Gheorghe Marinescu
Gheorghe Marinescu | |
|---|---|
United Principalities | |
| Died | 15 May 1938 (aged 75) |
| Nationality | Romanian |
| Other names | George/Georges Marinesco |
| Alma mater | University of Bucharest |
| Known for | Romanian School of Neurology |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Neurology |
Gheorghe Marinescu (Romanian:
History
After attending the Faculty of Medicine of the
Career
After qualification, and on the recommendation of Babeş, the government awarded Marinescu a grant to undertake postgraduate training in
After nine years abroad, Marinescu returned in 1897 to Bucharest, where he received his doctorate and began a new professorial department at Pantelimon Hospital which had been created for him. Shortly thereafter, in 1897, a chair of Clinical Neurology was created at the University of Bucharest, in Colentina Hospital. He remained in this post for the next 41 years and is regarded as the founder of the Romanian School of Neurology.[citation needed] He was elected a titular member of the Romanian Academy in 1905.[1]
Between July 1898 and 1901, Marinescu made the first science films in the world in his clinic in Bucharest:[2] The walking troubles of organic hemiplegy (1898), The walking troubles of organic paraplegies (1899), A case of hysteric hemiplegy healed through hypnosis (1899), The walking troubles of progressive locomotion ataxy (1900) and Illnesses of the muscles (1901). All these short subjects have been preserved. The professor called his works "studies with the help of the cinematograph", and published the results, along with several consecutive frames, in issues of the magazine La Semaine Médicale from Paris, between 1899 and 1902.[3] In 1924, Auguste Lumière recognized the priority of professor Marinescu concerning the first science films: "I've seen your scientific reports about the usage of cinematograph in studies of nervous illnesses, when I was still receiving La Semaine Médicale, but back then I had other concerns, which left me no spare time to begin biological studies. I must say I forgot those works and I am thankful to you that you reminded them to me. Unfortunately, not many scientists have followed your way."[4] In 1935, he became the founding chairman of the Royal Romanian Society for Heredity and Eugenics, which sought to popularize eugenics and promote forced sterilization.[5]
Legacy
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Marinescu maintained close academic links with his Parisian colleagues and many of his articles, which exceeded 250 in number, were published in French. He had a wide range of research interests, including pathological anatomy and experimental neuropathology. Daily contact with scores of the infirm and his astuteness made him use the latest methods as they became available, such as the X-ray, with which he investigated bone changes in acromegaly, and the film camera, for the study of body movements in health and disease. The results of these studies appeared in the monograph Le Tonus des Muscles striés (1937) with Nicolae Ionescu-Siseşti, Oskar Sager and Arthur Kreindler, with a preface by Sir Charles Scott Sherrington.
Early in his career, Marinescu published a much needed atlas on the pathological histology of the nervous system with the bacteriologist Victor Babeş and the French pathologist
Marinescu was an eminent teacher. In his lectures he emphasised ideas and gave perspective for further investigations. Recognition in the form of honours came to him from many countries. It was he above all others who was chosen to represent the students of Charcot when the centenary of the great master was celebrated in 1925.
Associated eponyms
- Marinescu's hand, a cold blue oedematous hand with lividity of the skin seen in neurological lesions such as syringomyelia.
- congenital disorder with spinocerebellar ataxia, congenital cataract, short stature, mental retardation, and some skeletal deformity.
- Palmomental reflex (Marinesco–Radovici sign, or Kinn reflex, or Marinesco reflex), a primitive reflex in some patients with pyramidal lesions.
See also
- Walking Troubles of Organic Hemiplegy, 1898 documentary film (the first filmed documentary)
Notes
- ^ (in Romanian) Membrii Academiei Române din 1866 până în prezent at the Romanian Academy site
- ISBN 973-9153-93-3
- ISBN 978-973-7839-40-4
- ^ Ţuţui, Marian, A short history of the Romanian films Archived April 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine at the Romanian National Cinematographic Center.
- ^ Marius Turda, “Controlling the National Body: Ideas of Racial Purification in Romania, 1918–1944”, in Health, Hygiene and Eugenics in Southeastern Europe to 1945, pp. 325-50, ed. Christian Promitzer, Sevasti Trubeta, Marius Turda. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2011, ISBN 978-963-9776-82-1
References
- Buda O.; Arsene D.; Ceausu M.; Dermengiu D.; Curca G. C. (Jan 2009). "Georges Marinesco and the early research in neuropathology". S2CID 45428057.
- Merlini, Luciano (Feb 2008). "Marinesco–Sjogren syndrome, fanfare, and more". S2CID 2906166.
- Chudley, A. E. (Oct 2003). "Genetic landmarks through philately: Georges Marinesco (1863–1938)". S2CID 32709753.
- Ionita, Catalina; Fine, Edward J. (Jun 2003). "A Romanian neurologist and neurophysiologist". S2CID 21044267.
- Kupriianov, V. V.; Groza, B. A. (November 1964). "Gheorghe Marinesco (on the Centenary of His Birth)". Arkhiv anatomii, gistologii i émbriologii. 47. PMID 14312419.
- Petresco, A. (1964). "Gheorghe Marinesco (1863–1938), Champion of Histochemistry of the Nervous System (on the Occasion of the 100th Anniversary of His Birth, 1963)". PMID 14183069.
- Shpilmann, I. (1964). "George Marinesco and Russian Sciences". Sovetskoe Zdravookhranenie / Ministerstvo Zdravookhraneniia SSSR. 23. PMID 14162255.
- POTEMKINA, M (Sep 1963). "George Marinesco (1863–1938)". Zdravookhranenie Belorussii. 85. PMID 14091244.
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