Mawwal

In

beat and sentimental in nature, and is characterised by prolonging vowel syllables, emotional vocals, and is usually presented before the actual song begins.^[1] The singer performing a mawwal would usually lament and long for something, such as a past lover, a departed family member or a place, in a wailing manner.^[2]

Etymology

Mawwal is an Arabic word that means "affiliated with", "associated with," or "connected to". The verb is waala (وَالَى). It is measure 3 of the root verb "Walia" (وَلِيَ), which means to follow, be affiliated with, support, or sponsor. Originally the verbal noun has a Yaa in the definite form but it loses it when the word is indefinite.[3]

History

There are many preferences regarding the origin of the mawwal, one of these is the one

Jaafar al-Barmaki

, after his brutality against him, then a concubine named al-Mawlia, from which "mawwal" is derived, was the one who eulogized him.

Another preference is Safi al-Din al-Hilli in his book al-Mawwal al-Baghdadi in which he attribute it to the people of Wasit in Iraq. Also, Safi al-Din al-Hilli says that the mawal is from the simple sea sounding on the base of the wide sea, and the mawal continued in this way until the eighth century AH, when the mawwal appeared using the Iraqi dialect of the vernacular and the subsequent branching of the mawal in the eleventh century into three other types, namely The quatrain and The lame and Numani.^[4]^[5]

Egypt

In

pipes of unequal length. The second pipe serves as a drone and can be lengthened by adding pieces. The player uses the technique of circular breathing to produce an uninterrupted sound). The arghoul can be traced back to Pharaonic times as it is exactly depicted on wall paintings of the temples of the third dynasty. Amin Shahin is one of the few remaining arghoul players in Egypt, since the death of arghoul master, Moustafa Abd al Aziz in 2001.^[6]

Mesopotamia

The mawwal musicians in Iraq use mainly

Neo-Assyria (911-612 BCE).

String instrument Classification

Struck Related instruments Qanun

to the same pitch in groups of four, are struck with two wooden mallets called "midhrab"), joza, and oud, as the country' oud playing tradition have become an own school and a reference. It is illustrated specially by the figure of the acclaimed Munir Bashir.^[7]

Due to geographical proximity to the

Assyrian music, Mawwal is performed as an intro for an upbeat song, such as those in the rhythm of bagiyeh/peda.^[8]

Lebanon

Mawwal is sung by powerful singers who are able to demonstrate strong vocal capabilities. The most famous singers come from Lebanon in specific,

Fairouz. Nowadays, some of the most famous and strongest singers that can sing mawaweels are Najwa Karam and Wael Kfoury.^[9]

References

^ Maalouf, Shireen (2002). History of Arabic Music Theory: Change and Continuity in the Tone Systems, Genres, and Scales, p.220. Kaslik, Lebanon: Université Saint-Esprit.
^ Subhi Anwar Rashid, The History of Musical Instruments in Old Iraq. Pg 180–181
^ Lodge, David and Bill Badley. "Partner of Poetry". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East, pp 323–331. Rough Guides Ltd., Penguin Books.
^ "الثقافة الشعبية". www.folkculturebh.org. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
^ "المواويل.. ذاكرة العراق الحزينة | Radiosawa". www.radiosawa.com (in Arabic). Retrieved 2021-12-20.
ISBN 0-931340-88-8
.

^ Damien, Fares (2018-08-26). "Playlist: A Brief Introduction to Iraqi Music". Project Revolver. Retrieved 2021-12-20.

^ Engel, Carl. The Musik of the most ancient nation, London, 1864.

^ Shiloah, Amnon. Music in the World of Islam. A Socio-Cultural Study 2001.

External links

Fi Lina Ya Hub – A mawwal by Fairuz

Hossaum Al Rassam—Mawwal

[1] Maalouf, Shireen (2002). History of Arabic Music Theory: Change and Continuity in the Tone Systems, Genres, and Scales, p.220. Kaslik, Lebanon: Université Saint-Esprit.

[2] Subhi Anwar Rashid, The History of Musical Instruments in Old Iraq. Pg 180–181

[3] Lodge, David and Bill Badley. "Partner of Poetry". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East, pp 323–331. Rough Guides Ltd., Penguin Books.

[4] "الثقافة الشعبية". www.folkculturebh.org. Retrieved 2021-12-20.

[5] "المواويل.. ذاكرة العراق الحزينة | Radiosawa". www.radiosawa.com (in Arabic). Retrieved 2021-12-20.

[6] ISBN 0-931340-88-8
.

[7] Damien, Fares (2018-08-26). "Playlist: A Brief Introduction to Iraqi Music". Project Revolver. Retrieved 2021-12-20.

[8] Engel, Carl. The Musik of the most ancient nation, London, 1864.

[9] Shiloah, Amnon. Music in the World of Islam. A Socio-Cultural Study 2001.

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