Infobox
An infobox is a digital or physical
An infobox may be implemented in another document by
Wikipedia
An infobox may be used to summarize the information of an article on Wikipedia.[3] They are used on similar articles to ensure consistency of presentation by using a common format.[4][2] Originally, infoboxes (and templates in general) were used for page layout purposes.[2] An infobox may be transcluded into an article by specifying the value for some or all of its parameters.[5] The parameter name used must be the same as that specified in the infobox template, but any value may be associated to it.[5] The name is delimited from the value by an equals sign.[5] The parameter name may be regarded as an attribute of the article's subject.[6]
{{Infobox prepared food
| name =
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| alternate_name =
| country =
| region =
| creator =
| course =
| type =
| served =
| main_ingredient =
| variations =
| calories =
| other =
}}
|
{{Infobox prepared food
| name = Crostata
| image = Crostata limone e zenzero 3.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Crostata with lemon ginger filling
| alternate_name =
| country = [[Italy]]
| region = [[Lombardia]]
| creator =
| course = [[Dessert]]
| type = [[Tart]]
| served =
| main_ingredient = Pastry crust, [[jam]] or [[ricotta]], fruit
| variations = ''Crostata di frutta'', ''crostata di ricotta'', many other sweet or savoury variations
| calories =
| other =
}}
|
The infobox Infobox prepared food used on Wikipedia food-related articles, with no values specified for its parameters (attributes).
|
The same infobox as implemented in the article wiki markup: entries enclosed in square brackets (e.g. [[Tart]]) will be rendered as a link to the respective Wikipedia article (e.g. Tart ), and the linked file will be transcluded into the article in place of its markup.
|
On Wikipedia, an infobox is transcluded into an article by enclosing its name and attribute–value pairs within a double set of
Placement of an infobox within the
Baeza-Yates and King say that some editors find templates such as infoboxes complicated,[10] as the template may hide text about a property or resource that the editor wishes to change; this is exacerbated by chained templates, that is templates transcluded within other templates.[10]
As of August 2009, English Wikipedia used about 3,000 infobox templates that collectively used more than 20,000 attributes.[11] Since then, many have been merged, to reduce redundancy. As of June 2013, there were at least 1,345,446 transclusions of the parent Infobox template,[12] used by some, but not all, infoboxes, on 4,251,127 articles.
The name of an Infobox is typically "Infobox [genre]"; however, widely used infoboxes may be assigned shorter names, such as "taxobox" for taxonomy.[8]
Machine learning
About 44.2% of Wikipedia articles contained an infobox in 2008,
Knowledge obtained by machine learning can be used to improve an article, such as by using automated software suggestions to editors for adding infobox data.[13] The iPopulator project created a system to add a value to an article's infobox parameter via an automated parsing of the text of that article.[11]
DBpedia uses structured content extracted from infoboxes[2] by machine learning algorithms to create a resource of linked data in the Semantic Web; it has been described by Tim Berners-Lee as "one of the more famous" components of the linked data project.[17]
Machine extraction creates a triple consisting of a subject, predicate or relation, and object.[1] Each attribute-value pair of the infobox is used to create an RDF statement using an ontology.[18] This is facilated by the narrower gap between Wikipedia and an ontology than exists between unstructured or free text and an ontology.[19]
The semantic relationship between the subject and object is established by the predicate.[1] In the example infobox, the triple ("crostata", type, "tart") indicates that a crostata is a type of tart. The article's topic is used as the subject, the parameter name is used as the predicate, and the parameter's value as the object.[18][1] Each type of infobox is mapped to an ontology class, and each property (parameter) within an infobox is mapped to an ontology property.[20] These mappings are used when parsing a Wikipedia article to extract data.
Metadata
By presenting the basic facts of an article within an infobox, also allows the facts to be presented in a machine-friendly way allowing extra functionality such as when a link to a wikipedia is pasted into a compatible program, instead of just the link itself being posted other information such as the articles image is posted too.
Citations
- ^ a b c d e Baeza-Yates & King 2009, p. 31.
- ^ a b c d e Liyang 2011, p. 385.
- ^ a b Broughton 2008, p. 357.
- ^ a b Broughton 2008, p. 17.
- ^ a b c Broughton 2008, p. 18.
- ^ Baeza-Yates & King 2009, p. 30.
- ^ Broughton 2008, p. 234.
- ^ a b Broughton 2008, p. 235.
- wikitext layout is specified at Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section.
- ^ a b Baeza-Yates & King 2009, p. 345.
- ^ a b Lange, Böhm & Naumann 2010, p. 7.
- List of Wikimedia projects. 7 June 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
- ^ a b c Baeza-Yates & King 2009, p. 28.
- ^ Lange, Böhm & Naumann 2010, p. 5.
- ^ Geertman, Reinhardt & Toppen 2011, p. 493.
- ^ The project is hosted on the French Wikipedia page Infobox/V2.
- ^ Miller 2008.
- ^ a b Liyang 2011, p. 387.
- ^ Virvou & Matsuura 2012, p. 315.
- ^ Liyang 2011, p. 395.
Works cited
- Baeza-Yates, Ricardo; King, Irwin, eds. (2009). Weaving services and people on the World Wide Web. Springer. LCCN 2009926100.
- Broughton, John (2008-07-14). Barber, Nan; Meyers, Peter (eds.). ISBN 9780596553777.
- Geertman, Stan; Reinhardt, Wolfgang; Toppen, Fred, eds. (2011). Advancing geoinformation science for a changing world. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. Vol. 1. Springer. LCCN 2011925152.
- Lange, Dustin; Böhm, Christoph; Naumann, Felix (2010). Extracting Structured Information from Wikipedia Articles to Populate Infoboxes. Universitätsverlag Potsdam. ISBN 9783869560816. Archived from the original on 2014-06-06. Retrieved 2013-06-02.)
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help - Yu, Liyang (2011). A Developer's Guide to the Semantic Web. Springer. ISBN 9783642159695.
- Miller, Paul (2008-02-07). "Sir Tim Berners-Lee Talks with Talis about the Semantic Web". Transcription by CastingWords. Talis Group. Archived from the original on 2013-05-10. Retrieved 2013-06-02.
- Virvou, Maria; Matsuura, Saeko, eds. (2012). Knowledge-based Software Engineering: Proceedings of the Tenth Joint Conference on Knowledge-Based Software Engineering. Frontiers and Artificial Intelligence and Applications. Vol. 240. IOS Press. LCCN 2012943674.
Further reading
- Kiran, Kumar N.; Santosh, G.S.K.; Varma, Vasudeva (June 2011). Multidisciplinary Information Retrieval. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 6653. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. S2CID 9901886.
- Chutiporn, Anutariya; Domingue, John, eds. (2008). The Semantic Web: 3rd Asian Semantic Web Conference, ASWC 2008, Bangkok, Thailand, December 8-11, 2008. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 5367. Springer. ISSN 0302-9743.
- Wu, Fei; Hoffmann, Ralph; Weld, Daniel s. (2008). "Information extraction from Wikipedia". Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining. S2CID 7781746.