Mandla
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Mandla | |
---|---|
UTC+5:30 (IST) | |
PIN | 481 661 |
Vehicle registration | MP-51 |
Website | mandla |
Mandla is a city with
History
Writers such as Alexander Cunningham,[1] John Faithfull Fleet,[2] Moti Raven Kangali, Girija Shankar Agrawal[3] and Brajesh Mishra identify Mandla as the location of ancient Mahishmati.
Gondwana queen, Rani Durgavati ruled Mandla province and fought against Akbar in her valiant effort to save her kingdom; which is still subject to folklore. Rani Avantibai Lodhi of Ramgarh later fought with the British to save her kingdom from annexation.
The
The control of the Garha-Mandla kings over their extended principality was, however, short-lived, for in 1564 Asaf Khan, the
From this time the fortunes of the Mandla kingdom rapidly declined. The districts afterward formed into the state of Bhopal were ceded to the Emperor
In 1742 the
At some period of the Gondwana kingdom the district must have been comparatively well-populated, as numerous remains of villages could be observed in places that, by the early 20th century, were covered in forest; but one of the Sagar rulers, Vasudeo Pandit, is said to have extorted several tens of thousands of rupees from the people in 18 months by unbridled oppression, and to have left the district ruined and depopulated. In 1799 Mandla was appropriated by the Bhonsle rajas of Nagpur, in accordance with a treaty concluded some years previously with the Peshwa. The Marathas built a wall on the side of the town that was not protected by the river. During the 18 years which followed, the district was repeatedly overrun by the Pindaris, although they did not succeed in taking the town of Mandla.[4]
In 1818, at the conclusion of the
Climate
Climate data for Mandla (1981–2010, extremes 1950–2012) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 32.2 (90.0) |
36.7 (98.1) |
40.0 (104.0) |
44.2 (111.6) |
46.8 (116.2) |
46.4 (115.5) |
40.0 (104.0) |
36.0 (96.8) |
36.0 (96.8) |
39.0 (102.2) |
34.0 (93.2) |
33.2 (91.8) |
46.8 (116.2) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 26.2 (79.2) |
29.3 (84.7) |
33.5 (92.3) |
38.3 (100.9) |
40.9 (105.6) |
37.1 (98.8) |
30.6 (87.1) |
29.3 (84.7) |
30.9 (87.6) |
31.4 (88.5) |
29.0 (84.2) |
26.8 (80.2) |
31.9 (89.4) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8.4 (47.1) |
10.6 (51.1) |
14.6 (58.3) |
19.7 (67.5) |
23.5 (74.3) |
24.8 (76.6) |
22.6 (72.7) |
22.9 (73.2) |
21.2 (70.2) |
16.6 (61.9) |
11.5 (52.7) |
8.0 (46.4) |
17.0 (62.6) |
Record low °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) |
1.9 (35.4) |
3.6 (38.5) |
8.6 (47.5) |
12.5 (54.5) |
14.0 (57.2) |
14.0 (57.2) |
13.0 (55.4) |
12.0 (53.6) |
3.1 (37.6) |
1.5 (34.7) |
0.0 (32.0) |
0.0 (32.0) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 32.3 (1.27) |
27.8 (1.09) |
27.2 (1.07) |
11.1 (0.44) |
12.6 (0.50) |
153.6 (6.05) |
394.7 (15.54) |
398.8 (15.70) |
156.7 (6.17) |
36.8 (1.45) |
9.8 (0.39) |
13.3 (0.52) |
1,274.8 (50.19) |
Average rainy days | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 8.4 | 16.9 | 15.9 | 8.7 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 62.7 |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST )
|
51 | 43 | 36 | 31 | 28 | 53 | 79 | 82 | 75 | 61 | 54 | 54 | 54 |
Source: India Meteorological Department[5][6] |
Demographics
As of 2011[update] India census,[7] Mandla had a population of 71,579. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. In 2011 Mandla has an average literacy rate of 68.3%, higher than the national average of 59.85%: male literacy is 79.5%, and female literacy is 57.2%. Scheduled tribes dominate the population, so there is a Special education programs to promote them. In Mandla, 13.7% of the population is under 6 years of age. 90% of the population are Hindus, 4% Christians, 5% Muslims and 1% are of other faiths.
Transport
Mandla is connected by road to nearby cities like Jabalpur, Nagpur and Raipur through NH-30 (National Highway). From Jabalpur to Mandla, it takes more than 4 hours by bus (96 km approx.) as the road condition is very poor. Earlier Mandla has been connected by Indian Railway's Narrow Gauge Track via Nainpur to Jabalpur, Gondia, Chhindwara. Mandla is connected by Indian railway Broad gauge Track & Traveler can travel by train from Chiraidongri[8] to Jabalpur via Nainpur, as soon as the covid restriction is over.
Places of Attraction
Mandla has various places of tourist attraction which include wildlife, ancient forts, temples and springs.
Environmental changes
Once this small town was considered among the greenest towns; now this is just a memory. Deforestation had largely affected this area as shown in summer 2007 when the temperature exceeded 46 °C (115 °F).
Education centres
Schools
- Government School for excellence.
- Montfort School.
- Kendriya Vidyalay.
- Bharat Jyoti Higher secondary school (Convent - Chain of Saint Aloysius, Jabalpur)
- Maharishi Vidya Mandir
- NJN AADARSH School khairi mandla
- Brain Chid Academy
- Bell Weather International School
- Gyandeep English Medium School
- Nirmila Convent School
- Amal jyoti Convent School
Are Some of the prominent Schools in the City
COLLEGES
- Rani Durgawati Government College
- Government Political College
- Sardar Patel College
- Mandla Institute of Nursing
- NICE College
Are some Colleges of the City
Politics
The city is represented in the
See also
References
- ^ Madhya Pradesh District Gazetteers: Rajgarh. Government Central Press, Mahishmati. 1996. p. 175.
- ISSN 0035-869X.
- ISBN 978-93-5029-706-3.
- ^ a b c d e f Hunter, William Wilson, Sir, et al. (1908). Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 17. 1908-1931; Clarendon Press, Oxford.
- ^ "Station: Mandla Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 471–472. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M123. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
- ^ "https://indiarailinfo.com"
- ^ "Mandla Tourism | Top Places to Visit in Mandla | Mandla Fort". Travel News India. 24 December 2016. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
- ^ Government Museum of Mandla
External links
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 565.