Mohammad Hidayatullah
Mohammad Hidayatullah Zakir Husain | |
---|---|
Preceded by | Kailas Nath Wanchoo |
Succeeded by | Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah |
Personal details | |
Born | Independent | 17 December 1905
Spouse | Pushpa Shah |
Alma mater | Nagpur University Trinity College, Cambridge Lincoln's Inn |
Occupation |
|
Mohammad Hidayatullah
Early life and education
Hidayatullah was born in 1905 in the well-known family of Khan Bahadur Hafiz Mohammed Wilayatullah. His grand father Munshi Kudartullah was advocate in
After completing primary education at the Government High School of
Career
After graduation, Hidayatullah returned to India and enrolled as an advocate of the High Court of Central Provinces and Berar at Nagpur on 19 July 1930. He also taught Jurisprudence and Mahomedan Law in the University College of Law at Nagpur and was also the Extension Lecturer in English literature. On 12 December 1942, he was appointed Government Pleader in the High Court at Nagpur. On 2 August 1943, he became the Advocate General of Central Provinces and Berar (now
On 24 June 1946, Hidayatullah was appointed as Additional Judge of that High Court of Central Provinces and Berar and on 13 September 1946 he was appointed as permanent judge of said High Court where he served until being elevated to Chief Justice of the Nagpur High Court in 1954 on 3 December 1954, being the youngest
He retired from this position on 16 December 1970.[4][5][9]
Presidency
During his term as the
After his retirement, Hidayatullah was elected as the Vice-President of India by a consensus among different parties and occupied that high office with distinction from 1979 to August 1984. During his tenure as the Vice-President, he won the respect of all concerned for his impartiality and independence.
In 1982, when the then President Zail Singh went to the U.S. for medical treatment, Vice-President Hidayatullah officiated as president from 6 October 1982 to 31 October 1982. Thus, he officiated as acting president twice.
Having served at all of these positions made Hidayatullah unique among other members of Indian history. He became the only person to have served in all three offices of Chief Justice of India, President of India, and the Vice President of India.[4][5]
During his long tenure in the Supreme Court he was a party to a number of landmark judgments including the judgment in
Career in Nagpur
Before being elevated as a judge to High Court, Hidayatullah was involved in local and state affairs. The following are some of the committee positions he held:
- Member of the Nagpur Municipal Committee (1931–1933)
- Member of the Nagpur University's Executive and Academic Councils (1934–1953)
- Member of the Nagpur Improvement Trust (1943–1945)
- Member of the Nagpur Bar Council (1943–1946)
- Chief Commissioner of the Madhya Pradesh Bharat Scouts and Guides (1950–1953)
Many of these positions, as well as those of High Court Justice were held prior to Indian Independence, they were all considered service to Great Britain, thus Hidayatullah was conferred the honour as an
Teaching and other associations
Having received an education at one of the premier legal institutions of the time, Hidayatullah was able to segue into an academic career not long after returning to India. In 1935, he took a teaching post at University College of Law, where he taught until 1943. Later he served as Dean of the Faculty of Law at
He was, at one time, a Member of the Executive Council of the World Assembly of Judges and of the Managing Committee of the British Institute of International and Comparative Law. He was a Member of the International Council of Former Scouts and Guides, Brussels, and
Scholar and linguist
Hidayatullah was a scholar in Hindi, English, Urdu, Persian and French. He had working knowledge of some other Indian languages including Sanskrit and Bengali.[11]
Institutions
Hidayatullah was the president of Indian Law Institute, International Law Association (Indian Branch), Indian Society of International Law from 1968 to 1970. He also presided the Indian Red Cross Society in 1982. He was closely associated with Hunger Project of USA, World Association of Orphans and Abandoned Children (Geneva), and Independent Commission on International Humanitarian Issues (1982–84).
The
Books
- Democracy in India and the Judicial Process, 1966 by Asia Publishing House (1967).[12]
- The South-West Africa Case, Published 1967 by Asia Publishing House (1966).
- Judicial Methods Published for the Institute of Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies by National Publishing House (1970).
- A Judge's Miscellany, N. M. Tripathi (1972).
- USA and India: All India Reporter (1977).
- A Judge's Miscellany (Second Series) N. M. Tripathi(1972).
- The Fifth and Sixth Schedules to the Constitution of India, Ashok Pub. House
- My own Boswell (Autobiography) Arnold-Heinemann (1980).
- Editor, Mulla's Mohammedan Law
- Constitutional law of India: Bar Council of India Trust (1984).
- Right to property and the Indian Constitution: Calcutta University(1984).
- Justice Hidayatullah on commercial laws: Deep & Deep (1982).
Awards and honours
- Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE), 1946 King's Birthday Honours[13]
- Order of the Yugoslav Flag with Sash, 1970,
- Medallion and Plaque of Merit Philconsa, Manila, 1970 and
- Knight of Mark Twain, 1971;
- Honoured with "Proud Past Alumni" in the list of 42 members, from "Allahabad University Alumni Association", NCR, Ghaziabad (Greater Noida) Chapter 2007-2008 registered under society act 1860 with registration no. 407/2000.[14][15][16]
- Honorary Bencher of Lincoln's Inn, 1968;* President of Honour, Inns of Courts Society, India.
- War Service Badge, 1948;
- Key of the City of Manila, 1971;
- Shiromani Award, 1986;
- Architects of India Award, 1987;
- Dashrathmal Singhvi Memorial Award of the Banaras HinduUniversity.[2]
Between 1970 and 1987, as many as 12 Indian Universities and the University of Philippines conferred upon him the honorary degree of Doctorate of Law or Literature.[2]
Legacy
In his honour, the Hidayatullah National Law University was established in 2003, in his home town of Raipur, in the state of Chhattisgarh.[9] University also organises Justice Hidayatullah Memorial National Moot Court Competition (HNMCC) in his memory.[17]
Personal life
In 1948, Hidayatullah married
Their son, Arshad Hidayatullah, is a
See also
References
- ^ "Former Vice Presidents of India". Secretariat of Vice President of India. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g Desai, P. D., Justice. "Full Court Reference in Memory of The Late Justice Mohammad Hidayatullah". (1992) 4 SCC (Jour) 10. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b "Speech by Shri I. M. Chagla" (PDF). Bombay High Court. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 1992. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
- ^ a b c "M. Hidayatullah". www.supremecourtofindia.nic.in. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 8 June 2008.
- ^ a b c "EBC article on J. Hidayatullah". www.ebc-india.com. Retrieved 8 June 2008.
- ^ Full Court Reference in Memory of The Late Justice M. Hidayatullah, by M.H. Kania, Chief Justice of India: (1992) 4 SCC (Jour) 1
- ^ a b "Hidayatullah, Shri M." Secretariat of Vice President of India. Archived from the original on 28 July 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
- ^ "Mohammad Hidayatullah". Supreme Court of India. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
- ^ a b c d "Justice M. Hidayatullah". hnlu.ac.in. Hidayatullah National Law University. Archived from the original on 5 June 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
- ^ "Ranjit D. Udeshi vs State Of Maharashtra on 19 August, 1964 Equivalent 1965 AIR 881, 1965 SCR (1) 65". Retrieved 10 November 2021.
- ^ "SPEECH BY MR. S. G. PAGE, GOVERNMENT PLEADER, HIGH COURT, BOMBAY" (PDF). Bombay High Court. 28 September 1992. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
- ^ http://www.getcited.org/mbrx/PT/2/MBR/10156330 Archived 18 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine Books by M. Hidayatullah: getCITED
- ^ "The London Gazette, 13 June 1946". Retrieved 13 January 2020.
- ^ "He is Proud Past Alumni Allahabad University" Archived 7 July 2012 at archive.today. Allahabad university Alumni Association web page say
- ^ "Best Reviews and Top Ten Products to Buy in 2019". Review Best. 10 November 2018. Archived from the original on 15 January 2008. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
- ^ "Best Reviews and Top Ten Products to Buy in 2019". Review Best. 10 November 2018. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
- ^ "Justice Hidayatullah Memorial National Moot Court Competition (HNMCC)" (PDF). Lexcetera. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
- ^ "The Liberty To Love". The Indian Express. 31 October 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
- ISBN 978-81-87498-65-0.