingrao, Charles p. 36
- ^ De Périni, Hardÿ (1896). Batailles françaises, Volume V. Ernest Flammarion, Paris. pp. 224–225.
- ^ Ingrao, Charles pp. 28–29
- ISBN 978-1598844290.
- ^ Ingrao, Charles pp. 75–76
- ^ Ingrao, Charles p. 71
Sources
- De Périni, Hardÿ (1896). Batailles françaises, Volume V. Ernest Flammarion, Paris.
- Ingrao, Charles (2000). The Habsburg Monarchy 1618–1815. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521780346.
- Stoye, John (2007). The Siege of Vienna: The Last Great Trial Between Cross & Crescent. Pegasus Books. ISBN 978-1933648637.
- Tucker, Spencer (2010). Battles That Changed History: An Encyclopedia of World Conflict. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1598844290.
External links
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 934.
- Charles V. Duke of Lorraine, Political and military observations, remarks and maxims, of Charles V. late duke of Lorrain, general of the Emperor's forces. From a manuscript left by him, and never printed before.
- Schilb antiquarian