Lisbon Cathedral
Patriarchal Metropolitan Cathedral of Saint Mary Major | |
---|---|
Santa Maria Maior de Lisboa ( Roman Catholic | |
Rite | Roman |
Ecclesiastical or organizational status | cathedral |
Leadership | D. Manuel Clemente |
Location | |
Location | Lisbon, Portugal |
Geographic coordinates | 38°42′35″N 9°07′59″W / 38.70972°N 9.13306°W |
Architecture | |
Type | Church |
Style | Romanesque, Gothic, Baroque |
Specifications | |
Direction of façade | W |
Length | 90 metres (300 ft) |
Width | 40 metres (130 ft) |
Height (max) | 12 metres (39 ft) |
Portuguese National Monument | |
Official name: Sé de Lisboa | |
Designated | 10 January 1907 |
Reference no. | PT031106520004 |
Website | |
www |
The Cathedral of Saint Mary Major (
History
This first building, in Late
During the Portuguese interregnum of 1383–85, the populace suspected that Bishop Dom Martinho Annes was plotting with the Castilians and an angry crowd threw him out of the window of the northern tower[3]
Earthquakes have always been a problem for Lisbon and its cathedral. There were several in the 14th and 16th centuries, but the worst of all was the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, which destroyed the Gothic main chapel along with the royal pantheon. The cloisters and many chapels were also ruined by the quake and the fire that followed. The cathedral was partially rebuilt and an extensive renovation in the early 20th century gave it its current appearance.
In recent years, the central courtyard of the cloister has been excavated and remains from the Roman, Arab and mediaeval periods have been found. Excavations started in the cloister in 1990 and revealed a Roman road with shops on either side, part of a Roman kitchen and a "cloaca" (sewage system), as well as traces of later Visigoth buildings. A very visible part of a
In 2020, remains of an Almoravid complex, which researchers suggest is a mosque, were uncovered. Graça Fonseca, the Portuguese Minister of Culture, determined that the Muslim remains should be kept in place.[5][6]
Art and architecture
The cathedral is in the shape of a
Romanesque
From its first building period (1147 until the first decades of the 13th century), Lisbon cathedral has preserved the West façade with a rose window (rebuilt from fragments in the 20th century), the main portal, the North lateral portal and the nave of the cathedral. The portals have interesting sculptured capitals with Romanesque motifs. The nave is covered by barrel vaulting and has an upper, arched gallery (triforium). Light gets in through the rose windows of the West façade and transept, the narrow windows of the lateral aisles of the nave as well as the windows of the lantern tower of the transept. The general plan of the cathedral is very similar to that of the Old Cathedral of Coimbra, which dates from the same period. One of the chapels of the ambulatory has an interesting Romanesque iron gate.
Gothic
At the end of the 13th century King
The ambulatory contains three outstanding Gothic tombs from the mid-14th century. One tomb belongs to Lopo Fernandes Pacheco, 7th Lord of
In the last quarter of the 15th century it is believed that the famous
Modern times
During the 17th century a fine sacristy was built in
Notes
- ^ "SÉ CATEDRAL DE LISBOA". Lisbon Shopping. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
- ^ Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa. "História". Archived from the original on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
- ISBN 88-8029-394-X.
- ^ "Archaeological excavations in Lisbon's Cathedral Cloister, Portugal". citygomaps.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
- ^ "Vestígios muçulmanos vão ser integrados na Sé de Lisboa" (in European Portuguese). Diário de Notícias. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
- ^ "Vestígios da mesquita do século XII descoberta na Sé de Lisboa vão ser preservados" (in European Portuguese). TSF. 14 October 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
- ^ Adriano de Gusmão, Nuno Gonçalves; The Burlington Magazine Vol. 98, No. 638 (May 1956), pp. 166, 169
References
- Portugal/1 – Europa Romanica, Gerhard N Graf, Ediciones Encuentro, Madrid, 1987
- "Sé de Lisboa" (in Portuguese). Instituto de Gestão do Património Arquitectónico e Arqueológico (IGESPAR). 2008. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
- "Sé de Lisboa" (in Portuguese). IHRU – Instituto da Habitação e da Reabilitação Urbana. 2008. Retrieved 9 January 2011.