Eddie Linden

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Eddie Linden
Eddie Linden wearing a suit and holding a cup
Linden in 1985
Born
John Edward Glackin

(1935-05-05)5 May 1935
Motherwell, Lanarkshire, Scotland
Died19 November 2023(2023-11-19) (aged 88)
Maida Vale, London, England
Other names
  • Eddie S. Linden
  • Eddie Sean Linden
  • Edward Sean Linden
Occupations
  • Poet
  • political activist
  • magazine editor

Edward Sean Linden (born John Edward Glackin; 5 May 1935 – 19 November 2023) was a Scottish-Irish poet, literary magazine editor, and political activist. From 1969 to 2002, he published and edited the poetry magazine Aquarius, which The Irish Post said made him "one of the leading figures on the international poetry scene". The journal was significant in the growth of British, Irish, and international poets and has been described as Linden's "crowning gift to literature—the nurturing and developing of poetic talent".[1][2][3]

Early life

Linden was born John Edward Glackin in

Presbyterian woman who disliked the young Linden. She failed to have him put in an asylum, so instead had him sent to an orphanage run by the Sisters of Charity.[1][2] He was educated at Holy Family school in Mossend and St Patrick's school in New Stevenston.[6]

At the age of 14, he was "released" from the orphanage, and was often homeless. He was put to work in a coal mine, then worked in a

duodenal ulcer. His religious upbringing caused him to struggle with his homosexuality and he even sought treatment from doctors, but abandoned this after falling out with the medical staff.[7]

Political activism

A woman roars from an upper window
'They're at it again, Maggie!
Five stitches in our Tommie's face, Lizzie!
Eddie's in the Royal wi'a sword in his stomach
And the razor's floating in the River Clyde.'

from "City of Razors" (1969)

Linden's political and literary awakening came when he joined the

socialist".[10]

In August 1958, by then in his early 20s, the young Edward, who would be known as Eddie, moved to

Jesuit priest Thomas Roberts. Upon Ross's death, Linden wrote an obituary of him for The Guardian.[1]

An April 1959 article by Hyde in

The Catholic Herald
outlined the origins of the Catholic Nuclear Disarmament Group, for whom Linden would become secretary. Linden later noted:

It was some time at the end of the 1950s when I first came across a little bookshop in Glasgow called the Freedom Bookshop. This was run by an eccentric Cockney, Guy Aldred, who was then editing a paper called Freedom. I saw a book entitled I Believe by Douglas Hyde.[note 1] Also that day in that shop I picked up the American Catholic Worker produced by a remarkable person named Dorothy Day. The paper identified itself with the cause of peace and reconciliation. The book told a story of a man who had dedicated his life to Communism. At the time I was disillusioned but was still loosely attached to the Communist Party and the Young Communist League. These two items were to lead me back to a reconversion to Christianity of much greater social awareness.[1]

In 1959, Linden arranged a meeting in Highbury Place for the Catholic CND, which was attended by novelist

General de Gaulle to protest the French test explosion. The first Catholic banner was seen on an Aldermaston March in 1959, with 200 people; 600 associate members were part of the organisation.[1]

By 1966, Linden had become less politically active, and gone to study at the

homeless, with Anton Wallich-Clifford, a probation officer at Bow Street Magistrates' Court.[1]

Linden took part in an August 1968 protest against Pope Paul VI's ruling over birth control which made headlines in the British press. The previous month, the Vatican had issued an encyclical, Humanae vitae, with a papal condemnation of contraception.[11] In reaction to the sacking of British priests who opposed this stance, there were "heated exchanges" which "started a scuffle" on the steps of Westminster Cathedral as the congregation left a mass service. In a "verbal battle", Linden protested at a banner in support of the pope, saying, "I am entitled to my view. The Pope's document is splitting the church in two." A man began arguing with Linden, and the pair had to be separated. The man had earlier "snatched and torn" a poster held by a youth group who were supporting Father Paul Weir, an assistant priest who had been suspended for objecting to the ruling. Following the protests, Linden said, "I feel strongly for Father Weir. Here is a man who has given his life to the priesthood but, because he disagrees with the encyclical, he is out of a job." Linden's involvement was reported in front page newspaper stories published by The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph. At the time, he was working as a hotel porter.[12][13][14][15]

Party membership

In his mid-teens, Linden joined the Independent Labour Party, which had disaffiliated from the Labour Party some years previously, despite having played a key role in the latter's early years. The ILP had lost all of its MPs by this point, and Linden describes it as having been "in its dying days". Speaking in 2019, he recalled, "The first political party I ever joined was the Independent Labour Party back in Glasgow". Speaking to The Tablet, he said "I was 14 or 15. The next year I went one better and joined the Young Communist League. That was a great thing when I was growing up in Scotland. All the miners and steel workers were Catholic, but they were also members of the Communist Party."[8]

It was his involvement with the Communist Party that led to him moving to London, but after several years, he came to the realisation that he was not a communist. He would go on to join the Labour Party, and in 2020, he stated, "I've been a Labour man all my life". In spite of his early inclinations towards the radical left, Linden did not support the

centre-left candidacy of Keir Starmer in the 2020 contest to succeed Corbyn. Linden declared himself "delighted" with Starmer's subsequent election as Labour leader.[16]

Literary career

Aquarius

Linden had begun to organise poetry readings at the Lamb & Flag pub in Covent Garden, and in 1969, he started the poetry magazine Aquarius, which featured emerging writers. He was helped by the poet John Heath-Stubbs, and a donation from his friend, playwright Harold Pinter; it has been said that Linden was the inspiration for the character of Spooner in Pinter's play No Man's Land. Fellow poets George Barker and Peter Porter also allowed their work to be published for free. The first issue featured contributions from Heath-Stubbs, Barker, Stevie Smith and Kathleen Raine.[17]

The magazine was published every few years and ran to 26 issues in all.

Times Literary Supplement, James Campbell stated that "the actual editing" was undertaken by figures such as Barker, Heath-Stubbs and Douglas Dunn, another Scottish poet.[19] Linden raised the funds to keep the magazine going through the years, having started it with £4 capital and a loan from a friend. He was also helped by leading poet John Betjeman, who sent £5 for "good old Aquarius" every Christmas (adjusted for inflation, this sum of money would have been of higher value whilst Betjeman was alive).[20]

A poetry reading at the

Houses of Parliament was organised by Linden in April 1976, chaired by Labour MP Jock Stallard, featuring Heath-Stubbs and Dannie Abse, whose brother Leo was then a Labour MP.[21] Abse's work was published in several editions of Aquarius, including the Welsh issue. A number of editions were similarly themed, including Irish, Scottish, Australian and Canadian issues; others honoured Heath-Stubbs, Roy Fuller, Hugh MacDiarmid and The Poetry of the Forties.[22][23] Linden was also a member of the General Council of The Poetry Society for many years, and in 1990, he was elected to its Executive Council.[24]

In 1991, the existence of Aquarius was said to be under threat, prompting a question in the

U.A. Fanthorpe, Carol Ann Duffy, Elspeth Barker, Marilyn Hacker, Helen Dunmore, Maureen Duffy, Fay Weldon and Elizabeth Jennings.[26]

Profiling Linden for The Guardian in 1993, John Ezard commented, "For several generations of writers he has been part of the cultural furniture". During the period in which Aquarius was published, Irish broadcaster Frank Delaney said that Linden was "a butler to literature",[20] and journalist Auberon Waugh called it the best poetry magazine in Britain.[27] In 1991, it was reported that the Conservative Home Secretary, Kenneth Baker, was a subscriber.[28] Linden edited Aquarius from his flat – which was described by The Guardian as a "spartan bedsit in Maida Vale" – until 2002.[1][20][3] Throughout his activities in literature and politics, Linden was often known as Eddie S. Linden, the middle initial standing for "Sean".[29][30][31]

A

Poet Laureate Andrew Motion.[7][32][33] Heaney, who knew him in London, dedicated "A Found Poem" to Linden.[1]

Poet

Comfortable little suburb north of London
With its wooded heath
Where queers and heteros nest at night
Little girls in mini-skirts
Boys with long hair and pockets full of French letters
Preparing for a night's fucking

from "Hampstead by Night"

As well as publishing poetry in Aquarius, Linden also wrote and gave readings of his own poems, such as "City of Razors", which recalls the sectarian violence of his youth in Glasgow. He had been writing verse since his teenage years, and after moving south, was encouraged by Barker and Porter. He had known Barker's son Sebastian at Oxford, and in 1965 met his mother, the writer Elizabeth Smart, who adopted him as a protégé; she was complimentary about the letters Linden wrote, and after Smart's death, he remarked that "she was a mother to [him]".[34][35] He was also friends with the novelist (and subsequently Hollywood screenwriter) Alan Sharp, who based the character of Sammy Giffen on Linden in his book The Wind Shifts, published in 1967.[24]

In 1980, City of Razors, a collection of Linden's poems, was published.

London Film Festival.[40]

LBC Radio. He also gave live readings at venues around the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Canada, and the United States.[43]

Tributes and cultural depictions

Who Is Eddie Linden, a biography written by Sebastian Barker, with illustrations by Ralph Steadman, was published in 1979, covering the story of Linden's life up until the launch of Aquarius.

The Old Red Lion in Islington, north London.[32][45] Written by William Tanner, the play starred Michael Deacon as Linden, receiving good notices and playing to packed houses.[17] It co-starred Dallas Campbell
as a young man trying to get his poetry published by Linden, and ran from 28 February to 25 March 1995.

In June 1975, Linden was the subject of a portrait by

Soho artists on camera, and in October 1985, Linden was photographed by Granville Davies. Both prints are now held by the National Portrait Gallery in London.[46][47][48] In late 2005, the award-winning photographer Eamonn McCabe photographed Linden for The Guardian.[49][50]

Linden's 80th birthday was celebrated with a party at Conway Hall in 2015, at which he recited several of his poems. Barker's widow, the poet Hilary Davies, described Linden as "loyal and non-judgmental", and, comparing him to a meerkat, said he was "sociable, communicative, ferreting in corners for choice morsels and then delighting in showing it to the community".[51] He was presented with a portrait of himself by London Irish artist Luke Canavan.[2]

In 2018, a different oil painting of Linden by Canavan was displayed at the

Mall Galleries in London.[52]

Other poets have written about Linden in their work, or named him as in inspiration for poems. These include "The Ballad of Eddie Linden at Earl's Court" by Ken Smith (1986).[53] In 2000, Matthew Sweeney's "Incident in Exeter Station", published as The Saturday Poem in The Guardian, was dedicated to Linden.[54] The poem "Fugitive Colours" by Liz Lochhead (2016) references Linden.[55]

Linden's personality was summarised by his friend Gerald Mangan in a pen and ink drawing of Linden arriving at the gates of

communist bastard from Glasgow. And would you like to subscribe to a poetry magazine?"[1]

Personal life and death

Linden, who was gay, never had a partner or married.[56] In an interview with The Tablet in 2017, Linden said, "I've been described as a Catholic atheist, but that's not right. I am a Catholic who finds it difficult to believe in God. There was a day when I used to run about with rosary beads and stuff like that, but I don't do that now."[57]

In 2020, he was diagnosed with

West London Crematorium in Kensal Green.[58]

In an obituary, The Irish Times wrote, "With his death, a whole era in postwar British poetry has come to a close."[61]

Works

  • City of Razors and other poems, Jay Landesman, 1980
  • A Thorn in the Flesh: Selected Poems, Hearing Eye, 2011

See also

Explanatory notes

  1. ^ The book was in fact called I Believed.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Cooney, John (13 May 2015). "Happy 80th birthday, Eddie Linden, poet, pacifist and Catholic atheist". The Irish Times. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  2. ^ a b c "Meet London's Eddie Linden – the Irish Scots poet with an incredible life story". The Irish Post. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  3. ^
    ISBN 978-0-9551584-0-7
    .
  4. ^ Patterson, Glenn (interviewer) (17 September 2007). Eddie Linden – Interview (Part 1) (Television production). NVTV.
  5. ISSN 0307-1235
    . Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  6. ISBN 9781857431780
    .
  7. ^ a b c "Eddie Linden". Friends of the Magdala. Archived from the original on 16 January 2019. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  8. ^ a b c Stanford, Peter. "A thorn in the flesh: Poet Eddie Linden is a catholic who finds it difficult to believe in god". The Tablet. The Tablet Publishing Company. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  9. ^ Campbell, James (8 April 2006). "Redemption song". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  10. ^ Linden, Eddie (30 November 2001). "Letter: Michael Ivens". The Guardian. p. 24.
  11. ^ "1968: Pope renews birth control ban". BBC News. 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  12. ^ Paul, Gerda (19 August 1968). "Cathedral Clash on Pope's Ruling". The Daily Telegraph. p. 1. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  13. ^ Paul, Gerda (19 August 1968). "Cathedral Clash on Pope's Ruling (continued from Page 1)". The Daily Telegraph. p. 22. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  14. ^ "More priests and laymen rebel over birth control". The Guardian. 19 August 1968. p. 1. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  15. ^ "More priests and laymen join rebels (Continued from page 1)". The Guardian. 19 August 1968. p. 14. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  16. West End Extra
    . Camden New Journal. 10 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  17. ^ a b c Lethbridge, Lucy (10 March 1995). "Literature liberates a Catholic who is fighting for poetic justice". Catholic Herald.
  18. ^ Trotter, Stewart (15 August 2011). "5,000 VIEWS, 22 PARTICIPATING NATIONS AND THE APPOINTMENT OF EDDIE LINDEN!!!". The Shakespeare Code. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  19. Times Literary Supplement
    . London.
  20. ^ a b c Ezard, John (16 January 1993). "Aquarius man comes home". The Guardian.
  21. ^ Torode, John (21 April 1976). "London Letter". The Guardian. p. 13.
  22. ^ "UQFL345 Aquarius Collection" (PDF). Fryer Library Manuscript Finding Aid. The University of Queensland Australia. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  23. ^ "Aquarius". I.D.Edrich. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  24. ^ a b Hutton, Seán. "Devoted to the cause of poetry". community.fortunecity.ws. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  25. ^ "Poetry – Hansard". hansard.parliament.uk. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  26. ^ Davies, Hilary (ed.). "Aquarius Women". Aquarius (19/20). London: Eddie Linden.
  27. ^ Ezard, John (12 July 1979). "No-one like Eddie". The Guardian.
  28. ^ Radford, Tim (9 May 1991). "Cut and don't print: Books diary". The Guardian.
  29. The Catholic Worker
    . Catholic Research Resources Alliance. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  30. ^ "Aquarius Poetry Magazine Number 1". Amazon. 1969. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  31. OCLC 927081021
    . Retrieved 25 July 2020 – via WorldCat.
  32. ^ a b "Eddie Linden". Scottish Poetry Library. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  33. ^ "Eddie Linden". Hearing Eye. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  34. ^ Patterson, Glenn (interviewer) (19 September 2007). Eddie Linden – Interview (Part 2) (Television production). NVTV. 2 minutes in.
  35. ^ B, A (23 March 1986). "Mourned by the rogues and rascals". The Guardian.
  36. ISBN 9780905150222
    .
  37. ^ Nuttall, Jeff (29 November 1980). "Catching the rough edge of their tongues". The Guardian.
  38. ^ Fuchs, Francis (director) (15 April 1981). Poets against the Bomb (documentary film).
  39. BFI. Archived from the original
    on 13 September 2017. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  40. ^ Fuchs, Francis (January 1982). "Notes". Marxism Today.
  41. ISBN 9780713915730
    .
  42. ISBN 9781905082636
    .
  43. ^ "Eddie S Linden". Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  44. ISBN 9780905150130
    .
  45. ^ Sansom, Ian. "Who is Eddie Linden". The Times Literary Supplement. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  46. ^ "Eddie Linden". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  47. ^ "portrait – npg x25138; eddie linden". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  48. ^ Davies, Granville (23 October 1985). "Eddie Linden". Flickr. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  49. ^ "Eddie Linden, Scottish poet and writer, circa November 2005. Linden..." Getty Images. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  50. ^ "Eddie Linden, Scottish poet and writer, circa November 2005. Linden..." Getty Images. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  51. ^ Gulliver, John (21 May 2015). "Poet of the City of Razors 'canonised' at 80". Camden New Journal. New Journal Enterprises Ltd. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  52. Mall Galleries
    . 26 March 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  53. ^ Bold, Alan (17 May 1986). "Pathological poems of a healer". The Scotsman. p. 19. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  54. ISSN 0261-3077
    . Retrieved 18 December 2023.
  55. ISSN 0261-3077
    . Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  56. ^
    ISSN 0140-0460
    . Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  57. ^ Stanford, Peter. "A thorn in the flesh: Poet Eddie Linden is a catholic who finds it difficult to believe in god". The Tablet. The Tablet Publishing Company. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  58. ^ a b Raffray, Nathalie (14 December 2023). "Literary world mourns influential poet and Aquarius magazine publisher Eddie Linden". Ham & High. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  59. ISSN 0261-3077
    . Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  60. ^ Doyle, Martin (21 November 2023). "Friends pay tribute on death of poet Eddie Linden at 88". The Irish Times. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  61. ^ "Eddie Linden obituary: A true literary representative of the islands of Britain and Ireland". The Irish Times. 9 December 2023. Retrieved 14 December 2023.

Further reading

External links
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