Kielce

Coordinates: 50°52′27″N 20°38′00″E / 50.87417°N 20.63333°E / 50.87417; 20.63333
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Kielce (disambiguation).
Kielce
Bishops' Palace
  • Galeria Korona
  • Jan Kochanowski University
    • Car plates
    		TK
    Highways
    Websitehttp://www.kielce.eu

    Kielce (Polish:

    romanized: Keltz) is a city in southern Poland and the capital of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. In 2021, it had 192,468 inhabitants.[1] The city is in the middle of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains (Holy Cross Mountains), on the banks of the Silnica River, in the northern part of the historical Polish province of Lesser Poland
    .

    Kielce has a history back over 900 years, and the exact date that it was founded remains unknown.[2] Kielce was once an important centre of limestone mining, and the vicinity is famous for its natural resources like copper, lead, uranium, and iron, which, over the centuries, were exploited on a large scale.

    There are several fairs and exhibitions held in Kielce throughout the year. One of the city's most famous food products is Kielecki Mayonnaise, a type of mayonnaise.[3]

    The city and its surroundings are also known for their historic architecture, green spaces, and recreational areas like the Świętokrzyski National Park.[4] In sports, the city is known as the home of the top-tier handball club, multiple Polish Champion, and one-time EHF Champions League winner Vive Kielce.

    Etymology

    According to a local legend,

    Boleslaus I of Poland, during hunting, stopped to rest and refresh and fall asleep. During his sleep, he had a dream he was attacked by a band of brigands in a forest. In the dream he saw a vision of Saint Adalbert who drew a winding line which turned into a stream. When Mieszko woke up, he found the Silnica River whose waters helped him regain strength. He also discovered white tusks of an animal, perhaps wild boar. Mieszko announced he would build a town and a church to St. Adalbert at that site. According to this legend, the town's name Kielce commemorates the mysterious tusks (kieł in Polish). Various other legends exist to explain the name's origin. One states that the town was named after its founder who belonged to the noble family of Kiełcz, while another claims that it stems from the Celts who may have lived in the area in previous centuries. Other theories connect the town's name to occupational names relating to mud huts, iron tips for arrows and spears, or the production of tar (pkielce, a settlement of tar makers).[5]

    The most probable etymology traces the origins of the name to an

    Old Polish noun kielce (plural form of kielec, "sprout") and refers to plants sprouting in the wetlands where the settlement was located.[6] The earliest extant document referring to the settlement by the name of Kielce dates to 1213.[7]

    History

    Polish manor house called dworek, dating back to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
    . The pictured house is one of the city's most precious buildings

    The area of Kielce has been inhabited since at least the 5th century BC. Until the 6th or 7th century, the banks of the Silnica were inhabited by Celts. They were driven out by a Lechitic tribe of Vistulans who started hunting in the nearby huge forests and had settled most of the area now known as Lesser Poland and present-day Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. The lands of Wiślanie were at first subdued by Bohemia, however they soon came under the control of the Piast dynasty and became a part of the emerging Polish state.

    Kielce Cathedral is the city's landmark. A carillon was installed within the cathedral's bell tower

    The area of the

    city rights. In the mid-13th century the town was destroyed by the Mongol invasion of Ögedei Khan
    , but it quickly recovered.

    Within the Polish Kingdom, Kielce was administratively located in the

    Vasa dynasty
    to survive World War II.

    During

    nationalized and the burgers were granted the right to elect their own representatives in Sejm. The 3rd Infantry Regiment of the Polish Crown Army was stationed in Kielce in 1789.[8] Until the end of the century the city's economy entered a period of fast growth. A brewery
    was founded as well as several brick factories, a horse breeder, hospital.

    Foreign partitions of Poland

    Camp of the Russian Imperial Army near Kielce during the January Uprising, 1863

    As a result of the

    Republic of Kraków), Kielce became the capital of the Kraków Voivodeship. Thanks to the efforts by Stanisław Staszic Kielce became the centre of the newly established Old-Polish Industrial Zone (Staropolski Okręg Przemysłowy). The town grew quickly as new mines, quarries and factories were constructed. In 1816 the first Polish technical university was founded in Kielce. However, after Staszic's death the Industrial Zone declined and in 1826 the school was moved to Warsaw and became the Warsaw University of Technology
    .

    In 1830 many of the inhabitants of Kielce took part in the

    1905 Revolution and were joined by factory workers.[9]

    Sovereign Poland

    Governor's Palace
    , 1914

    After the outbreak of

    Central Industrial Area
    (Centralny Okręg Przemysłowy). The town housed several big factories, among them the munitions factory "Granat" and the food processing plant "Społem".

    Second World War

    During the

    Gwardia Ludowa
    (GL).

    Following the invasion, the German Einsatzgruppe II entered the city to commit various atrocities against the population,[10] and the occupiers established a special court in Kielce.[11] In September–November 1939, the Germans also operated a temporary Dulag transit camp for some 3,000 Polish prisoners of war.[12] The POWs were held in poor conditions, there were cases of dysentery and typhoid fever, and 18 POWs were executed by the Germans.[12] Local Poles provided food and medicine to the POWs.[12]

    In January and March 1940, the Germans carried out mass arrests of local Poles as part of the AB-Aktion.[13] Among the victims were teachers, priests, and local political and social activists, including women. Arrested Poles were either imprisoned in the local prison, deported to concentration camps or massacred, with a notable massacre of 63 people committed by the Germans on June 12, 1940, at a local stadium.[14] Many Poles from the prison in Kielce were also murdered in the Brzask forest near Skarżysko-Kamienna on June 29, 1940.[15] At least five local Polish boy scouts were killed by the Germans during the war.[16]

    Monument to Polish partisans of World War II

    Notable acts of resistance included theft of 2 tons of TNT from the "Społem" factory run by the Nazis, which were then used by the partisans to make hand grenades. Also, the daring escape from jail in Kielce of a dozen or so AK members, organized in November 1942 by Stanisław Depczyński. Not to mention, a grenade attack by a unit of the GL on the Smoleński coffee shop, killing 6 Germans including a major in the

    SS (February 1943), as well as the assassination of the noted Gestapo informant Franz Wittek on 15 June 1944, by a unit under Second Lt. Kazimierz Smolak on the corner of Solna and Paderewski Streets. One of the attackers died during the attack and a further four lost their lives not long afterwards. This was not the first assassination attempt against Wittek. In 1942, Henryk Pawelec fired at him in the market square, but his pistol misfired. In February 1943, a unit under the command of Stanisław Fąfar shot at Wittek by the Seminarium building. Wittek, though wounded by 14 bullets, survived. Successful assassinations of local collaborators, including the shooting of Jan Bocian took place in broad daylight at a shop in Bodzentyńska Street. Similar was the attack on the factory of C. Wawrzyniak in March 1943, terrorizing and disarming the volksdeutscher workers and destroying the machinery, as well as the attack on the HASAG factory in May 1943 and the takeover of the Kielce Herbskie railway station.[17] The underground University of the Western Lands gave secret lectures in Kielce.[18]

    From 1942 to 1944, the Germans operated a collection camp for Soviet POWs, seen as potential colaborators.[19]

    In 1944, during and following the Warsaw Uprising, the Germans deported thousands of Varsovians from the Dulag 121 camp in Pruszków, where they were initially imprisoned, to Kielce.[20] Those Poles were mainly old people, ill people and women with children.[20] 9,000 Poles expelled from Warsaw stayed in Kielce, as of November 1, 1944.[20]

    Moreover, the hills and forests of

    Holy Cross Mountains became a scene of heavy partisan activity. A small town of Pińczów located some 30 kilometres (19 miles) from Kielce became the capital of the so-called Pinczów Republic, a piece of Polish land controlled by the partisans. The "Jodla" Świętokrzyskie Mountains Home Army fought against the Germans long before Operation Tempest inflicted heavy casualties on the occupying forces and later took part in the final liberation of their towns and cities in January 1945. During the war, many of inhabitants of Kielce lost their lives. Following the war, Kielce was restored to Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, which stayed in power until the 1980s. In August 1945, the Polish resistance led by Antoni Heda and Stefan Bembiński carried out the Raid on Kielce Prison
    and liberated some 350 prisoners.

    Jewish history

    Kielce Synagogue, built 1903-1909

    Prior to the 1939

    Russian census of 1897, among the total population of 23,200 inhabitants, there were 6,400 Jews in Kielce (around 27 percent).[21] On the eve of the Second World War there were about 18,000 Jews in the city. Between the onset of war and March 1940, the Jewish population of Kielce expanded to 25,400 (35% of all residents),[22] with trains of dispossessed Jews arriving under the escort of German Order Police battalions from the Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany.[23]

    Immediately after the German

    the Holocaust in occupied Poland.[24]

    In April 1941, the Kielce Ghetto was formed, surrounded by high fences, barbed wire, and guards.[25] The gentile Poles were ordered to vacate the area and the Jews were given one week to relocate. The ghetto was split in two, along Warszawska Street (Nowowarszawska) with the Silnica River (pl) running through it.[22] The so-called large ghetto was set up between the streets of Orla, Piotrkowska, Pocieszka, and Warszawska to the east, and the smaller ghetto between Warszawska on the west, and the streets of Bodzentyńska, St. Wojciech, and the St. Wojciech square. The ghetto gates were closed on 5 April 1941; the Jewish Ghetto Police was formed with 85 members and ordered to guard it.[26] Meanwhile, expulsions elsewhere and deportations to Kielce continued until August 1942 at which time there were 27,000 prisoners crammed in the ghetto. Trains with Jewish families arrived from the entire Kielce Voivodeship, and also from Vienna, Poznań, and Łódź.[22]

    The severe overcrowding, rampant hunger, and outbreaks of epidemic typhus took the lives of 4,000 people before mid-1942.

    the labour camp at Stolarska and Jasna Streets (pl) within the small ghetto. Those who survived were sent to other forced labour camps. On May 23, 1943, the Kielce cemetery massacre was perpetrated by the German police; 45 Jewish children who had survived the Kielce Ghetto liquidation, were murdered by Order Police battalions.[22]

    Building of the Kielce Jewish Committee and refugee centre on Planty Street

    On July 4, 1946, the local Jewish gathering of some 200 Holocaust survivors from the Planty 7 Street refugee centre of the Zionist Union became the target of the Kielce pogrom in which 37 (40) Jews (17–21 of whom remain unidentified) and 2 ethnic Poles were killed, including 11 fatally shot with military rifles and 11 more stabbed with bayonets, indicating direct involvement of loyal to Moscow Polish communist troops.[27]

    During the

    State of Israel, upon the conclusion of World War II.[32] After the Kielce pogrom Gen. Spychalski of PWP signed a legislative decree allowing the remaining survivors to leave Poland without visas or exit permits.[33] Poland was the only Eastern Bloc country to do so, at war's end.[32] Britain demanded from Poland (among others) to halt the Jewish exodus, but their pressure was largely unsuccessful.[34]

    Geography

    Climate

    Kielce
    Climate chart (explanation)
    J
    F
    M
    A
    M
    J
    J
    A
    S
    O
    N
    D
     
     
    34
     
     
    0
    −5
     
     
    29
     
     
    1
    −5
     
     
    35
     
     
    6
    −2
     
     
    39
     
     
    14
    3
     
     
    53
     
     
    19
    8
     
     
    71
     
     
    21
    11
     
     
    81
     
     
    24
    13
     
     
    77
     
     
    23
    12
     
     
    56
     
     
    19
    8
     
     
    42
     
     
    13
    4
     
     
    40
     
     
    6
    0
     
     
    44
     
     
    1
    −3
    █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
    █ Precipitation totals in mm
    Imperial conversion
    JFMAMJJASOND
     
     
    1.3
     
     
    32
    23
     
     
    1.1
     
     
    34
    23
     
     
    1.4
     
     
    43
    28
     
     
    1.5
     
     
    57
    37
     
     
    2.1
     
     
    66
    46
     
     
    2.8
     
     
    70
    52
     
     
    3.2
     
     
    75
    55
     
     
    3
     
     
    73
    54
     
     
    2.2
     
     
    66
    46
     
     
    1.7
     
     
    55
    39
     
     
    1.6
     
     
    43
    32
     
     
    1.7
     
     
    34
    27
    █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
    █ Precipitation totals in inches

    Kielce is one of the relatively cooler cities in Poland. It experiences four distinct seasons and has a warm summer subtype humid

    Holy Cross Mountains, however, the summer night time temperatures are somewhat cooler and the thunderstorms somewhat more frequent and severe than in surrounding areas of Poland.[35]

    Both continental and maritime air masses can enter the area undergoing little modification, resulting in striking differences in the seasons from year to year, particularly in winter when the contrast between maritime and continental air is at its greatest. Maritime influences from the Atlantic typically bring cool, cloudy, damp and often foggy weather both in summer and in winter, whereas continental air masses often result in long periods of sunny and dry weather, hot in summer and on occasion, extremely cold in winter.

    The highest temperature recorded in Kielce since 1971 is 36.4 °C (98 °F)[36] and the lowest is −33.9 °C (−29 °F),[37] giving the city a temperature range of 70.3 °C (126.5 °F), the second highest in Poland. The city receives 1720 to 1829 hours of sunshine annually, depending on the source,[38][39] with a notably sunny spring and summer, and a cloudy late autumn and winter. Winds are generally very light throughout the year,[40] with an abundance of calm days, and as a result, cool temperatures often feel much milder than expected due to a relative lack of windchill, especially during sunny spells in early spring, as well as during severe winter cold snaps, which are typically dominated by calm, anticyclonic weather. Föhn winds from the Carpathian mountains do occasionally reach the city, resulting in unusually mild temperatures for a semi-continental location at this latitude, on rare occasions reaching approximately 15 °C (59 °F) in the winter months.

    Sienkiewicza Street, summer 2011

    Winter conditions are highly dependent on the source region of the air mass that dominates during a particular month, resulting in tremendous variability from one year to the next. For example, in January 2006, the city experienced typically continental winter weather, resulting in an average daytime high of −3.7 °C (25 °F), recording a nighttime low of −30 °C (−22 °F)[41] on the 24th. The very next year, in January 2007, the weather was predominantly of the Atlantic type, resulting in an average high of 5.7 °C (42 °F) and occasional days above 10 °C (50 °F),[42] more typical of coastal locations in Western Europe. As a result of this variability, severe cold with temperatures below −20 °C (−4 °F) can be completely absent during some winters, and in others, it can occur with regularity, even as late as March. Heavy snowfall is rare, and significant snow accumulations typically occur gradually, a few centimeters at a time over a protracted cold spell.

    Summer is warm and lasts from June to early September, and is characterized by abundant sunshine, but also severe weather, particularly early in the season. Though temperatures average in the low-to-mid 20s (70s Fahrenheit), they are rather variable with frequent hot spells reaching approximately 30 °C (86 °F) interrupted by cold fronts, which frequently bring violent thunderstorms and several days of cool and sometimes chilly weather. Although hot weather is frequent and many summers experience a few oppressively hot days of around 35 °C (95 °F), summer temperatures in the city are never extreme and have not exceeded 36.4 °C (98 °F) in recent decades.

    The transitional seasons of spring and autumn are highly unpredictable and experience large temperature swings with periods of fine weather and temperatures around 20 °C (68 °F) as early as March and late into October, alternating with much colder periods. Sharp nighttime frosts can occur as early as September and as late as May, though on calm, clear days, it often warms up rapidly to approximately 20 °C (68 °F), especially in April. Occasionally, significant, accumulating snow can occur in October and April, though mild weather rapidly returns.

    Climate data for Kielce (Suków) 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present
    Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
    Record high °C (°F) 13.4
    (56.1)     		18.4
    (65.1)     		23.7
    (74.7)     		29.7
    (85.5)     		33.4
    (92.1)     		34.6
    (94.3)     		36.6
    (97.9)     		36.4
    (97.5)     		35.0
    (95.0)     		26.3
    (79.3)     		20.0
    (68.0)     		16.5
    (61.7)     		36.6
    (97.9)
    Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 0.8
    (33.4)     		2.6
    (36.7)     		7.4
    (45.3)     		14.4
    (57.9)     		19.4
    (66.9)     		22.7
    (72.9)     		24.9
    (76.8)     		24.6
    (76.3)     		19.0
    (66.2)     		13.1
    (55.6)     		6.6
    (43.9)     		1.9
    (35.4)     		13.1
    (55.6)
    Daily mean °C (°F) −2.2
    (28.0)     		−1.1
    (30.0)     		2.5
    (36.5)     		8.4
    (47.1)     		13.4
    (56.1)     		16.9
    (62.4)     		18.7
    (65.7)     		18.2
    (64.8)     		13.2
    (55.8)     		8.1
    (46.6)     		3.3
    (37.9)     		−0.9
    (30.4)     		8.2
    (46.8)
    Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −5.1
    (22.8)     		−4.4
    (24.1)     		−1.7
    (28.9)     		2.7
    (36.9)     		7.5
    (45.5)     		11.0
    (51.8)     		12.9
    (55.2)     		12.3
    (54.1)     		8.2
    (46.8)     		4.0
    (39.2)     		0.3
    (32.5)     		−3.6
    (25.5)     		3.7
    (38.7)
    Record low °C (°F) −33.9
    (−29.0)     		−31.0
    (−23.8)     		−27.5
    (−17.5)     		−9.4
    (15.1)     		−4.6
    (23.7)     		−1.3
    (29.7)     		2.9
    (37.2)     		0.3
    (32.5)     		−4.5
    (23.9)     		−8.7
    (16.3)     		−18.0
    (−0.4)     		−26.9
    (−16.4)     		−33.9
    (−29.0)
    Average precipitation mm (inches) 37.3
    (1.47)     		34.0
    (1.34)     		40.2
    (1.58)     		39.5
    (1.56)     		70.1
    (2.76)     		70.2
    (2.76)     		94.3
    (3.71)     		67.6
    (2.66)     		55.1
    (2.17)     		45.2
    (1.78)     		40.2
    (1.58)     		37.4
    (1.47)     		631.0
    (24.84)
    Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) 8.1
    (3.2)     		8.2
    (3.2)     		5.2
    (2.0)     		1.4
    (0.6)     		0.0
    (0.0)     		0.0
    (0.0)     		0.0
    (0.0)     		0.0
    (0.0)     		0.0
    (0.0)     		0.7
    (0.3)     		2.6
    (1.0)     		4.3
    (1.7)     		8.2
    (3.2)
    Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 17.13 15.43 14.73 12.13 14.03 13.83 14.73 11.77 12.23 14.30 15.03 16.17 171.53
    Average snowy days (≥ 0 cm) 17.8 16.2 7.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 4.6 11.3 58.4
    Average
    relative humidity
    (%)     		87.4 84.4 78.4 71.6 73.2 73.7 74.2 74.8 80.7 84.9 89.2 89.4 80.2
    Mean monthly sunshine hours 55.8 71.3 126.2 181.4 228.2 232.4 241.3 238.9 162.2 112.8 56.1 45.2 1,751.8
    Source 1: Institute of Meteorology and Water Management[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]
    Source 2: Meteomodel.pl (records, relative humidity 1991–2020)[51][52][53]

    Sources: http://www.kzgw.gov.pl/ Archived 2010-03-27 at the Wayback Machine[54] ClimateBase.ru,[55] Tutiempo [36][56][57][58]

    Tourist attractions

    Palace of the Kraków Bishops in Kielce
    , front facade
    • Palace of the Kraków Bishops in Kielce, garden facade
      Palace of the Kraków Bishops in Kielce
      , garden facade
    • Kielce Cathedral
      Kielce Cathedral
    • City hall on the Old Town Market Square
      City hall on the Old Town Market Square
    • Holy Trinity Church
      Holy Trinity Church
    • St. Adalbert Church
      St. Adalbert Church
    • Tomasz Zieliński manor
      Tomasz Zieliński manor
    • Former synagogue
      Former synagogue
    • Church of Our Lady Queen of Poland
      Church of Our Lady Queen of Poland
    • Exaltation of the Holy Cross church
      Exaltation of the Holy Cross church
    • Bank building at 47 Sienkiewicza Street
      Bank building at 47 Sienkiewicza Street
    • The Monument of The Legion Four
      The Monument of The Legion Four
    • Jan Kochanowski University
      Jan Kochanowski University
    • Modernist bus station
      Modernist bus station
    • Karczówka Monastery, built 1624–1631
      Karczówka Monastery, built 1624–1631
    • Kadzielnia natural reserve
      Kadzielnia natural reserve

    Education

    Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce
    Kielce University of Technology
    • Kielce University of Technology (Politechnika Świętokrzyska) [60]
    • Jan Kochanowski University (Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego) [61]
    • Świętokrzyska Szkoła Wyższa
    • Wszechnica Świętokrzyska
    • Wyzsza Szkola Administracji Publicznej [62]
    • Wyzsza Szkola Ekonomii i Prawa im. prof. Edwarda Lipinskiego [63]
    • Wyzsza Szkola Handlowa im. Boleslawa Markowskiego
    • Wyzsza Szkola Umiejetnosci
    • Wyzsza Szkola Technik Komputerowych i Telekomunikacji
    • Wyzsza Szkola Zarzadzania Gospodarka Regionalna i Turystyka
    • Wyzsza Szkola Telekomunikacji i Informatyki [64]
    • Towarzystwo Wiedzy Powszechnej OR, Kielce
    • High schools, among others:
      • Juliusz Słowacki High School No. 6[65]
      • Stefan Żeromski High School No. 1[66]
      • Jan Śniadecki High School No. 2[67]

    Demographics

    Historical population
    YearPop.±%
    195061,332—    
    196089,500+45.9%
    1970126,950+41.8%
    1980185,307+46.0%
    1990214,202+15.6%
    2000213,469−0.3%
    2010203,804−4.5%
    2020193,415−5.1%
    source [68]

    As of December 31, 2020, there were 193,415 people living in Kielce.[69]

    At the end of June 2021, the unemployment rate was 5.0%.[69][70]

    As of the end of June 2021, the average per capita income was PLN 4798.67 gross.[69]

    • A graph of Kielce's population over the past 4 centuries:

    Culture

    Stefan Żeromski Theatre

    The arts

    Museums

    Kielce History Museum

    Theatres

    • Stefan Żeromski Theatre
    • Kieleckie Centrum Kultury - KCK
    • Teatr Lalki i Aktora "Kubuś" - Puppet and Actor Theatre "Kubuś"
    • Kielecki Teatr Tańca - Kielce Dance Theatre

    Sports

    Professional sports teams
    Club Sport League Trophies
    Barlinek Industria Kielce Men's handball Superliga 20 Polish Championships
    17 Polish Cups
    1 EHF Champions League (2016)
    Korona Kielce Men's football Ekstraklasa 0
    Korona Handball Kielce Women's handball Liga Centralna Kobiet 0
    Sports hall
    Football stadium

    Other clubs:

    • KKL Kielce (athletics) - Official website of KKL Kielce
    • Oficina da Capoeira Kielce - Capoeira Club in Kielce
    • Muay Thai Kielce
    • Żak Kielce (judo club)
    • Kielecki Klub Karate Kyokushin
    • Rushh Kielce (boxing club)
    • Gwardia Kielce (boxing club)
    • Orlęta Kielce (football club, IV league)
    • Jokers Kielce (American football)
    • Tęcza Kielce
    • Tor Kielce circuit in Miedziana Góra
    • Mountain biking in Kielce
    • Contact Kielce billiards club from Kielce, Champion of Poland and medalist of Polish League

    Transport

    Kielce is an important transport hub, and is on international and domestic routes:

    Provincial roads:

    In addition, Kielce has a network of district roads, covering 109 streets with a total length of 114.9 km (71.4 mi) and a network of roads covering 446 streets with a total length of 220.9 km (137.3 mi). 57.5% of roads in the city has an improved hard surface, 8.4% of hard surface is not improved, while 34.1% are dirt.

    Railways

    See also: Kielce railway station

    Rail transport came to Kielce in 1885, when the construction of the line linking Iwanogród (Dęblin) and Dąbrowa Górnicza was completed. Currently, Kielce is an important intersection of railway lines, running to Częstochowa and Lubliniec, Warsaw, Kraków and Sandomierz. Within the administrative boundaries of the city there are the following railway stations: Kielce, Kielce Piaski, Kielce Białogon, Kielce Herbskie, Kielce Ślichowice.

    Air travel

    At present, air services are only available to the residents of Kielce at

    Rzeszów-Jasionka
    .

    Local transport

    Official transport services were first established on 22 July 1951, when the local transport department was created.

    After many changes today, the city operates 46 regular bus lines (1-53 without 3, 6, 15-17, 20, 22, 37, 39-40, 42, 46, 48-49, 52), 7 "EU" lines (102-114 without 105-106, 109-111, 113), 5 hybrid bus lines (34, 46, 50, 51, 54), two free circle lines (0W and 0Z) two lines of special constants (F, Z) and two night lines (N1, N2). Most of the regular lines are operated by the Municipal Transport Company (MPK Kielce) and Kielce Bus Company Workers (KASP), and the "EU", the free circle lines and some normal lines (13, 23, 24) are operated by BP Tour Regio under an agreement signed with the Management of Urban Transport (ZTM Kielce). In Kielce, there are two depots, one used by MPK and the other used by BP Tour Regio. The rolling stock is composed of about 165 buses.

    In 2009/10 the Transport Authority in Kielce released the Polish Operational Programme Development of Eastern 2007 - 2013 project "Development of public transport system in Kielce Metropolitan Area." They bought 40 new buses -Solaris Urbino 12s, and another 20 were bought in 2010. These buses will support new lines. Part of the project, envisages installation of 24 electronic boards for bus departure times and 20 stationary ticket vending machines.

    Long-distance travel

    The history of communication dates back to coaches from Kielce in 1945, when the District was set up. Already in 1946, there were regular routes to Kraków, Warsaw, Jelenia Góra, Teplice and neighbouring towns.

    After 1990, the Kielce Bus Station was renamed the PKS Station in Kielce, and has maintained regular passenger long-distance routes.

    Kielce constituency

    Kielce Business Center - the headquarters of Exbud-Skanska, a symbol of modern Kielce

    The current Members of Parliament (Sejm) elected from Kielce constituency in 2019 Polish parliamentary election are:[73]

    The current senator elected from Kielce constituency is Krzysztof Słoń (Law and Justice).[74]

    Notable people

    Stanisław Staszic monument

    Sportsmen

    Twin Towns - Sister Cities

    Kielce is

    twinned
    with:

    References

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    External links

    Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kielce.
    Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Kielce.
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