Hemigrapsus sanguineus
Hemigrapsus sanguineus | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Malacostraca |
Order: | Decapoda |
Suborder: | Pleocyemata |
Infraorder: | Brachyura |
Family: | Varunidae |
Genus: | Hemigrapsus |
Species: | H. sanguineus
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Binomial name | |
Hemigrapsus sanguineus | |
Synonyms [1] | |
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Hemigrapsus sanguineus, the Japanese shore crab or Asian shore crab, is a species of crab from East Asia. It has been introduced to several other regions, and is now an invasive species in North America and Europe. It was introduced to these regions by ships from Asia emptying their ballast tanks in coastal waters.
Description
H. sanguineus has a squarish
Ecology and life cycle
H. sanguineus is an "opportunistic omnivore" that prefers to eat other animals, especially
Females produce up to 50,000
Habitat
Typically, the crabs live in areas with large rocks, such as between boulders on rocky shores.[8] Hemigrapsus sanguineus inhabits many artificial structures such as on oyster reefs.[9] H. sanguineus can tolerate other habitats, such as salt marshes.[6]
Ecological impacts
The invasion of the habitat by the H. sanguineus has been characterized by rapid geographical expansion and widespread displacement of competing crab species.[10] Although this species has been introduced to such a large habitat, H. sanguineus is eaten by native crustacean-eating fish in these areas. Since the crabs are so abundant, some types of native fish even prefer the invading crab.[11] This may be due to the mouths of fish adapting to the size of H. sanguineus because they are the most abundant food source. On the other hand, native crabs also have adapted to eat H. sanguineus, possibly due to the availability of the food source or as an anti-predator strategy.[11] There is a possibility that H. sanguineus could expand in numbers in some areas where it is invasive, potentially overwhelming the habitat and out-competing native crustaceans, such as the blue crab and lobster.
Diet
Because the crabs are opportunistic omnivores, they will eat anything they can get their mouths around. H. sanguineus prefers to consume animals, but during a period of starvation, these crabs tend not to show a food preference.[4] Most of the animals consumed by H. sanguineus are small invertebrates, such as mussels, snails, and amphipods.[6] The diet of these crabs is overall very broad.
Distribution
The native distribution of H. sanguineus is in coastal waters of the northwestern Pacific Ocean, ranging from
Introduced distribution
The first record of this crab outside its native range[13][14][15] was from Townsends Inlet, Cape May County, New Jersey (between Avalon and Sea Isle City) in 1988.[2][16] The larvae are thought to have been transported in the ballast water of yachts and cargo ships.[8] From the 1990s, it spread as an invasive species and become increasingly common, now ranging from eastern Maine (Great Wass Island)[17] to North Carolina.[13]
In 1999, H. sanguineus was reported for the first time from European waters, having been discovered at
In 2020, positive identification of the species was confirmed within Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia. Since then, there have been many verified sightings and it is now classed as an established species in Victoria, Australia.
References
- ^ a b Peter Davie (2012). "Hemigrapsus sanguineus (De Haan, 1835)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
- ^ a b c d "Hemigrapsus sanguineus, Asian shore crab" (PDF). Guide to Marine Invaders in the Gulf of Maine. Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management. Retrieved July 29, 2012.
- ^ "Asian Shore Crab (Hemigrapsus sanguineus)/species profile".
- ^ doi:10.1651/c-2530.
- JSTOR 1549326.
- ^ a b c d "Hemigrapsus sanguineus (Asian shore crab)". www.cabi.org. Retrieved 2020-02-18.
- ^ a b c "Asian shore crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus" (PDF). Climate Change and Thermal Sensitivity of Canadian Atlantic Commercial Marine Species. Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Program, Natural Resources Canada. June 27, 2007. Project A515. Retrieved July 29, 2012.
- ^ .
- ^ "Asian Shore Crab". eattheinvaders.org. Retrieved 2020-02-18.
- .
- ^ .
- ^ .
- ^ a b Jessica D. Sharon. "Japanese Shore Crab (Hemigrapsus sanguineus)". Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant College Program. Archived from the original on March 3, 2011. Retrieved August 26, 2007.
- ORCID 0000-0002-4064-0585)
- ISSN 0022-0981.
- PMID 29303652.
- Maine Sun Journal. Associated Press. October 5, 2013. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
- S2CID 86120736.
- .
- ^ Bernd Obert; Marc Herlyn; Michael Grotjahn (2007). "First records of two crabs from the North West Pacific Hemigrapsus sanguineus and H. takanoi at the coast of Lower Saxony, Germany" (PDF). Wadden Sea Newsletter. 2007: 21–22.
- ^ GB Non-native Species Secretariat (September 2015). "Hemigrapsus sanguineus (Asian shore crab)". nonnativespecies.org. Archived from the original on 27 December 2018. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
- .
- ^ Invasive crab found once more in Swedish waters, Radio Sweden, 2015-08-07
- ^ Nytt fynd av blåskrabba nära Orust, Länsstyrelsen Västra Götaland, 2019-07-18, Swedish only
- ^ Østebø, S.U.; S.M. Hansen (29 October 2019). "Sjældent krabbe-fund i Danmark vækker bekymring". TV2 News. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
External links
- Species Profile – Asian shore crab (Hemigrapsus sanguineus), National Invasive Species Information Center, United States National Agricultural Library