Insubordination

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Insubordination is the act of willfully

armed forces, which depend on people lower in the chain of command
obeying orders.

Military

Sixteen blindfolded partisan youth await execution by German forces in Serbia, August 1941. Allegedly, German soldier Josef Schulz refused to take part in the action and was executed along with the youth.

Insubordination is when a service member willfully disobeys the lawful orders of a superior

Nuremberg defense
).

In the U.S. military, insubordination is covered under Article 91 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice.[5] It covers disobeying lawful orders as well as disrespectful language or even striking a superior. The article for insubordination should not be confused with the article for contempt. While Article 91 of the UCMJ deals predominantly with disobeying or disrespecting a superior and applies to enlisted members and warrant officers, Article 88 involves the use of contemptuous words against certain appointed or elected officials and only applies to commissioned officers.[6]

According to a 2021 typology, military disobedience can take four forms: "defiance, refinement, grudging obedience, and exit."[7] A 2019 study argued that military disobedience may arise when a tension is created in the social networks of a soldier, which gives the soldier motivations and justifications to disobey orders.[8]

Private sector

Other types of hierarchical structures, especially corporations, may use insubordination as a reason for dismissal or censure of an employee.

There have been court cases in the

faculty member.[9][10]

In the modern

Disciplined Minds, American physicist and writer Jeff Schmidt points out that professionals are trusted to run organizations in the interests of their employers. Because employers cannot be on hand to manage every decision, professionals are trained "to make sure that the subtext of each and every detail of their work advances the right interests—or skewers the disfavored ones" in the absence of overt control.[11]

Notable examples

There have been a number of famous and notorious people who have committed insubordination or publicly objected to an organizational practice.

See also

References

  1. ^ usmilitary.about.com. Article 90—Assaulting or willfully disobeying superior commissioned officer Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed December 9, 2010.
  2. ^ usmilitary.about.com.Article 91—Insubordinate conduct toward warrant officer, NCO, or PO Archived 2016-04-10 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed December 9, 2010.
  3. ^ usmilitary.about.com.Article 92—Failure to obey order or regulation Archived 2016-05-11 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed December 9, 2010.
  4. ^ usmilitary.about.com.Article 94—Mutiny and sedition Archived 2016-03-10 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed December 9, 2010.
  5. ^ usmilitary.about.com.Article 91—Insubordinate conduct toward warrant officer, NCO, or PO Archived 2016-04-10 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed November 25, 2013.
  6. ^ usmilitary.about.com.Article 88—Contempt toward officials Archived 2016-04-14 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed December 9, 2010.
  7. doi:10.1093/jogss/ogab003
    .
  8. doi:10.1177/1354066118823891
    .
  9. ISBN 0-8058-3754-X
    . Google Book Search. Retrieved on December 10, 2010.
  10. ISBN 978-0-7879-7095-6
    . Google Book Search. Retrieved on December 10, 2010.
  11. ISBN 0-7425-1685-7
    . Google Book Search. Retrieved on December 10, 2010.

External links

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