Metrication in India
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India's conversion was quicker than that of many other countries, including its coloniser, the United Kingdom. This was helped by low popular literacy and the fact that there was previously no nationwide standard measurement system—British imperial units were used by the upper class, while various regional systems were used by the poor[citation needed]. The Indian model was extremely successful and served later as a model for metrication in various African and Asian countries.
The
History
Before metrication, the government of India followed the Indian Weights and Measures Act passed in 1870 which used the British imperial system. However, many other indigenous systems were in use in other parts of the country and this was a constant problem with government officials and the public at large.
P. N. Seth was the founder and secretary of the Indian Decimal Society, whose aim it was to push for the introduction of the metric system in India. P. N. Seth was assisted by others in the society, such as professors Dr H. L. Roy, Dr S. K. Mitra, and P. C. Mahalanobis, and other leading Indian scientists. Since 1930, they advocated for discarding the old chaotic system by writing in newspapers, journals, participating in debates and distributing literature.
During the post-
Common usage today
Today all official measurements are made in the metric system. However, in common usage Indians may still refer to imperial units.
Exceptions
- Body heights are sometimes measured in feet and inches.
- The heights of mountains are still mostly recorded in feet.
- The Indian numbering system of crores and lakhs is used.
- Tyre rim diameters are still measured in inches, as used worldwide.
- Body temperature is still sometimes measured in degrees Fahrenheit.
- Industries like the construction and property still use metric and imperial, though it is more common for area to be advertised in square feet and acres.
- Bulk cotton is sold in candies (0.35 imperial tons, 355.62 kg) or bales (170 kg).
- The motor industry still uses imperial horsepower (hp(I)) for engine power.
- Tyre tubes and carbonated beverages are filled in pounds per square inch.
- Clothing sizes are given in an integers of inches.
- Shoes sizes increments are a third of an inch.
- Football pitches are measured by length in yards and height in feet.
- Display sizes for screens on television sets and computer monitors and measured diagonally in inches.
- Like in most countries, aviation altitude is measured in feet.
See also
References
- Acharya, Anil Kumar. History of Decimalisation Movement in India, Auto-Print & Publicity House, 1958.