Hisar (city)
Hisar | ||
---|---|---|
Precipitation 490.6 millimetres (19.31 in) | | |
Avg. summer temperature | 32.5 °C (90.5 °F) | |
Avg. winter temperature | 17.6 °C (63.7 °F) | |
Website | www www |
Hisar Hisar district in the state of Haryana in northwestern India. It is located 164 km (102 mi) to the west of New Delhi, India's capital, and has been identified as a counter-magnet city for the National Capital Region to develop as an alternative center of growth to Delhi.
also known as Hissar is the administrative headquarters ofThe city was ruled by several major powers, including the Mauryans in the third century BC, the Tughlaqs in the 14th century, the Mughals in the 16th century, and the British in the 19th century. After India achieved independence, it was unified with the state of Punjab. When the Punjab was divided in 1966, Hisar became part of Haryana.
The current name was given in 1354 AD, as Hisar-e-Firoza by
History
Early history
Archeological excavations at nearby locations of
Tughlaq era
Hisar was founded in 1354 AD, as 'Hisar-e-Firoza' by
The city later came under the rule of
Mughal era
When Babur invaded India in 1524–1526, Hisar was part of Ibrahim Lodi's empire.
British era
Hisar was occupied by
For their participation in
After independence
After independence, the city became a part of Punjab and later Haryana in 1966.
Geography
Hisar is located at 29°05′N 75°26′E / 29.09°N 75.43°E in western Haryana. It has an average elevation of 215 m (705 ft) above mean sea level. The region is part of the
Climate
Hisar has a continental climate, with very hot summers and relatively cool winters.[18] The main characteristics of climate in Hisar are dryness, extremes of temperature, and scanty rainfall.[19] The maximum daytime temperature during the summer varies between 40 and 46 °C (104 and 115 °F). During winter, its ranges between 1.5 °C and 4 °C.[20] Maximum temperature recorded is 48.3 °C (118.9 °F) in May 1944, whereas the minimum temperature recorded is −3.9 °C (25.0 °F) in January 1929. Annual average maximum and minimum temperature is 32.3 °C (90.1 °F) and 15.4 °C (59.7 °F), respectively. Relative humidity varies from 5 to 100%.[19]
Hisar is located on the outer margins of the
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record high °C (°F) | 31.0 (87.8) |
35.3 (95.5) |
45.6 (114.1) |
47.9 (118.2) |
48.8 (119.8) |
48.4 (119.1) |
47.2 (117.0) |
44.3 (111.7) |
42.2 (108.0) |
41.7 (107.1) |
36.7 (98.1) |
33.6 (92.5) |
48.8 (119.8) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 20.5 (68.9) |
24.5 (76.1) |
30.4 (86.7) |
37.5 (99.5) |
41.4 (106.5) |
41.1 (106.0) |
37.3 (99.1) |
36.2 (97.2) |
36.2 (97.2) |
34.4 (93.9) |
29.2 (84.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
32.7 (90.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7.2 (45.0) |
10.0 (50.0) |
15.1 (59.2) |
21.0 (69.8) |
25.7 (78.3) |
27.9 (82.2) |
27.6 (81.7) |
26.9 (80.4) |
24.9 (76.8) |
19.3 (66.7) |
13.0 (55.4) |
8.2 (46.8) |
18.9 (66.0) |
Record low °C (°F) | −3.9 (25.0) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
2.8 (37.0) |
6.6 (43.9) |
13.5 (56.3) |
17.8 (64.0) |
20.4 (68.7) |
20.0 (68.0) |
14.0 (57.2) |
8.3 (46.9) |
2.5 (36.5) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 11.7 (0.46) |
20.0 (0.79) |
16.2 (0.64) |
11.2 (0.44) |
29.3 (1.15) |
63.3 (2.49) |
129.8 (5.11) |
113.3 (4.46) |
81.8 (3.22) |
7.9 (0.31) |
2.2 (0.09) |
4.6 (0.18) |
491.5 (19.35) |
Average rainy days | 1.2 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 4.0 | 6.5 | 5.6 | 3.0 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 28.3 |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST )
|
56 | 48 | 40 | 26 | 28 | 38 | 59 | 62 | 55 | 43 | 48 | 55 | 46 |
Source: India Meteorological Department[21][22] |
Civic administration
Hisar City officials | |
---|---|
Member of Parliament
|
Brijendra Singh
|
Member of Legislative Assembly
|
Kamal Gupta[23] |
Commissioner, Hisar Division | Chander Shekhar[24] |
Commissioner, Municipal Corporation | Ashok Kumar Garg[24] |
Deputy Commissioner | Priyanka Soni[24] |
Superintendent of Police
|
Balwan Singh Rana[24] |
Hisar became a municipality in 1867.
Hisar elects its member to the legislative assembly for
Economy
The city has a large
Demographics
According to the 2011 census of India, Hisar has a population of 301,249[42] and is currently the 141st-most populated city in India.[43] Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%, with 844 females per thousand males. Hisar has an average literacy rate of 81.04%, higher than the national average: male literacy is 86.13% and female literacy is 75.00%. In Hisar, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age and the child sex ratio is 860 girls per thousand boys. Although Hisar city has population of 301,249, its urban population is 306,893, of which 166,623 are males and 140,270 are females.[1] The decadal growth rate was 27.06%.[44] Historically, Hisar had an estimated population of 7,000 people in 1843.[45]
Religion
Over 97% of the city's population are followers of Hinduism. The remaining 3% are followers of Sikhism, Jainism, Islam, and Christianity.[1] The city had a major Muslim population before Indian Independence in 1947, following which most Muslims migrated to Pakistan during the Partition of India.[6] It was also a major centre of learning for Digambara Jains and was once the seat of Bhattaraka, head of Digambara Jain institutions.[46]
Religion | Population (1911)[47] | Percentage (1911) | Population (1941)[48]: 30 | Percentage (1941) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hinduism | 9,530 | 55.53% | 15,921 | 55.63% |
Islam | 7,063 | 41.15% | 11,116 | 38.84% |
Sikhism | 97 | 0.57% | 390 | 1.36% |
Christianity | 67 | 0.39% | 166 | 0.58% |
Others [a] | 405 | 2.36% | 1,025 | 3.58% |
Total Population | 17,162 | 100% | 28,618 | 100% |
Culture
Most of the popular Indian festivals are celebrated in the city including
Architecture
Signs of
Places of interest
The oldest park located in the city is the
Media
Facilities
Utility services
Before
Healthcare
People from Punjab and
Transport
Road
The city lies on
Bus service is the major means of transport in the town.
Rail
Hisar is a railway
Air
Hisar Airport is located on the outskirts of the city and is currently under re-development.[85] In August 2012, the DGCA approved the Haryana state government's plan to develop the airport to operate domestic passenger services. Its 4,000-foot (1,200 m) runway will be extended to 6,000 ft (1,800 m) to accommodate air service.
Education
Before the British Raj, indigenous schools provided elementary education. Till 1892, the city had only one middle school.[6] The first private school, CAV High School, was set up by Arya Samaj in 1918.[25] Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities was the first university established in Hisar, in 1971.[86] Other universities located in the city are Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences and Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth, Hisar.[18] Commercial and private pilot license training is provided by the Haryana Institute of Civil Aviation (HICA) from Hisar Airport built in 1965.[87][88]
A few agricultural and veterinary research centers are also situated in the city such as
Sports
Sports persons from Hisar include Manvinder Bisla in cricket, Saina Nehwal in badminton, Pinki Jangra in boxing and Manandeep Singh in football. In April 2012, Ajay Kumar from Hisar qualified for 2012 Summer Olympics.[102]
Notable people
- Dr. Israr Ahmed, Pakistani religious scholar
- Dushyant Chautala, Indian politician
- Kamal Gupta, Indian politician
- Jasraj, Hindustani classical vocalist
- Om Prakash Jindal, Indian businessman
- Saina Nehwal, Indian badminton player
- Shivangi Pathak, Indian mountaineer
- Yashpal Sharma, actor
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Further reading
- Juneja, M. M. History of Hisar: From Inception To Independence, 1354–1947 1989, Haryana: Modern Book Co., 484 pp. OCLC 21197085
- Juneja, M.M. Hisar City: Places & Personalities 2004, Haryana: Modern Publishers, 744 pp.
- Ojha, J. S. B. S. Resource Planning Atlas Of Western Haryana: Sirsa And Hisar Districts 1996, Haryana: National Book Organisation, 207 pp. ISBN 81-85135-81-9
- Gazetteer Of The Hisar District 1883–84 2001, Haryana: Sang-E-Meel Publications, 72 pp. ISBN 978-969-35-1114-7
- Shokoohy, M. & Shokoohy, N. H. Hisar-i Firuza: Sultanate and Early Mughal Architecture in the District of Hisar, India 1988: Araxus Books, 172 pp. ISBN 1-870606-01-9