Ein Samiya

Coordinates: 31°59′21″N 35°20′00″E / 31.98917°N 35.33333°E / 31.98917; 35.33333
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Ein Samiya
Arabic transcription(s)
 • 
Governorate
Ramallah and al-Bireh
Elevation
[1]
430 m (1,410 ft)
Population
 • Total0−300
Name meaning"the lofty spring[2]
Ein Samiya (top right)

Ein Samiya, also known as Ain Samia (

Arabic: عين سامية, meaning "the lofty spring"),[2] was a Palestinian village in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate, on the eastern plains of the village of Kafr Malik.[3]

Due to its large water spring, considered to be the strongest and purest in the region, the Ein Samiya valley is an important archaeological area containing the remains of settlements dating back to the ancient Bronze Age/Canaanite era, as well as Roman and Islamic periods. In modern times, Ein Samiya's spring water is the main local ingredient of Taybeh beer, Palestine's first local beer.[4][5]

Ein Samiya after forced evacuation.jpg

In May 2023, the village was forcibly evacuated, having been home to 178 people.[6] Acting Humanitarian Coordinator for the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Yvonne Helle, noted that: "These families are not leaving by choice; the Israeli authorities have repeatedly demolished homes and other structures they own and have threatened to destroy their only school. At the same time, land available for the grazing of livestock has decreased due to settlement expansion and both children and adults have been subjected to settler violence... We are witnessing the tragic consequences of longstanding Israeli practices and settler violence."[7][6]

The persistent harassment of the Palestinian villagers, leading to their evacuation in 2023, is considered to be part of the Israeli expropriation of Palestinian springs in the West Bank.[6]

Location

Ein Samiya aqueduct

The town is located on the eastern slopes of the Ramallah mountains, and the town's territory reaches Al-Auja in the Jordan Valley in the east of the West Bank.[8]

Economy

Ein Samiya is a large water spring, considered to be the strongest and purest in the region, as it supplies water to the city of Ramallah and Al-Bireh. Historically, large networks of water channels were built. The village serves as the food basket of the town of Kafr Malik, where grains, thyme, citrus fruits, and vegetables are grown.[3]

Population

Most of the population is from the Bedouin Ka'abneh (

Arabic: الكعابنة) clan, primarily employed in the government and agriculture sectors.[9][10][11][12]

History and archaeology

Dating back more than 7,000 years, Ein Samiya contains what is considered one of the oldest historical ruins in the world. It also includes more than 150 rock-carved Roman tombs and related tunnels. Numerous archaeological expeditions took place in 1941-42 and in 1963.[13][14]

The area includes many historical symbols that indicate the cultural diversity in the place, and the site of "Tel Al-Marzbanah" north of Ein Samia is one of the most prominent archaeological sites in it, and it is a small high site that extends from north to south. The origin of the name goes back to the Persian language, as Marzipan means minister. The 'Ain Samiya goblet was found here.[13][14]

Sherds, dating to the Roman,[1] Byzantine[1][15] and Byzantine/Umayyad[1] eras have been found here. A column dating from year 557 in the Byzantine era, mentioning Justinian I and bishop Eustochius, have been found here.[16][17][18]

Crusader era.[19]

Ottoman era

The village is not mentioned in the first

Muslim. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3% on various agricultural products, such as wheat (400 akçe), barley (560), olive trees (120), in addition to "occasional revenues" (80) and goats and bee hives (40); a total of 1,200 akçe.[21] Sherds, dating from the early Ottoman ra have also been found here.[1]

In 1838, es-Samieh was noted as a Muslim village in the District of Beni Salim; located east of Jerusalem.[22]

In 1870,

fellahin from Kafr Malik. At the time of sowing and harvesting, several of the caves at Ein Samiya served as temporary refuge for these families.[24]

In 1882, the

drafted stones are built into this wall".[25]

Gallery

  • 'Ain Samiya goblet, from Middle Bronze Age I (2300-2000 BC)
    Middle Bronze Age
    I (2300-2000 BC)
  • A flat rendering of the scenes depicted on the Ain Samiya Goblet
    A flat rendering of the scenes depicted on the Ain Samiya Goblet
  • Kafr Malik and Ein Samiya in the 1880s
    Kafr Malik and Ein Samiya in the 1880s
  • Kafr Malik and Ein Samiya in the 1940s
    Kafr Malik and Ein Samiya in the 1940s
  • Oasis of Ein Samia - panoramio, 2010
    Oasis of Ein Samia - panoramio, 2010
  • Cultivated fields at Ein Samiya, 2010
    Cultivated fields at Ein Samiya, 2010
  • Oasis of Ein Samiya, 2010
    Oasis of Ein Samiya, 2010
  • School in Ein Samiya, 2 May, 2023
    School in Ein Samiya, 2 May, 2023
  • Evacuation of Ein Samiya, 25 May, 2023
    Evacuation of Ein Samiya, 25 May, 2023
  • Ein Samiya after evacuation, 25 May, 2023
    Ein Samiya after evacuation, 25 May, 2023

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Finkelstein et al., 1997, p. 734
  2. ^ a b Palmer, 1881, p. 251
  3. ^ a b ""عين سامية".. مياه وتاريخ في مواجهة الاستيطان". Anadolu Ajansı (in Arabic). 2019-10-04. Retrieved 2023-05-26.
  4. ^ "Palestinian beer: Taybeh on tap". The Jerusalem Post. 2012-10-18. Retrieved 2023-05-29.
  5. JSTOR 10.1525/gfc.2014.14.4.69
    .
  6. ^ a b c "Palestinian community forced to evacuate Ein Samia - UNOCHA". The Jerusalem Post. 2023-05-26. Retrieved 2023-05-26.
  7. ^ "Occupied Palestinian territory - Palestinian community compelled to relocate amid Israeli settlement practices" (Press release). United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 2023-05-25. Retrieved 2023-05-26.
  8. ^ ""عين سامية".. مياه وتاريخ في مواجهة الاستيطان". Anadolu Ajansı (in Arabic). 2019-10-04. Retrieved 2023-05-31.
  9. ^ Hass, Amira (2022-07-12). "How to Chase Palestinians Off Their Land - Israel News". Haaretz.com. Retrieved 2023-05-31.
  10. ^ Wattan News. "بسبب اعتداءات المستوطنين.. أهالي "عين سامية" يهجرون المكان تباعاً". وكالة وطن للأنباء (in Arabic). Retrieved 2023-05-31.
  11. ^ "بلدة "عين سامية".. حلقة جديدة في مسلسل تهجير الفلسطينين". Asharq (in Arabic). 2023-05-29. Retrieved 2023-05-31.
  12. ^ موسى, خليل (2023-05-27). ""عين سامية" الفلسطينية ذات الينابيع باتت جحيما". اندبندنت عربية (in Arabic). Retrieved 2023-05-31.
  13. ^
    JSTOR 27925264
    . Retrieved 2023-05-29.
  14. ^
    JSTOR 27925265
    . Retrieved 2023-05-29.
  15. ^ Dauphin, 1998, p. 852
  16. ^ Macalister, 1907, p. 236
  17. ^ Abel, 1907, pp. 275-276
  18. ^ Tsafrir et al, 1994, p. 221
  19. ^ Pringle, 1997, p. 112
  20. ^ Toledano, 1984, p. 298 has Samiya at location 31°59′35″N 35°19′10″E.
  21. ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 113
  22. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 125
  23. ^ Guérin, 1874, p. 211, as translated in Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 394
  24. ^ Guérin, 1874, pages 211-212.
  25. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 394

Bibliography

External links
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