Minouche Shafik
Lord Temporal | |
---|---|
Life peerage 15 October 2020 | |
Personal details | |
Born | Nemat Talaat Shafik 13 August 1962 Alexandria, Egypt |
Citizenship | United Kingdom United States Egypt |
Political party | Independent (crossbencher) |
Spouse(s) | Mohamed El-Erian (divorced) Raffael Jovine (m. 2002) |
Education |
|
Nemat Talaat Shafik, Baroness Shafik, (
From 2014 to 2017, Shafik served as
Shafik was head of Columbia University during the
Early life and education
Shafik was born in
Shafik was educated for a year at the American University in Cairo.[13] She then graduated with a Bachelor of Arts, summa cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa, with a major in economics and politics from the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 1983. She gained a Master of Science degree in economics from the London School of Economics in 1986, then a Doctorate of Philosophy in economics from the University of Oxford, in 1989.[14]
Economic career
After Oxford, Shafik joined the World Bank and held a variety of roles, starting in the research department where she worked on global economic modelling and forecasting and then later on environmental issues. She moved to do macroeconomic work on Europe and the Middle East where she published a number of books and articles on the region's economic future, the economics of peace, labour markets, regional integration, and gender issues.[15] At age 36, Shafik became the World Bank's youngest-ever Vice President.[16][17]
Shafik has held academic appointments, both as adjunct professor in the Economics Department at
She initially went to the British Government's
Shafik served as
Shafik joined the Bank of England as its first Deputy Governor on Markets and Banking responsible for the Bank's £500 billion balance sheet and served as a Member of the bank's Monetary Policy Committee, Financial Policy Committee and the Board of the Prudential Regulatory Authority. She led the Bank's Fair and Effective Markets review to tackle misconduct in financial markets.
Presidencies
London School of Economics
On 12 September 2016, it was announced that Shafik had been appointed as the next Director of the London School of Economics, replacing sociologist Craig Calhoun. She took up the post on 1 September 2017.[21]
During Shafik's directorship of the LSE, levels of academic casualisation increased, with the number of academics on fixed term contracts increasing from 55 percent in 2016 through 2017 to 59 percent in 2021 through 2022, according to Higher Education Statistical Agency data.[22] This rise occurred in contrast to many other universities in the UK, where the number of permanent staff grew during this same period.[22] As a result, the student-to-permanent staff ratio at LSE decreased during Shafik's directorship and had the lowest student-to-permanent staff ratio among comparable universities in the UK in July 2023.[22]
In response to a legal strike action taken by the University and College Union (UCU) in the summer of 2023, overpay, and casualised working conditions, the LSE management, under Shafik's directorship, decided to impose punitive pay deductions on academic staff participating in the action.[23] The LSE made the decision to impose 50 percent pay deductions, starting on 16 June,[23] but as no deductions were taken until the end of July, some participating staff received July payslips deducting 75 percent of their income for that month.
In addition to imposing pay deductions, the LSE management, under Shafik's directorship, pushed through an "Exceptional Degree Classification Schemes" policy, in response to the strike action.[24] Under this scheme, undergraduates can be awarded provisional degrees on the basis of only approximately 85 to 90 percent of their grades and Masters students, only 75 percent of their grades.[24] In the event that the full and final assessment (100 percent of their grades) would lower their classification, the higher provisional classification would stand.[24] This policy allowed students to graduate on time, but effectively lowered the standards of LSE degrees, awarded during the strike action.
President of Columbia University
On 18 January 2023, Columbia University's board of trustees announced Shafik's appointment as president of the university.[25] She became president of Columbia University on 1 July 2023.[26][27] Her inauguration occurred on 4 October 2023.[25]
After the
In November 2023, Shafik was invited to attend the 2023 United States Congress hearing on antisemitism, but declined, citing a scheduling conflict.[32][33] She later gave testimony before the United States House Committee on Education & the Workforce on 17 April 2024, along with David Greenwald and Claire Shipman, co-chairs of the Trustees of Columbia University.[34] Former presidential advisors and consultants Shailagh Murray, Dana Remus, and Philippe Reines, along with lawyers, political officials, and experts on antisemitism prepared Shafik for the hearing for months.[2]
Pro-Palestinian protests and controversy
As a result of campus protests and the
Shafik established a headquarters to address the protests at the law firm of
Columbia donor and alumnus Robert Kraft, founder of Columbia's Foundation to Combat Antisemitism,[41] suspended donations to the university, as did billionaire Len Blavatnik, due to beliefs that Columbia was insufficiently preventing campus antisemitism.[6] Republican lawmakers, whom Shafik initially intended to appeal to in her congressional testimony, called for her resignation.[2] These included House Speaker Mike Johnson and at least a dozen members of Congress, claiming that the school has failed to protect Jewish students.[40]
Both Democratic and Republican officials joined Representative Elise Stefanik in urging Shafik to resign, including U.S. Senators John Fetterman and Tim Scott, and Representative Jim Banks.[42] Columbia University's senate drafted and circulated a censure resolution against Shafik for abridging "the fundamental requirements of academic freedom" and causing an "unprecedented assault on student rights".[43] A few days later, the university senate stopped short of a censure vote, instead calling out Shafik and her administration for "breaching the due-process rights of students and professors" and called for further investigation into the matter.[44]
On 29 April 2024, Shafik announced that negotiations with student protesters stalled and that the "university will not divest from Israel".
Academic work
Shafik has authored Prospects for the Middle East and North African Economies: from Boom to Bust and Back? (1998) and What We Owe Each Other: A New Social Contract for a Better Society (2021). She was also the editor of Economic Challenges Facing Middle Eastern and North African Countries (1998).[50][51]
She has written articles for publications including Oxford Economic Papers,[52] The Middle East Journal,[53] Journal of African Finance and Economic Development, World Development,[54] and the Journal of Development Economics.[55]
Other activities
Shafik has chaired several international consultative groups including: the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor, the Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme,[56] the Global Water and Sanitation Program,[57] Cities Alliance,[58] InfoDev,[59] the Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility,[60] and the Global Corporate Governance Forum.[61] She served on a number of boards including the Middle East Advisory Group to the International Monetary Fund,[62] and the Economic Research Forum for the Arab World, Iran and Turkey.[63] She is also active on the board and as a mentor to the Minority Ethnic Talent Association which supports under-represented groups to advance to senior positions in the civil service.[64]
Shafik currently serves as a Trustee of the British Museum,[65] the Council of the Institute for Fiscal Studies,[66] the Task Force on Fiscal Policy for Health,[67] the New Economy Forum,[68] and the Per Jacobsson Foundation.[69]
In 2021, she was appointed to the Pandemic Preparedness Partnership (PPP), an expert group chaired by Patrick Vallance to advise the G7 presidency held by the government of Prime Minister Boris Johnson.[70]
Safik was appointed as a trustee of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in January 2022.[71]
In a piece published on the International Monetary Fund's website, as part of the promotion of her book, What We Owe Each Other: A New Social Contract, Shafik indicated that she was worried about 'cancel culture' on university campuses, commenting: "The point of university is to be intellectually challenged and confronted with difference." She argued that universities needed to 'teach people to have difficult conversations', adding: “It’s through that process of listening that you learn, you build consensus, and you move forward as a community."[11]
Recognition
Shafik was made a
She was named "GG2 Woman of the Year" in 2009.[73] She was named as one of Forbes 100 most powerful women in 2015[74][75] and received the 100 Women in Finance European Industry Leaders Award in 2019.[76]
She was
Shafik was elected an
Personal life
Shafik married economist
Shafik is a dual American and British citizen and speaks English, Arabic, and French.[17][87]
References
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- ^ Cineas, Fabiola (7 June 2024). "The failure of the college president". Vox. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
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- ^ "Nemat (Minouche) Shafik" (PDF). Parliament of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ "Nemat Shafik [profile]". International Monetary Fund. 13 December 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
- ^ "Conversations with History: Nemat Shafik". Globetrotter.berkeley.edu. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
- ^ a b "Deputy Managing Director, IMF". The World Bank. 11 April 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
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- ^ "United Kingdom (2010) DAC Peer Review – Main Findings and Recommendations". Oecd.org. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
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- ^ Science, London School of Economics and Political. "Meet the Director". London School of Economics and Political Science.
- ^ a b c HESA (2003). "HE academic staff by HE provider and employment conditions, Academic years 2014/15 to 2021/22". www.hesa.ac.uk. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
- ^ a b LSE (2023). "Industrial Action: marking and assessment boycott – frequently asked questions (FAQs) for staff and managers" (PDF). LSE. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
- ^ a b c LSE Registrar's Division, Student Services (June 2023). "Marking and Assessment Boycott Summer 2023 Exceptional Degree Classification Schemes for Provisional Classifications" (PDF). London School of Economics.
- ^ ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
- ^ "Columbia University Names Minouche Shafik 20th President". Columbia News. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
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- ^ Manning, Kathy (17 April 2023). "Rep. Kathy Manning | Submission for the Record | Statement from Rep. Ritchie Torres". Congree.gov. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
- ^ Egan, Matt (25 October 2023). "Columbia University postpones major fundraiser amid tensions over Israel-Hamas war". CNN Business. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
- ^ Mendell, Chris. "Faculty protest against suspension of SJP, JVP". Columbia Daily Spectator. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
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- ^ Bernstein, Noah. "Shafik declined to testify before Congress, citing a scheduling conflict. But Columbia remains under national scrutiny". Columbia Daily Spectator. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
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- ^ a b Ochs, Caitlin; Allen, Jonathan (23 April 2024). "Pro-Palestinian protesters arrested at Yale, NYU; Columbia cancels in-person classes". Reuters. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
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- ^ Stahl, Maya. "Shafik authorizes NYPD to sweep 'Gaza Solidarity Encampment,' officers in riot gear arrest over 100". Columbia Daily Spectator. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
- ^ Noxon, Oscar. "CCSC executive board issues open letter condemning Shafik's authorization of NYPD 'Gaza Solidarity Encampment' sweep". Columbia Daily Spectator. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
- ^ "AAUP President: Columbia President Shafik Trampled on Students' Rights". AAUP. 19 April 2024. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
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- ^ Quilantan, Bianca (22 April 2024). "Fetterman, Scott, Banks join calls for Columbia president to step down". Politico. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
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- ^ Graziosi, Graig (29 April 2024). "Columbia University president says negotiations with protesters have fallen apart". The Independent. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
- ^ "Read the letter Columbia University's president sent to the NYPD asking for assistance". NBC New York. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
- ^ Library, Columbia University402 Low; Code 4321, Mail; York, 535 W. 116 St New; book, NY 10027Add us to your address. "🎊 President Shafik Congratulates the Class of 2024 - Columbia University". deal.town. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Bamberger, Cayla (10 May 2024). "No confidence vote in Columbia University President Minouche Shafik underway in wake of Gaza protests". New York Daily News. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
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- ^ "Civil Service Live Network Article – A working partnership". Network.civilservicelive.com. 7 April 2009. Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
- ^ "The British Museum – Trustee Dame Nemat (Minouche) Shafik". britishmuseum.org.
- ^ "IFS Annual Lecture: Baroness Minouche Shafik". Institute for Fiscal Studies. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
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- ^ a b Ashton, James (22 June 2015). "Bank of England's Minouche Shafik: 'We want to make life difficult for the bad apples in banking'". Evening Standard.
- ^ "GG2 Leadership and Diversity Awards". Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
- ^ "The World's Most Powerful Women: 19 Newcomers To The 2015 List". forbes.com.
- ^ "#59 Nemat (Minouche) Shafik". forbes.com.
- ^ "Dame Minouche Shafik Named Recipient of 100 Women in Finance's 2018 European Industry Leadership Award to be presented at London Gala".
- ^ "No. 28398". The Edinburgh Gazette. 2 October 2020. p. 1610.
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- ^ "Parliamentary career for Baroness Shafik". members.parliament.uk. UK Parliament. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
- ^ "Leave of Absence Leave of absence was granted to Baroness Shafik for the remainder of this Session". House of Lords. 3 July 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
- ^ "The British Academy elects 84 new Fellows recognising outstanding achievement in the humanities and social sciences". The British Academy. 23 July 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
- ^ "Honorary doctorates for Minouche Shafik and Professor João Mano". Utrecht University News. 18 March 2022. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
- ^ Inman, Phillip (22 January 2022). "Minouche Shafik: 'The idea that you are successful because you are hardworking is pernicious'". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
- ^ Gopinath, Deepak (23 September 2004). "Pimco's El-Erian Shuns Banks That Break His Rules". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
- ^ Fleming, Sam (21 March 2014). "Nemat Shafik: High-Flyer Parachuted in by the Bank of England". Financial Times. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
- ^ Columbia University (18 January 2023). 20 Facts About Columbia's 20th President, Minouche Shafik.
- ^ Sullivan, Patricia (Summer 2018). "How Minouche Shafik '83 Became One of Britain's Most Influential People". University of Massachusetts Amherst. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
Sources
- "New top civil servant for DFID". DFID.gov.uk. 9 June 2011. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
External links
- Executive Office of LSE Archived, LSE 2023
- Meet Minouche Shafik Columbia University 2023
- Full text of doctoral thesis, "Private investment and public policy in Egypt, 1960–1986" via Oxford Research Archive
- Shafik on BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs in 2018