Dhol
This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2007) |
Classification | Membranophone |
---|---|
Related instruments | |
Dholki | |
More articles or information | |
Bihu Dance |
Dhol (Hindi pronunciation:
Someone who plays the dhol is known as
Etymology
The word Dhol is derived from Sanskrit word ḍhola, a term for drum in Sanskrit language.[1]
Construction
The dhol is a double-sided barrel drum played mostly as an accompanying instrument in regional music forms. In
Playing
The dhol is played using two wooden sticks, usually made out of wood, cane, or also known as wickers cane. The stick used to play the bass side of the instrument is known as the dagga in Punjabi. Traditionally the Dhol player would go and look for a branch from a hardwood tree known as Tali (oak or mahogany) that was naturally curved at that angle and use this as the Dagga (Bass Stick). The reason for the bend stick is because of the goat skin. This is thin like 80-100gsm paper, so the stick has to be bent to avoid piercing the skin. The bass stick or Dagga is the thicker of the two and is bent in an eighth- or quarter-circular arc on the end that strikes the instrument.[2] The other stick, known as the teeli, is much thinner and flexible and used to play the higher note end of the instrument.[3]
The dhol is slung over the shoulder or, more rarely, around the neck of the player with a strap usually made up of woven cotton.[4] The surface of the wooden barrel is in some cases decorated with engraved patterns and sometimes paint.
In the pre-Partition era, dozens of rhythms were played on the Punjabi dhol, which corresponded to specific functions. However, with the decline or disappearance of some cultural practices, recent generations of dhol players have become unfamiliar with many of these. At the same time, the growth of folkloric staged bhangra dance in Punjab inspired the creation of many new rhythms particular to that dance.[5]
Some of the most common Punjabi dhol rhythms are bhangra (originating with the old, community bhangra dance), dhamaal (associated with many cultural functions, including worship at
The introduction of electronic devices such as
History
Shail Vyas claims several percussion instruments such as the Dhol maybe came from the influence of some clay-made instruments that are similar to the Dhol, which are found in Indus Valley Civilisation.
Regional forms and traditions
The Punjab region
The Punjabi dhol is used in the
Assam
In
The dhol also has an aspect of symbolism in
Goa
Dhol (which is always accompanied by tasha,
Gujarat
The dhol was used by Gujaratis during celebrations such as Navaratri to accompany garba. Garba are the folk songs which describe the grace of the divine mother. It is one of the important musical instruments in Gujarat.
Maharashtra
In
Karnataka
Called Dhollu in
Uttarakhand
In the Garhwal region, specific musical caste groups like the auji, das or dholi have historically played the dhol and damau, the two folk instruments of the region, at special occasions or religious festivals according to the Dhol Sagar, an ancient treatise that was transmitted orally and by practical teaching.[14]
West Bengal
The "dhak" (Bengali: ঢাক) is a huge membranophone instrument from India. The shapes differ from almost cylindrical to the barrel. The manner of stretching the hide over the mouths and lacing also varies. It is suspended from the neck, tied to the waist and kept on the lap or the ground, and usually played with wooden sticks. The left side is coated to give it a heavier sound.
Drum beats are an integral part of Durga Puja. It is mostly played by the Bengali community.
Pashtun areas
The dhol is the main musical instrument in the
Caucasus
Caucasian dhol is called dhol in Armenia, dholi or doli in Georgia and Abkhazia, and doul in North Caucasus.
In global culture
It has become popular in other parts of the world due to Indian diaspora and diaspora from the Indian subcontinent. Dhol has been a popular musical instrument in formal and informal dance performances for decades.
See also
- Dholak
- Dohol
- Khol
- Davul
- Nagara
- Dhak
- Chenda
- Caucasian Dhol
- Indian musical instruments
- Attan
- Bhangra (music)
- Music of Punjab
- Bihu
- Bihu dance
- Garba
- Pappu Saeen
- Rani Taj
References
- ^ McGregor, R. S. (Ronald Stuart) (1993). "The Oxford Hindi-English dictionary". dsal.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
- ^ Schreffler, Gibb Stuart (September 2010). "The Ḍhol, Presently". Signs of Separation: Ḍhol in Punjabi Culture (PhD). University of California, Santa Barbara. pp. 452–454.
- ^ Schreffler, Gibb Stuart (September 2010). "The Ḍhol, Presently". Signs of Separation: Ḍhol in Punjabi Culture (PhD). University of California, Santa Barbara. p. 460.
- ^ Schreffler, Gibb Stuart (September 2010). "The Ḍhol, Presently". Signs of Separation: Ḍhol in Punjabi Culture (PhD). University of California, Santa Barbara. pp. 444, 470.
- ^ Schreffler, Gibb Stuart (September 2010). "Uses of the Ḍhol and its Repertoire". Signs of Separation: Ḍhol in Punjabi Culture (PhD). University of California, Santa Barbara. pp. 619–621.
- ^ Schreffler, Gibb Stuart (September 2010). "Uses of the Ḍhol and its Repertoire". Signs of Separation: Ḍhol in Punjabi Culture (PhD). University of California, Santa Barbara.
- ^ "Music to the years: Musical instruments from the Indus Valley Civilisation". Hindustan Times. 2016-08-14. Retrieved 2018-12-22.
- ^ Schreffler, Gibb. "Dhol King of the Punjabi Instruments". Archived from the original on 2008-09-24.
- ISBN 978-3-319-59219-0, citing:)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link- Tarlekar, G. H. (1972). Musical Instruments in Indian Sculpture. Prune, India: Pune Vidyarthi Griha Prakashan. p. 74.
- ^ "Anvesha". Anvesha. Retrieved 2015-01-02.
- ^ Goa, Daman and Diu (India). Gazetteer Dept (1979). Gazetteer of the Union Territory Goa, Daman and Diu: district gazetteer, Volume 1. Gazetteer Dept., Govt. of the Union Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu. p. 263.
- ISBN 978-81-7154-760-9.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ "Janapadaloka -World of Folk art". Janapadaloka.in.
- .