Krishna district
Krishna district | |
---|---|
AP-16 (former) AP–39, AP–40 (from 30 January 2019)[3] | |
Major highways | NH-216 |
Website | krishna |
Krishna district is a district in the coastal Andhra Region in Indian state of
Etymology
Krishna District with its district headquarters at
History
The history of this region dates back to the 2nd century BCE. The area was ruled by the
Medieval period
The British: In the year 1611 the English founded their settlement at Masulipatnam which remained their headquarters until they finally moved to Madras in 1641. The Dutch and French also had settlements at Masulipatnam. Upon the death of the old Nizam-ul-Mulk in June 1748, his heirs strove for the succession with the support of the English and the French. When Nizam Ali Khan was proclaimed ruler of Golconda in 1761, the British secured at first the divisions of Masulipatnam, Nizampatnam and part of Kondaveedu and later the entire Circars. At first the district was administered by a chief and council at Masulipatnam but in 1794 Collectors, directly responsible to the Board of Revenue, were appointed at Masulipatnam.[7]
The Krishna District was formed from the district of Rajahmundry in 1859, when it also included
After 1947
Krishna District had 10 Talukas in 1971. In 1978 they were increased to 21 Talukas. In 1985, Mandal system was created and 50 mandals were formed in the district. In 2022 Krishna district was divided into Krishna and
Historical demographics
As of 2011[update] census of India, the district had a population of 4,517,398 with a density of 518 persons per km2. The total population constitute, 2,267,375 males and 2,250,023 females –a ratio of 992 females per 1000 males. The total urban population is 1,843,660 (40.81%).[12]: 20 There are 3,009,718 literates with a literacy rate of 73.74%.[12]: 21
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1901 | 861,068 | — |
1911 | 993,086 | +1.44% |
1921 | 1,059,731 | +0.65% |
1931 | 1,229,176 | +1.49% |
1941 | 1,413,516 | +1.41% |
1951 | 1,736,429 | +2.08% |
1961 | 2,076,956 | +1.81% |
1971 | 2,493,574 | +1.84% |
1981 | 3,048,463 | +2.03% |
1991 | 3,698,833 | +1.95% |
2001 | 4,187,841 | +1.25% |
2011 | 4,517,398 | +0.76% |
source:[13] |
Geography
Krishna district is surrounded on the east by
Flora and fauna
The forest occupies only 9 percent of the total undivided district area. However, it contains Reserved Forest areas in
Panthers, hyenas, jungle cats, foxes, bears and other carnivorous mammalian fauna are found here. Deer, spotted deer sambar, blackbuck and other herbivorous animals are found in the inland forests. The district has a large number of Murrah buffaloes and cows.[15]
Climate
The climatic conditions of the district consist of extremely hot summers and moderately hot winters and may be classified as tropical. The period starting from April to June is the hottest. The annual rainfall in the region is about 1047.68 mm and 66% of it is contributed to by the Southwest monsoon.[16]
Black Cotton (57.6 percent), Sand clay loams (22.3 percent), Red loams (19.4 percent), and sandy soils account for balance 0.7% in the district. [16]
Demographics
After reorganization the district had a population of 17,35,079, of which 482,513 (27.81%) live in urban areas. Krishna district has a sex ratio of 996 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 73.75%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 346,989 (20.00%) and 37,716 (2.17%) of the population respectively.[1]
Based on the 2011 census, 93.30% of the population spoke Telugu and 5.97% Urdu as their first language.[18]
Administrative divisions
Politics
The parliamentary constituency is Machilipatnam Lok Sabha constituency
It comprises the following legislative assembly segments:[19]
Constituency number | Name | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) |
Parliament |
---|---|---|---|
71 | Gannavaram | None | Machilipatnam |
72 | Gudivada
|
None | |
74 | Pedana
|
None | |
75 | Machilipatnam
|
Nona | |
76 | Avanigadda
|
None | |
77 | Pamarru
|
SC | |
78 | Penamaluru
|
None |
The district is divided into 3 revenue divisions: Gudivada, Machilipatnam and Vuyyuru, which are further subdivided into a total of 26 mandals, each headed by a sub-collector.[20]
Mandals
The list of 26 mandals in Krishna district, divided into 3 revenue divisions, is given below.[21]
Cities and Towns
There are one municipal corporation and four municipalities in the district.[22][23]
Ciy/Town | Civil status | Revenue Division | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Machilipatnam | Municipal Corporation | Machilipatnam | 169,892 |
Gudivada | Municipality Grade – Special | Gudivada | 118,167 |
YSR-Tadigadapa | Municipality Grade – Special | Vuyyuru | 126,190 |
Vuyyuru | Nagar Panchayat | Vuyyuru | 49,521 |
Pedana | Municipality Grade – 3 | Machilipatnam | 30,721 |
Source: Assembly segments of Parliamentary constituencies[19]
Villages
Economy
Agriculture is the main stay of economy.
Transport
Road
NH 65 from Pune to Machilipatnam, NH 165 from Pamarru to Palakollu, NH 216 from Ongole to Kathipudi pass through the district.
Rail
There exists 97 km (60 mi) of rail network in the district. Gudivada Junction railway station and Machilipatnam railway station are prominent railway stations in the district. Nearest major railway station is Vijayawada Junction railway station at a distance of 80Km from Machilipatnam by train.[27]
Water
The Machilipatnam Port is currently under construction.[28] The Port will have an initial cargo capacity of 35 million tonnes (35 MMTPA), through four berths-three general cargo berths and one coal terminal. The Port is scheduled to be completed in two years. In the future, the capacity of the four-berth deep water port will be increased to 116 million tonnes (116 MMTPA) as the cargo traffic increases gradually. [29]
Air
Krishna district is served by
Education
Dr.Gururaju Government Homoeo Medical college and Regional Research Institute for Homoeopathy are located in Gudivada. Krishna University is located in Machilipatnam.
Culture
The culture of Krishna district is mostly traditional in rural places and moderately modern in Gudivada and Machilipatnam. It is also famous as the birthplace for Indian classical dance named Kuchipudi. The dialect of Telugu spoken in Krishna is widely considered to be the standard form of Telugu.[31]
Sports
NTR Stadium is the main sports venue in Gudivada. It is used for several sports, like athletics, volleyball, cricket practice, kho kho, kabaddi, badminton, tennis and basketball.[32] It is also the stadium for Krishna District Cricket Association.
Tourism
There are several places of tourist interest in the district. Some of them are given below.[33]
- Kolleru lake (Kaikaluru Mandal): largest freshwater lake
- Manginapudi beach: Natural beach
- Movva: Sri Movva Venugopala Swamy temple. Kshetrayya is said to have composed his famous lyrics here.
- Kuchipudi:the birth place of Siddhendra Yogi, the originator of the Kuchpudi dance
- Ghantasala: once upon a time, a port and a halting place for Buddhist pilgrims and merchants travelling from Kalinga to Ceylone. Hindu and Buddhist Sculptures can be seen here
- Srikakulam (Ghantasala Mandal): the historical capital of Andhra Empire of Goutamiputra Satakarni (AD 102–123). This is famous for the temple of Andhra Mahavishnu
- Hamsaladeevi(Koduru Mandal): river Krishna drains into the Bay of Bengal at this place.
- Gudivada: famous for Jain temple of Parswandha Swamy
Notable people
- Kakarla Subba Rao was born in Pedamuttevi of Movva mandal and became the first director of Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad.
- Tripuraneni Ramaswamyborn in Angaluru of Gudlavalleru mandal was a poet and social reformer.
- Kasinadhuni Nageswara Rao was born in Pesaramilli village of Gudlavalleu mandal, was the founder of (Andhra Patrika, first telugu newspaper and also company which manufactures ayurvedic pain balm called Amrutanjan.
- Indian National Flag.
- Cottari Kanakaiya Nayudu was born in Machilipatnam. He served as the first-ever captain of the Indian national cricket team.
- N. T. Rama Rao popularly referred to by his initials NTR, was an Indian actor, filmmaker and a Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh. He was born in Nimmakuru of Gudivada mandal.
- Narla Venkateswara Rao was a Telugu language writer, journalist and politician from Andhra Pradesh in India. He was Rajya Sabha member twice from 3 April 1958 to 2 April 1970, and wrote a satakam in Telugu along with several other books.
- Narla Tata Rao was a prominent person in the power sector of India and a former chairman of the Andhra Pradesh State Electricity Board. He was born in Kavutaram
- Patcha Ramachandra Rao was a distinguished metallurgist and administrator. He was born in Kavutaram in Krishna District
- Kaikala Satyanarayana was an Indian actor, producer, director, and politician who predominantly worked in Telugu cinema. He was born in Kavutaram village in Krishna district.
See also
References
- ^ a b c d CPO 2022, p. VII.
- ^ "District Census Hand Book – Krishna" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ "New 'AP 39' code to register vehicles in Andhra Pradesh launched". The New Indian Express. Vijayawada. 31 January 2019. Archived from the original on 21 November 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- ^ "NEW_District Profile | Krishna District, Government of Andhra Pradesh | India". Retrieved 3 April 2022.
- ^ https://krishna.ap.gov.in/
- ^ CPO 2022, p. V.
- ^ a b c d e f "History". Krishna district website. Archived from the original on 29 February 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
- ^ public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Circar". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 380. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
- ^ "Rank of Districts in Andhra Pradesh according to Composite Index" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
- ^ "District Census Handbook – Guntur" (PDF). Census of India. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
- ^ "Andhra Pradesh's 13 New Districts: Here's All About Them – From Planning to Formation | Explained". News18. 5 April 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
- ^ a b "District Census Hand Book – Krishna" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ Decadal Variation In Population 1901–2011
- ^ CPO 2022, p. 1.
- ^ a b "Flora and Fauna of Krishna district". AP forest department. Archived from the original on 25 January 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
- ^ a b CPO 2022, p. II.
- ^ "Population by Religion – Andhra Pradesh". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
- ^ a b "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Andhra Pradesh". Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ a b "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008" (PDF). The Election Commission of India. p. 31.
- ^ "District profile" (PDF). Krishna District Official Website. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ "Krishna district profile – AP Government – 4 April 2022" (PDF).
- ^ CPO 2022, p. XII.
- ^ "Andhra government notifies five new nagar panchayats, rejigs 13 civic bodies". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ "District Census Handbook - Krishna" (PDF). Census of India. p. 16,406. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
- ^ "Vadali Pin Code on NativePlanet".
- ^ CPO 2022, p. III.
- ^ a b "How to reach". Krishna district. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
- ^ "Andhra CM Jagan Reddy launches construction work of Rs 5,156 crore Machilipatnam port". The Indian Express. 22 May 2023. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
- ^ https://news.abplive.com/news/andhra-pradesh-cm-jagan-reddy-launches-construction-work-of-rs-5-156-crore-machilipatnam-port-1604024
- ^ "NTR Amaravati International Airport | Airports Authority of India".
- ^ "District profile". Krishna District. National Informatics Centre. Archived from the original on 12 June 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
- ^ "NTR Stadium all set to become more sporty". The Hindu. 2 June 2007. Archived from the original on 6 April 2021.
- ^ CPO 2022, p. IV-V.
Books
CPO (2022). District Hand Book of Statistics – 2020 Krishna district (PDF).