Monarchism in France
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Monarchism in France is the advocacy of restoring the monarchy (mostly constitutional monarchy) in France, which was abolished after the 1870 defeat by Prussia, arguably before that in 1848 with the establishment of the French Second Republic. The French monarchist movements are roughly divided today in three groups:
- The Legitimists for the royal House of Bourbon,
- the Orléanists for the cadet branch of the House of Orléans, and
- the Bonapartists for the imperial House of Bonaparte
History
In France,
But the intransigence of the
Concerns about monarchists caused the French government to
Monarchists were then active under the Vichy regime, with the leader of the Action Française Charles Maurras qualifying as "divine surprise" the overthrow of the Republic and the arrival to power of Marshal Pétain. A few of them, such as Henri d'Astier de la Vigerie, took part in the Resistance out of patriotic concerns. The Action Française was then dissolved after the war, but Maurice Pujo founded it again in 1947.
Some legitimists had become involved in the
Current pretenders
The most recognised pretenders to the French throne are Prince Jean, Count of Paris for the Orléanists; Prince Louis, Duke of Anjou for the Legitimists; and Jean-Christophe, Prince Napoléon for the Bonapartists.
Monarchist groups
Monarchism continues to exist in France. The historian
- Action Française (right-wing)
- Alliance Royale (right-wing)
- Nouvelle Action Royaliste (left-wing)
Republican constitutional framework
The only
However, a little-known, non-sovereign form of monarchy remains in France, with the three traditional kings of Wallis and Futuna, a small Pacific archipelago organized as three kingdoms, who are granted recognition under article 75 of the Constitution.[4] It became French under colonial status in 1917, from an earlier control as a protectorate, before being incorporated in 1946.
Occasional references to the king or the emperor remain in French law, although they are interpreted as going for the president, who has replaced them under the present constitution. One famous example used to be article 1 of the Civil Code, which provides for the entry into force of laws: until 2004, it had remained as last amended at the start of the Restoration in 1816, with updated mentions in brackets in most editions: “Laws are enforceable throughout the French territory by virtue of the promulgation made thereof by the King (the President of the Republic). They shall be executed in each part of the Kingdom (of the Republic) from the moment when their promulgation can be known.”[5] It was rewritten in 2004.[6]
In addition, a local civil servant of the French government carries the additional responsibility of "
References
- ^ Whitney Smith. Flags through the ages and cross the world. McGraw-Hill Book Company. 1975. p. 75[ISBN missing]
- ^ ISBN 0-19-820706-9.
- ISSN 2105-0937. pp. 94–95.
- ISSN 0046-2616 – via Cairn.info.
- ^ "Article 1 — Code civil (version en vigueur du 21 mars 1804 au 01 juin 2004)". Légifrance (in French). Paris: Direction de l’Information légale et administrative. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
- OpenEdition Books. p. 926.
- ISSN 0395-2037.
- ISBN 978-99920-0-549-1.