Goosebumps
Author | R. L. Stine |
---|---|
Cover artist | Tim Jacobus Mark Nagata Craig White Brandon Dorman[1] |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Publisher | Scholastic Corporation |
Published | Original series: July 1992 – December 1997 Spin-off series: October 1994 – February 2000; April 2008 – present |
Media type | Print (hardback & paperback)
Audiobook E-book |
No. of books | 240[nb 1] (List of books) |
Website | https://kids.scholastic.com/kid/books/goosebumps/ |
Goosebumps is a series of horror novels written by American author R. L. Stine. The protagonists in these stories are teens or pre-teens who find themselves in frightening circumstances, often involving the supernatural, the paranormal or the occult. Between 1992 and 1997, sixty-two books were published under the Goosebumps umbrella title. R. L. Stine also wrote various spin-off series, including, Goosebumps Series 2000, Give Yourself Goosebumps, Tales to Give You Goosebumps, Goosebumps Triple Header, Goosebumps HorrorLand, Goosebumps Most Wanted and Goosebumps SlappyWorld.[2] Additionally there was a series called Goosebumps Gold that was never released.
Goosebumps has spawned a pair of television series, a video games series, a comic series and merchandise, as well as a pair of feature films, which star Jack Black as a fictionalized version of Stine.
The series was originally published in English by Scholastic Press in the United States and Scholastic Hippo in the United Kingdom. Spanning various genres, including horror, comedy, fantasy, adventure, supernatural fiction, thriller and mystery, the world of Goosebumps explores a multitude of themes.
Since the release of its first novel, Welcome to Dead House, in July 1992, the books have achieved immense popularity, garnered positive reviews, and achieved commercial success worldwide. They have captivated a diverse audience, including children and older readers, and have sold over 400 million copies globally in 35 languages as of October 2022,[3] becoming the second-best-selling book series in history (behind Harry Potter). At one point, the series held the distinction of being the best-selling book series of all time, selling over 4 million books a month during its prime.[4] Individual books in the series have been listed in several bestseller lists, including the New York Times Best Seller list for children.
Structure and genre
The Goosebumps series falls under many genres but mainly horror and thriller, although Stine characterizes the series as 'scary books that are also funny'.[5] Each book features different child characters[6] and settings.[7] The primary protagonists are middle class and can be either male or female.[8] In Goosebumps stories, the central characters are often placed in remote or isolated locations, diverging from common societal conventions. This can range anywhere from comfortable suburban areas to boarding schools, foreign villages or campsites.[9] Books typically feature characters who either recently moved to a new neighborhood or are sent to stay with relatives.[8]
The books in the Goosebumps series feature similar plot structures
The author has plot devices he follows throughout his Goosebumps books. Stine says he does not have any death in his stories, and the children in his novels are never put into situations that would be considered too serious.[15] He attributed the success of his books to their absence of drugs, depravity and violence.[16]
All Goosebumps books are written at a reading level ranging from 3rd to 7th grade.[17][18]
Inspiration and themes
According to the documentary Tales from the Crypt: From Comic Books to Television, R.L. Stine said that he remembered reading the popular/infamous Tales from the Crypt comic books when he was young and credited as one of his inspirations. Books and characters in the series were inspired by books and films. For example, the character Slappy the Dummy was inspired by the literary classic The Adventures of Pinocchio.[19] Some of Stine's ideas for the books also came from real life; Stine got the idea for the book The Haunted Mask after his son, Matt, had a Halloween mask he had trouble getting off.[20] Stine also uses his childhood fears to help him write his books. The author said, "Luckily, I have a great memory. As I write a story, I can remember what it feels like to be afraid and panicky".[21] Stine states he often thinks of a title to a novel first, then lets the title lead him to a story.[22]
Two common themes in the series are children triumphing over evil and children facing horrid or frightening situations and using their own wit and imagination to escape them.[23] Stine does not attempt to incorporate moral lessons into his novels, and says his books are "strictly reading motivation".[24]
Characters
Recurring characters who appear in multiple books and media.
Character | Television series | Films | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Goosebumps | Goosebumps | Goosebumps | Goosebumps 2: Haunted Halloween | |
1995–1998 | 2023–Present | 2015 | 2018 | |
R. L. Stine | Himself | Jack Black | ||
Slappy the Dummy | Ron Stefaniuk (puppeteer) |
Jeny Cassady, Victor Dolhai, Jamie Swettenham (puppeteers) |
Avery Lee Jones (puppeteer) | |
Cathal J. Dodd (voice) |
Chris Geere (voice) |
Jack Black (voice) |
Mick Wingert (voice) | |
Will Blake The Werewolf of Fever Swamp |
Michael Barry | John Bernecker | CGI | |
Prince Khor-Ru | Peter Jarvis | Brian Gabriel | Ben Bladon | |
Count Nightwing | Earl Pastko | Rory Healy | Joseph N. Hardin | |
Scarecrow | Stuntman | John Herndon | Alex T. Hill | |
Pumpkin Heads | Christian Laurin Stuart Clow |
Nick Stanner | Stuntman | |
Chip & Hap | Yvan Labelle Jordan Prentice |
CGI | ||
Carly Beth Caldwell The Haunted Mask |
Kathryn Long | Clare Halstead | ||
The Lord High Executioner | Robert Collins | Drew Lamkins | ||
Hannah Fairchild The Ghost Next Door |
Nicole Dicker | Odeya Rush | ||
Brent Green | Darcy Weir | Jack Black (voice) |
||
The Abominable Snowman | Stuntman | CGI |
- Slappy the Dummy is the main villain of the Night of the Living Dummy saga and the mascot of the series.[25]
- The Haunted Mask is the villain of the book saga of the same name.
- The Horrors serve as the main villain(s) of Goosebumps #16: One Day at Horrorland and the HorrorLand book series.
- The Monster Blood is the titular monster of the book series of the same name.
- Amanda Benson is the protagonist of the first Goosebumps book, Welcome to Dead House.
- Carly Beth Caldwell is one of the recurring protagonists of the Haunted Mask series.
- Evan Ross is the main protagonist of the first four books of Monster Blood.
- Lizzy Morris is the protagonist of the first two HorrorLand books and a major protagonist of the HorrorLand series.
- The Menace is the main villain of the first story arc of the HorrorLand series.
- Jonathan Chiller is the main villain of the second arc of the Goosebumps HorrorLand series.
- Ray Gordon is the narrator character of the last part of the second arc of Goosebumps HorrorLand.
- Billy Deep is the protagonist of the Deep Troubleseries.
Original Goosebumps series
Following the success of Stine's
Spin-off series
The books in the Tales to Give You Goosebumps and Goosebumps Triple Header series were written as short story anthologies, featuring a collection of stories in each book.[33] From 1994 to 1997, six Tales to Give You Goosebumps books were published. Two Goosebumps Triple Header books were released from 1997 to 1998, beginning with Three Shocking Tales of Terror: Book 1.[34]
Fifty Give Yourself Goosebumps books were published from 1995 to 2000, starting with Escape from the Carnival of Horrors. The books in this series were written as gamebooks, featuring multiple endings.[35] The books in this series were ghostwritten by several authors, including Kathryn Lance and Stine's sister-in-law Megan Stine.[36][37][38] Many of the cover illustrations for this series were done by Mark Nagata.[39]
Due to declining Goosebumps sales and increasing competition (primarily from another series from Scholastic, Animorphs), Scholastic and R. L. Stine decided to create Goosebumps Series 2000.[40] From 1998 to 2000, 25 books in the series were published, beginning with Cry of the Cat. The books in this series were written in a similar format and featured similar content to the original series,[41] but Stine classified them as being "much scarier."[30] The covers in this series were illustrated by Tim Jacobus.[31]
The books in the
The series was renewed in 2008 following the release of the first book in the
Achievements, reception and controversy
Achievements
"The first 27 paperback backlist titles on our list are all Goosebumps. The phenomenon is even more astounding when the sales figures are added up. Scholastic sold 19,125,700 copies of Goosebumps frontlist titles in 1995, and 12,906,800 backlist titles, for a grand total of 32,032,500 copies sold".
—Diane Roback, an editor for Publishers Weekly[49]
Following the release of the first novel in the series, the books quickly became popular, selling a million copies a month soon after they first appeared,[6] and four million copies a month by the mid-1990s.[50] Individual Goosebumps books appeared in the New York Times Best Seller list for children[51] and the USA Today bestseller list.[52][53] In 2001, Publishers Weekly listed 46 books in the series in its list of bestselling children's paperback books of all time.[54] Goosebumps was a bestseller in many countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Australia.[55]
In 1996, the book series accounted for almost 15% of Scholastic's annual revenue. Following the decline of Goosebumps sales next year, Scholastic's sales had dropped 40%.[56] The decline in Goosebumps book sales had made front-page news of most newspaper business sections, which Patrick Jones stated "demonstrates the impact and importance of R. L. Stine. One writer, it seems, influences the fate of an entire company".[57]
As of 2008, the Goosebumps series maintains an 82% brand awareness among children 7–12.[58] It is listed as the number two bestselling children's book series of all time[59] and as Scholastic's bestselling children's book series of all time.[60] By 2014, according to Scholastic, there were 350 million copies of Goosebumps books sold in 32 languages,[61] including Chinese, Czech, Spanish, and Hebrew.[55] As of 2008, the book series sells about two million copies annually.[27]
Three books from the Goosebumps series have won the
Reception
Upon the release of the first book,
Stine's books have a reputation for getting children excited about reading, which the writer is very proud of.[22] James Carter, writing in Talking Books: Children's Authors Talk About the Craft, Creativity and Process of Writing, stated "regarding Point Horrors and Goosebumps, I feel that anything that children read avidly is a good thing".[71] Librarian and writer Patrick Jones commented that "[t]he real horror is a culture where kids, especially boys, don't read—and Stine has done his best to stop that turn of the screw from happening in his lifetime".[72]
Book challenges
Goosebumps was listed 15th in the list of most frequently
Adaptations and merchandise
Audiobooks
Television adaptations
In the 1990s, a Goosebumps TV series was produced in Canada by
On April 28, 2020, it was announced that a new Goosebumps
Film adaptations
A film adaptation of Goosebumps[87][88][89][90] was released on October 16, 2015,[91] directed by Rob Letterman[92] written by Darren Lemke[93] and duo Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski[94][95] with Neal H. Moritz and Deborah Forte, the latter of whom developed the TV series, producing the film[90] and stars Jack Black as a fictionalized version of R. L. Stine "whose scary characters literally leap off the page, forcing him to hide from his own creepy creations" with Dylan Minnette as Zach Cooper,[96] and Odeya Rush was cast as R. L. Stine's fictional daughter, Hannah.[97] In the film, Hannah's father R. L. Stine keeps all the monsters in the series locked up in his books. When Zach unintentionally releases the monsters from the books, Zach, Hannah, and Stine team up in order to put the monsters back where they came from.[97]
A sequel,
Video games
There are seven Goosebumps video games, two of which have been created for the PC by
Comics
A comic book series, titled
Other media
Goosebumps has spawned merchandise, including T-shirts,
Legal dispute
In November 1996, Scholastic, the publisher of the series,[125] and Parachute Press, the developer of the series,[26] agreed to a new contract. Scholastic retained control of book publishing and the TV series, but gave Parachute Press merchandising rights to the series. In September 1997, following a dispute between Scholastic and Parachute Press, Scholastic accused Parachute Press of violating the contract. Scholastic claimed that Parachute Press had been making merchandising deals and issuing press releases without Scholastic's required consent, and had begun withholding payments from them. In November 1997, Parachute responded by alleging Scholastic had repudiated its financial obligations, claiming Scholastic had voided its rights to publish 54 books. Parachute Press filed a lawsuit, which followed with numerous other suits and counter lawsuits[126] over who controls certain rights to the series. In 2003, the two sides reached an agreement, with Scholastic receiving the Goosebumps trademark and all other rights to the series for US$9.65 million.[26]
See also
Notes
- ^ As of January 1, 2022, consists of:
- 62 books in the Goosebumps series;
- 6 Tales to Give You Goosebumps books;
- 50 Give Yourself Goosebumps books;
- 18 Goosebumps Presents books;
- 3 Goosebumps Haunted Library books;
- 2 Goosebumps Autiobiography books;
- 2 Goosebumps Triple Header books;
- 25 Goosebumps Series 2000 books;
- 4 Goosebumps Graphix books;
- 19 Goosebumps HorrorLand books;
- 6 Goosebumps Hall of Horrors books;
- 14 Goosebumps Most Wanted books;
- 7 Goosebumps Movie books;
- 15 Goosebumps SlappyWorld books and
- 7 Misc Goosebumps books.
References
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