Government of Haiti
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The government of Haiti is a
Government
The government of Haiti is a
Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of the
The Institute for the Protection of National Heritage has preserved 33 historical monuments and the historic center of Cap-Haïtien.[5]
The legal system for torts is based on a version of the Napoleonic Code.[6]
In 2013, the annual budget was US$1 billion.[7]
History
19th century
20th century
In 1915, the
21st century
On February 29, 2004, a coup d'état led by the Group of 184 ousted the popularly elected president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, allegedly with the assistance of the French and United States governments; U.S. and French soldiers were on the ground in Haiti at the time, recently arrived (See controversy).[14]
The first elections since the overthrow were held on
Today
, for adults over 18.The constitution was modeled after those of the United States and of France. It was approved in March 1987, but it was completely suspended from June 1988 to March 1989 and was only fully reinstated in October 1994. Some members of the Haitian government have also recently stated there should be state mandated weddings by age 25, but this has been met with wide disdain.
Branches of government
Executive branch
Office | Name | Party | Since |
---|---|---|---|
President | Vacant | N/A | 7 July 2021 |
Prime Minister | Michel Patrick Boisvert (interim) | Independent | 25 February 2024 |
Haiti's executive branch is composed of two parts, the presidency and the government. In this sense, "government" refers specifically to the portion of the executive branch outside of the presidency, and not to Haiti's political system as a whole.[clarification needed]
President
The president is the head of state and elected by popular vote every five years for a five-year term, and may not serve consecutive terms.[18] The last presidential election was held on 20 November 2016.[18] The latest president was Jovenel Moïse until his assassination on 7 July 2021.
The president appoints the prime minister and his cabinet, which must be ratified by the National Assembly.
Cabinet
Haiti's cabinet, called Council of Ministers, is led by the Prime Minister, and includes other ministers.
The prime minister, the head of government, is appointed by the president and ratified by the National Assembly. He appoints the Ministers and Secretaries of State and goes before the National Assembly to obtain a vote of confidence for his declaration of general policy. The Prime Minister enforces the laws and, along with the President, is responsible for national defense.
The ministries of the Haitian government are:[19]
- Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Rural Development
- Ministry of Commerce and Industry
- Ministry of Women's Affairs
- Ministry of Communication
- Ministry of Defense
- Ministry of Economy and Finance
- Ministry of National Education
- Ministry of Environment
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Ministry of Health
- Ministry of Information and Coordination
- Ministry of Interior and Territorial Communities
- Ministry of Justice and Public Security
- Ministry of Planning and External Cooperation
- Ministry of Public Works, Transportation and Communications
- Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor
- Ministry of Tourism
Legislative branch
The bicameral
The last Senate elections were held on 28 November 2010 with run-off elections on 20 March 2011. The following Senate election, for one third of the seats, was to be held in 2012 but was not called. The last election of the Chamber of Deputies was held on 28 November 2010 with run-off elections on 20 March 2011. The next regular election of Deputies is to be held in 2014.[18]
Prior to a 2002 territorial law which created a tenth department, the Chamber of Deputies had eighty three seats and the Senate had twenty-seven.
Judicial branch
The legal system is based on the Roman civil law system. Haiti accepts compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice. There is a Supreme Court (Cour de Cassation), assisted by local and civil courts at a communal level.
The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, is in line to succeed the President in case of death or resignation, according to the 1987 Constitution of Haiti.
Administrative divisions
For reasons of administration, Haiti has been divided into ten departments. Each department is divided into from three to seven arrondissements, and arrondissements are further divided into communes. The departments are listed below, with the departmental capital cities in parentheses.
- Artibonite (Gonaïves)
- Centre (Hinche)
- Grand'Anse (Jérémie)
- Nippes (Miragoâne)
- Nord (Cap-Haïtien)
- Nord-Est (Fort-Liberté)
- Nord-Ouest (Port-de-Paix)
- Ouest (Port-au-Prince)
- Sud-Est (Jacmel)
- Sud (Les Cayes)
The departments are further divided into 41
See also
Notes
- ^ "1987 Constitution of the Republic of Haiti". ARTICLE 134: Georgetown University. pp. ARTICLE 134. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ Google, retrieved 2019-05-28
- ^ "1987 Constitution of the Republic of Haiti". ARTICLE 134: Georgetown University. pp. ARTICLE 134. Retrieved July 9, 2011.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ Sadowski, Dennis (August 6–19, 2010). "Hope and struggles remain in Haiti six months after earthquake". Orlando, Florida: Florida Catholic. pp. A7.
- ^ "Embassy of Haiti – Washington, DC". Retrieved 13 September 2016.
- ^ "Haitian Law". Archived from the original on 2013-06-30. Retrieved 2013-07-24.
- ^ Daniel, Trenton (July 8, 2013). "Haiti hopes push to woo tourists pays off". The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, Vermont. pp. 5A. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
- ^ "Haiti - History". kreyol.com. Retrieved 2017-05-17.
- OCLC 496738068.
- OCLC 807606124.
- OCLC 915418557.
- S2CID 146946226.
- ^ Brunello, Anthony R. (January 2017). "Duvalier Takes Power in Haiti". Salem Press Encyclopedia.
- ^ "French, U.S. troops fan out from Haiti's capital". NBC News. 19 March 2004. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
- ^ "Haitian senators vote to fire PM". news.bbc.co.uk. April 12, 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-10.
- ^ "Haiti MPs reject new PM candidate". news.bbc.co.uk. May 13, 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-10.
- ^ "Democracy Index 2021: the China challenge" (PDF). Economist Intelligence Unit.
- ^ a b c Central Intelligence Agency (31 October 2013). "The World Factbook: Haiti". Retrieved 2 December 2013.
- ^ P. Schutt-Ainé, Haiti: A Basic Reference Book, 166
References
- ISBN 1-58322-697-4.
- Schutt-Ainé, Patricia (1994). Haiti: A Basic Reference Book. Miami, Florida: Librairie Au Service de la Culture. pp. 165–167. ISBN 978-0-9638599-0-7.
External links
- Haiti's New Government Faces Historic Dilemmas U.S. Institute of PeaceBriefing, May 2006
- International Mission for Monitoring Haitian Elections