Cleanliness
Cleanliness is both the state of being clean and free from
.The concept of cleanliness emphasizes an ongoing procedure or set of habits for the purpose of maintenance and prevention. In this it differs from purity, which is a physical, moral, or ritual state of freedom from pollutants. Whereas purity is usually a quality of an individual or substance, cleanliness has a social dimension.[2] "Cleanliness", observed Jacob Burckhardt, "is indispensable to our modern notion of social perfection".[3] A household or workplace may be said to exhibit cleanliness, but ordinarily not purity. Cleanliness is also a characteristic of people who maintain cleanness or prevent dirtying.
Cleanliness is related to hygiene and disease prevention. Washing is one way of achieving physical cleanliness, usually with water and often some kind of soap or detergent. Cleaning procedures are also important in many forms of manufacturing.
As an assertion of
Hygiene
Since the
Industry
Certain processes in industry, such as those related to integrated circuit manufacturing, require conditions of exceptional cleanliness. These are achieved by working in cleanrooms. Cleanliness is essential to successful electroplating, since molecular layers of oil can prevent adhesion of the coating. The industry has developed specialized techniques for parts cleaning, as well as tests for cleanliness. The most commonly used tests rely on the wetting behaviour of a clean hydrophilic metal surface. Cleanliness is important to vacuum systems to reduce outgassing. Cleanliness is crucial for semiconductor manufacturing.[5]
Ethics
Some studies show a positive correlation between cleanliness and ethical judgements.[6][7][8][9]
Religion
In Christianity
The
Around the time of
In Hinduism
In
Śrīmad Bhāgavatam also recognises cleanliness as one of the thirty qualities which one must acquire to obtain the grace of God[27] and identifies internal and external cleanliness among the twelve regular duties.[28] Cleanliness is also an exalted quality which characterises the Satya Yuga (Golden Age) in Hinduism.
Service of the Devas (gods), holy men, teachers, parents, and wise persons, as also the observance of cleanliness, uprightness, continence, and non-injury—these constitute austerities [tapa] pertaining to the body.
— Bhagavad Gita 17.14
Cleanliness or śauca is both internal and external. Hinduism extols not only external cleanliness but also internal cleanliness or purity. Since the minds of devotees (bhakta) are constantly absorbed in the all-pure lord, they become internally cleansed from the defects (kleśa) of lust, anger, greed, envy, ego, etc. In this state of mind, they naturally prefer to keep the external body and environment pure as well. Thus, in accordance with the old saying, "cleanliness is next to godliness", they are also externally pure.[29] Śrīmad Bhāgavatam explains the internal and external cleanliness as:
My dear Uddhava, general cleanliness, washing the hands, bathing, performing religious services at sunrise, noon and sunset, worshiping Me, visiting holy places, chanting japa, avoiding that which is untouchable, uneatable, or not to be discussed, and remembering My existence within all living entities as the Paramatman — these principles should be followed by all members of society through regulation of the mind, words and body.[30]
In Śrīmad Bhāgavatam 11.19.36–39, cleanliness is also defined as detachment from activities prompted by desire. Cleanliness, therefore, means to give up material attachment, not merely to frequently rinse one's skin with water.[31]
Hindus must visit the seven sacred rivers. Bathing in these rivers purifies the mind and increases their good merits. To invoke the presence of the holy rivers, the following mantra is chanted before the daily bath:[citation needed]
"AUM gaṇge ca yamune caiva godāvarī sarasvatī / narmade siṇdhu kāverī jalesmin saṃnidhim kuru."
[In this water, I invoke the presence of holy waters from the rivers Ganga, Yamuna, Godavari, Sarasvati, Narmada, Sindhu and Kaveri.]
Hindus clean their homes particularly well in preparing to celebrate
In Islam
Islam stresses the importance of cleanliness and personal hygiene.[32] There are many verses in the Quran that discuss cleanliness. For example, "…Truly, Allah loves those who turn to Him constantly and He 'loves those who keep themselves pure and clean" (2:222). And, "…In mosque, there are men who love to be clean and pure. Allah loves those who make themselves clean and pure" (9:108).
The first lessons in Islamic
A basic form of the
See also
- Antiseptic – Antimicrobial substance or compound
- Aseptic technique– Absence of disease-causing microorganisms
- Cleaner – A cleaning person.
- Cleaning – Activity that removes dirt and other particles from people, animals and objects
- Clean room– Dust-free room for research or production
- Contamination control – Activities aiming to reduce contamination
- Environmental remediation – Removal of pollution from soil, groundwater etc.
- Green cleaning – cleaning methods and products with environmentally friendly ingredients and procedures which are designed to preserve human health and environmental quality
- Hygiene – Practices performed to preserve health
- Lady Macbeth effect
- Pollution – Introduction of contaminants that cause adverse change
- Ritual purification – Bathing or washing as a religious ritual
- Waste management – Activities and actions required to manage waste from its source to its final disposal
References
- ISBN 0-19-511128-1.
- ISSN 1472-2895.
- ^ Jacob Burckhardt, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, as quoted by Blow, Douglas (2006). The Culture of Cleanliness in Renaissance Italy. Cornell University Press. p. 1.
- ISBN 978-0-631-23213-1.
- Cook, Nancy (2007). Gender, Identity, and Imperialism: Women Development Workers in Pakistan. Macmillan. p. 141.
Douching is commonly practiced in Catholic countries. The bidet... is still commonly found in France and other Catholic countries.
Water plays a role in other Christian rituals as well.... In the early days of Christianity, two to three centuries after Christ, the lavabo (Latin for "I wash myself"), a ritual handwashing vessel and bowl, was introduced as part of Church service.
The Ethiopian and Coptic Churches distinguishes between clean and unclean meats, observes days of ritual purification, and keeps a kind of dual Sabbath on both Saturday and Sunday.
From Fleming's perspective, the transition to Christianity required a good dose of personal and public hygiene...
...Thus bathing also was considered a part of good health practice. For example, Tertullian attended the baths and believed them hygienic. Clement of Alexandria, while condemning excesses, had given guidelines for Christian] who wished to attend the baths...
Clement of Alexandria (d. c. 215 CE) allowed that bathing contributed to good health and hygiene... Christian skeptics could not easily dissuade the baths' practical popularity, however; popes continued to build baths situated within church basilicas and monasteries throughout the early medieval period...
...but baths were normally considered therapeutic until the days of Gregory the Great, who understood virtuous bathing to be bathing "on account of the needs of body"...
cleanliness and hygiene became an important marker of being identified as a Christian
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