Cultural bias

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Cultural bias is the interpretation and judgment of phenomena by the standards of one's own culture. It is sometimes considered a problem central to social and human sciences, such as economics, psychology, anthropology, and sociology. Some practitioners of these fields have attempted to develop methods and theories to compensate for or eliminate cultural bias.

Cultural bias occurs when people of a culture make assumptions about conventions, including conventions of language, notation, proof and evidence. They are then accused of mistaking these assumptions for laws of logic or nature. Numerous such biases exist, concerning cultural norms for color, mate selection, concepts of justice, linguistic and logical validity, the acceptability of evidence, and taboos.

Psychology

Cultural bias has no a priori definition.[

White American counterparts and concerns that test scores should not be interpreted in the same manner across those groups in the name of fairness and equality (see also Cognitive dissonance). Although the concept of cultural bias in testing and assessment also pertains to score differences and potential misdiagnoses with respect to a broader range of psychological concepts, particularly in applied psychology and other social and behavioral sciences, this aspect of cultural bias has received less attention in the relevant literature.[1]

Cultural bias in

better source needed
]- the type of ambiguity in which intellectual differences become apparent in individual capacities to resolve the strange-yet-familiar entity.

Economics

Cultural bias in economic exchange is often overlooked. A study done at the

direct investment
. The effect is amplified for goods, as they are more trust-intensive.

Anthropology

The concept of culture theory in anthropology explains that cultural bias is a critical piece of human group formation.

Sociology

It is thought that societies with conflicting beliefs will more likely have cultural bias, as it is dependent on the group's standing in society in which the

social constructions affect how a problem is produced. One example of cultural bias within the context of sociology can be seen in a study done at the University of California by Jane R. Mercer[5] of how test "validity", "bias", and "fairness" in different cultural belief systems affect one's future in a pluralistic society. A definition of the cultural bias was given as "the extent that the test contains cultural content that is generally peculiar to the members of one group but not to the members of another group", which leads to a belief that "the internal structure of the test will differ for different cultural groups".[5]
In addition, the different types of errors made on culture-biased tests are dependent on different cultural groups. The idea progressed to the conclusion that a non-cultural-test represents the ability of a population as intended and not the abilities of a group that is not represented.

History

Cultural bias may also arise in historical scholarship when the standards, assumptions and conventions of the historian's own era are anachronistically used to report and to assess events of the past. The tendency is sometimes known as presentism, and is regarded by many historians as a fault to be avoided.[6] Arthur Marwick has argued that "a grasp of the fact that past societies are very different from our own, and... very difficult to get to know" is an essential and fundamental skill of the professional historian; and that "anachronism is still one of the most obvious faults when the unqualified (those expert in other disciplines, perhaps) attempt to do history."[7]

See also

References

  1. ISBN 9780470479216
    .
  2. ISBN 9780470619049
    , retrieved 29 July 2021 – via Wiley Online Library
  3. ^ PsycholoGenie (2015-05-30). "Understanding the Phenomena of Cultural Bias With Examples". psychologenie.com. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  4. hdl:1814/7496
    .
  5. ^
    S2CID 145729742
    .
  6. ISBN 978-0061315459
    .
  7. ISBN 978-0-333-96447-7
    .

Bibliography

External links
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