José Gálvez Egúsquiza
José Gálvez Egúsquiza | |
---|---|
Minister of War and Navy | |
In office November 26, 1865 – May 2, 1866 | |
President | Mariano Ignacio Prado |
Preceded by | José Balta |
Succeeded by | Pedro Bustamante |
President of the National Convention (Congress of Peru) | |
In office 1856–1856 | |
Preceded by | Miguel de San Román |
Succeeded by | Manuel Toribio Ureta |
In office 1857–1857 | |
Preceded by | Francisco Quirós |
Succeeded by | Convention closed |
Constituent Deputy for Pasco (Junín) | |
In office July 14, 1855 – November 2, 1857 | |
Personal details | |
Born | Cajamarca | March 17, 1819
Died | May 2, 1866 Callao | (aged 47)
Parent(s) | José Gálvez Paz María Micaela de Egúsquiza |
Alma mater | National University of San Marcos |
Military service | |
Allegiance | Peru |
Branch/service | Peruvian Army |
Years of service | 1854–1855, 1860, 1866 |
Rank | Colonel |
Battles/wars | Liberal Revolution of 1854 1860 Coup d'état attempt Peruvian Civil War of 1865 Chincha Islands War |
José Gabriel Gálvez Egúsquiza (
Chilean historian Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna, who met him in person, described him as "a man of modest figure, small of body, dark, pale, with a carefully combed head, careful in his suit and extremely soft and attractive manners. But under that cold and sweet appearance he hid a big heart and a vast and developed intelligence."
Biography
His parents were Colonel José Manuel Gálvez Paz from Lima and María Micaela Egúsquiza y Aristizábal.[1] He was the eldest of his brothers, who included Pedro Gálvez Egúsquiza and Manuel María Gálvez Egúsquiza.[2] His first studies were made at the Cajamarca Central College of Sciences and Arts, run by the Presbyter Juan Pío Burga. After completing his studies, he helped his parents for some time in the work of their Catudén Hacienda.
In 1842 he moved to Lima, enrolling in the
In 1850 he returned to Lima, and joined the Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe National College as a professor of Moral Philosophy, Psychology, Logic, and Theodicy. In 1852 he was appointed director of the same, replacing his brother Pedro Gálvez and he printed a marked liberal tendency in the studies, contrasting with the conservative orientation followed in the Carolina convictorio.[2]
He left teaching to join the revolution started by General Ramón Castilla, in Arequipa,[2] and helped to decide the abolition of the indigenous tax and the emancipation of slaves (1854), for which he had advocated theoretically in his teaching. After the victorious battle of La Palma (January 5, 1855), he was appointed rector of the Convictorio de San Carlos, where he strove to counteract the influence of Herrera.[3]
Later he was elected deputy for the
In 1857 Castilla dissolved the National Convention, an attitude that turned Gálvez into a staunch opponent, collaborating in the newspaper El Constitucional (April 3 to August 1, 1858). Castilla convened an ordinary Congress and had a new Constitution discussed in it, which was the
On December 14, 1860, he left Callao with one of his minor children, bound for Panama, traveling to Paris and then to Geneva. She returned to Peru on November 2, 1862 and devoted herself to law. The following year she obtained a doctorate in Jurisprudence at the National University of San Marcos, with a thesis on the autonomous nature of scientific institutions with respect to the State.
In 1865 he was elected dean of the
When, in April 1866, he found out about the manifesto made from the frigate Captain Numancia by Admiral Casto Méndez Núñez, commander of the Spanish Squad, threatening to bombard Callao within four days.[2] Gálvez assumed the direction of the defense of the port and He built a series of batteries, located to the north and south, placing the weak and few warships in the center. In the northern defense was the Junín tower, the Ayacucho fort and the famous cannon of the town; On the southern batteries, the Santa Rosa fort, the Merced tower, which was revolving and armored, and the Zepita battery, which faced the Mar Brava.
On May 2, 1866, in the early hours of the fighting, one of the Blakely cannons at Fort Santa Rosa was disabled. A bomb from the Spanish frigate Almansa entered through one of the doors and fell into some gunpowder warehouses, causing an immense explosion that destroyed the tower of La Merced, where Gálvez was, along with some officers and soldiers.
The following day, the Peruvian Government issued a Decree ordering that Gálvez be considered "First Chief" in the Plaza Artillery Battalion. And when his name was read in the act of review, the commander replied: "He died heroically in the Defense of the Homeland and in Honor of America." Gálvez was buried in a mausoleum at the Presbítero Maestro Cemetery.[2]
Legacy
His status as a war hero in Peru is comparable to that of
A victory column was inaugurated in the former Ovalo de la Reina, in front of the Callao gate of the old wall of Lima. Originally, the design was to have the bust of Gálvez at its top, but later it was agreed to replace it with the statue of Victory, since it was considered that the monument should pay homage to all the defenders of Callao and not just to a particular individual.[5]
Family
On September 7, 1846, he married Ángela Moreno y Maíz in Tarma, daughter of sergeant major José Moreno y Mantilla and María del Carmen Maíz,[2] who belonged to a wealthy family dedicated to mining businesses in the Iglesia del Milagro Church in Lima. Among their seven children were:
- María Gálvez Moreno, who married Peruvian Army Colonel Samuel Palacios Mendiburu in 1882.
- Angélica Gálvez Moreno, who married Manuel Bernardo Sayán Palacios on August 4, 1892.
- Justiniano Aurelio Gálvez Moreno, who married Amalia Barrenechea de la Fuente, daughter of the jurist and diplomat José Antonio Barrenechea y Morales , who were parents of the politician José Gálvez Barrenechea.
- José Gálvez Moreno, politician, sailor and Peruvian war hero of the War of the Pacific. He married Enriqueta Evens y Evens.
- Luis Augusto Gálvez Moreno
- Gerardo Wencelao Gálvez Moreno
- Carlos Enrique Gabriel Gálvez Moreno
See also
References
- ^ Bravo Maxdeo, Roosevelt (2016). Gálvez, en el sesquicentenario de su muerte heroica (in Spanish). Biblioteca FMP.
- ^ Congress of Peru.
- ^ a b Leguía, Jorge Guillermo (1941). Discurso pronunciado en el General de San Marcos el 21 de junio de 1931 (in Spanish). ACI. p. 142.
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ignored (help) - Congress of Peru. 1856.
- ^ "Un monumento para todos". El Comercio. 1997-06-15.
Bibliography
- Basadre Grohmann, Jorge Alfredo (1939). Historia de la República del Perú. Peru. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.)
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