Manglisi
Manglisi
მანგლისი | ||
|---|---|---|
Borough | ||
Municipality Tetritsqaro | | |
| Daba | 1926 | |
| Elevation | 1,200 m (3,900 ft) | |
| Population (2014)[1] | ||
| • Total | 1,441 | |
| Climate | Dfb | |
Manglisi (
townlet) in the Tetritsqaro Municipality, Kvemo Kartli region of Georgia. As of the 2014 census, it had the population of 1,441.[1] With a recorded history going back to the 4th century, Manglisi was one of the earliest centers of Christianity in Georgia and is a home to the medieval cathedral of the Mother of God
. It also functions as a mountain spa and health resort.
Geography and climate
Manglisi is located on the southern slopes of the
subtropical climate, with warm summers (average temperature in July, 19 °C) and mild winters (average temperature in January, −2 °C). Annual precipitation is 700 mm. Manglisi also functions as a mountain resort.[2]
Etymology
The etymology of "Manglisi" may be related to the
Moon cult,[5] an effect of which persisted in the system of religious beliefs of Georgians into the era of Christianity.[6]
History
Antiquity and Middle Ages
In the early Bronze Age, the territory of Manglisi was part of the wider region, home to a kurgan culture.[7] By the early Middle Ages, Manglisi and its environs strategically located on the course of the Algeti river formed a territorial unit known as Manglis-khevi, "the valley of Manglisi".[5]
The
Mirian's conversion to Christianity in the 330s. According to the 11th-century historian Leonti Mroveli, Manglisi was the first place which the bishop John of Kartli, returning from his mission to Constantinople with a group of Byzantine priests and masons, chose to build a Christian church. There, the chronicle continues, he left the relics brought from Constantinople as presents of the emperor Constantine the Great, to the disappointment of King Mirian who wanted to have the relics at his capital, Mtskheta.[8]
Manglisi became a seat of the homonymous bishopric under
The valley of Manglisi appears in possession of the
Prince Vakhushti claims, they thought one of the frescoes in the church depicted Muhammad seated upon a lion.[19] The fresco is, in fact, an image of St. Mammes of Caesarea.[20]
Russian rule
.JPG)
After the arrival of the
Aleksey Yermolov as the headquarters of one of the regiments under his command, to be called, after 1827, the 13th Erivansky Grenadier Regiment for its role in the victory at Erivan in the war with Persia.[21] On this occasion, the Russian authorities had also transplanted some civilian families from the neighboring districts. By the early 1850s, Manglis had been a relatively well-organized Russian colony.[22] The old cathedral was also restored from 1851 to 1857.[23] The population, with an overwhelming Slavic majority, was up to 3,000 in 1892.[24] By the early 1890s, Manglis had also acquired a spa town status, where the people of Tiflis (Tbilisi) could escape the city's summer heat.[25]
Modern Manglisi
During the
respiratory diseases.[2] In 1924, the state-run airline Zakavia organized a short-lived line Tiflis—Manglis to serve local tourist interests.[26] On August 29, 1924, the Red Army barracks in Manglisi were raided, ultimately unsuccessfully, by anti-Soviet insurgents led by Kakutsa Cholokashvili.[27]
In 1926, the settlement was granted the status of daba (
Soviet census of 1989.[28]
Notes
- ^ a b "Population Census 2014". www.geostat.ge. National Statistics Office of Georgia. November 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
- ^ a b Great Soviet Encyclopedia 1982, p. 419.
- ^ Brosset 1831, p. 151.
- ^ Greppin 1997, p. 250.
- ^ a b c Kutateladze 2009, p. 134.
- ^ Allen 1932, pp. 37–38.
- ^ Sagona 1984, p. 208.
- ^ Thomson 1996, p. 131.
- ^ Thomson 1996, p. 217.
- ^ Rapp 2003, p. 169.
- ^ Thomson 1996, p. 236.
- ^ Toumanoff 1963, p. 392.
- ^ Thomson 1996, p. 247.
- ^ Toumanoff 1963, p. 402, 407 n. 2.
- ^ Thomson 1996, p. 276.
- ^ Dzhanberidze 1965, pp. 48, 51.
- ^ Thomson 1996, p. 332.
- ^ Kutateladze 2009, pp. 134–135.
- ^ Wakhoucht 1842, p. 171.
- ^ Constantinides 2007, p. 214.
- ^ Bobrovsky 1895, pp. 40–43.
- ^ Bobrovsky 1895, p. 281.
- ^ Bobrovsky 1898, p. 414.
- ^ Bobrovsky 1898, p. 406.
- ^ Brockhaus and Efron 1896, p. 527.
- ^ Andersson 1994, p. 58.
- ^ Javakhishvili 2005, p. 68.
- ^ National Statistics Office of Georgia 2003, p. 94.
References
- ISBN 0-7100-6959-6.
- Andersson, Lennart (1994). Soviet aircraft and aviation, 1917-1941. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1557507708.
- Bobrovsky, Pavel (1895). История 13-го Лейб-Гренадерского Эриванского Его Величества полка за 250 лет. Часть четвертая [History of His Majesty's 13th Erivansky Leib Grenadier Regiment for 250 years. Part IV] (in Russian). St.-Setersburg: V. S. Balashev Typography.
- Bobrovsky, Pavel (1898). История 13-го Лейб-Гренадерского Эриванского Его Величества полка за 250 лет. Часть четвертая [History of His Majesty's 13th Erivansky Leib Grenadier Regiment for 250 years. Part V] (in Russian). St.-Setersburg: V. S. Balashev Typography.
- "Манглисъ" [Manglis']. Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (in Russian). Vol. XVIIIА (36). St.-Petersburg: Semionov Typography. 1896.
- Brosset, Marie-Félicité (1831). Chronique géorgienne, traduite par m. Brosset jeune membre de la Société asiatique de France [Georgian Chronicle, translated by Mr. Brosset, junior member of the Asiatic Society of France] (in French). Paris: De l'Imprimerie royale.
- Constantinides, Efthalia C. (2007). Images from the Byzantine periphery: studies in iconography and style. Leiden: Alexandros Press. ISBN 978-90-806476-7-1.
- Dzhanberidze, Nodar (1965). Architectural monuments in Georgia. Tbilisi: Literatura da Khelovneba.
- Greppin, John A. C. (1997). "Syrian Loanwords in Classical Armenian". In Zahniser, A. H. Mathias (ed.). Humanism, Culture, and Language in the Near East: Studies in Honor of Georg Krotkoff. Eisenbrauns. pp. 247–253. ISBN 1575060205.
- Javakhishvili, Niko (2005). Борьба за свободу Кавказа: Из истории военно-политического сотрудничества грузин и северокавказцев в первой половине XX века [Fight for liberty of the Caucasus: from the history of military-political cooperation between Georgians and North Caucasian in the first half of the 20th century] (in Russian). Tbilisi: Tbilisi State University Press. ISBN 99940853-4-4.
- Kutateladze, Ketevan (2009). Ioseliani, Khatuna (ed.). "The Border of Manglisi Eparchy" (PDF). Studies in History and Ethnology. XII. Tbilisi: Ivane Javakhishvili Institute of History and Ethnology: 116–135. ISSN 1512-2727. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
- Prokhorov, Alexander, ed. (1982). "Manglisi". Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New York: Macmillan Publishers.
- Beridze, Teimuraz, ed. (2003). საქართველოს მოსახლეობის 2002 წლის პირველი ეროვნული საყოველთაო აღწერის შედეგები, ტომი I [Results of the first national census of the population of Georgia in 2002, volume I] (PDF) (in Georgian). Tbilisi: National Statistics Office of Georgia. ISBN 99928-0-768-7. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
- Rapp, Stephen H. (2003). Studies in Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts And Eurasian Contexts. Leuven: Peeters Publishers. ISBN 90-429-1318-5.
- Sagona, Antonio (1984). The Caucasian region in the early Bronze Age, Volume 1. Oxford: B.A.R. ISBN 0860542777.
- Thomson, Robert W. (1996). Rewriting Caucasian history: the medieval Armenian adaptation of the Georgian chronicles; the original Georgian texts and the Armenian adaptation. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0198263732.
- Toumanoff, Cyril (1963). Studies in Christian Caucasian history. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
- Wakhoucht, Tsarévitch (1842). Brosset, Marie-Félicité (ed.). ღეოღრაჶიული აღწერა საქართველოჲსა. Description géographique de la Géorgie [Geographic description of Georgia] (in Georgian and French). S.-Pétersbourg: A la typographie de l'Academie Impériale des Sciences. Retrieved 28 August 2012.