National Democratic Union (Brazil)

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National Democratic Union
União Democrática Nacional
PresidentSee list below
Secretary-GeneralSee list below
FounderCarlos Lacerda
FoundedApril 7, 1945 (1945-04-07)
DissolvedOctober 27, 1965 (1965-10-27)
IdeologyConservatism[1]
Classical liberalism[1]
Political positionCentre-right[2][3]
ColoursBlue, White, & Red

The National Democratic Union (Portuguese: União Democrática Nacional, UDN) was a political party that existed in Brazil between 1945 and 1965. It was ideologically aligned with conservatism. During most of its existence, it was the country's second-strongest party.[1] Its symbol was an Olympic torch and its motto was "The price of freedom is eternal vigilance", a quote falsely attributed to Thomas Jefferson.

History

At the end of

Brazilian Labour Party
(PTB), formed to give support to Vargas among the elite and the working class, respectively.

UDN was defeated in the presidential elections of 1945, 1950 and 1955,[4] but remained the second largest party in the National Congress, second only to PSD, from 1945 until 1962, when it was surpassed by PTB. The main political figure of UDN was Carlos Lacerda, a staunch enemy of Vargas, whose second presidency (1951–1954) was bitterly opposed by UDN. An assassination attempt against Lacerda led to Vargas' suicide. On 1960, UDN preferred not to launch a presidential candidate, supporting the victorious Jânio Quadros instead.[4][5] Although Quadros was not a UDN member himself, most of the ministers in the Quadros Cabinet were members of UDN. The party was soon dissatisfied with Quadros, who resigned in a clumsy political maneuver. Without UDN's support, Quadros lost the majority of seats in the Congress, and soon found out it was impossible to govern without the backing of the Parliament.[5] On August 21, 1961, just eight months after his inauguration, he resigned, hoping to return to power via popular acclaim.[5]

Vice President

National Renewal Alliance Party (Aliança Renovadora Nacional – Arena), a new party created to endorse and support the military regime, along with some members of Goulart's and Kubitschek's parties, dooming the movement to effective extinction after the creation of Institutional Act Number Five, the forced exile of many of its supporters and the establishment of the newly created Brazilian Democratic Movement (Movimento Democrático Brasileiro - MDB) as the official and legal opposition to the regime, which counted with little but existent participation of some elements in the former UDN.[7]

Ideology

Even before UDN supported the 1964 Brazilian Coup d'état, opponents of UDN characterized it as a golpista (pro-

state monopoly on oil and against the impeachment of Communist members of the Congress.[4] On the other hand, it denounced the "Communist infiltration" in public administration, and strongly opposed government intervention in the economy.[4] Members of the Democratic Left faction, which defected UDN to form the Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB), characterized the party as a free market advocate, citing this as one of the reasons for the defection.[8] Contesting the results whenever losing an election was also a common practice inside UDN.[4]

The party was marked by binding itself with the Brazilian Army[9] and the aspirations of urban middle classes, all of which became unofficially known as "udenismo".[4] An expression of the attitudes of its leaders towards politics, "udenismo" was characterized by defending classical liberalism, advocating higher education and traditional morality, and repulsing populism.[4]

Electoral performance

Chamber
Senate
Year Votes % of votes Seats % of seats1 Seats2
1945 1,575,375 26.6 81 28.3 12
1947 677.374 32.4 5 26.3 8
1950 1,812,849 24.7 81 26.6 3
1954 1,936,935 21.9 74 22.7 18
1958 2,319,713 21.1 70 21.5 11
1962 2,547,207 22.6 97 23.7 14
1
coalitions.
Source: Rio de Janeiro State University

Presidents

Secretaries-General

References

  1. ^ a b c d Mainwaring, Scott; Meneguello, Rachel; Power, Timothy J. (2000), "Conservative Parties, Democracy, and Economic Reform in Contemporary Brazil", Conservative Parties, the Right, and Democracy in Latin America, The Johns Hopkins University Press, p. 170
  2. ^ Roett, Riordan (2010), The New Brazil, The Brookings Institution, p. 43
  3. ^ Williams, Daryle; Weinstein, Barbara (2000), "Vargas Morto: The Death and Life of a Brazilian Statesman", Death, Dismemberment, and Memory: Body Politics in Latin America, University of New Mexico Press, p. 276
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k (in Portuguese) "Dicionário Político – União Democrática Nacional (UDN)". Marxists Internet Archive. Reproduced from CPDOC/Fundação Getulio Vargas.
  5. ^ a b c (in Portuguese) Nunes, Branca. "Dos sonhos de JK às vassouras de Jânio" Archived 2011-01-08 at the Wayback Machine. Blog Caça ao Voto. Veja. September 2, 2010.
  6. ^ (in Portuguese) "Filmes: Cabra Marcado para Morrer" Archived 2010-11-30 at the Wayback Machine. Historianet. October 24, 2000.
  7. ^ BRANCO, Carlos Castelo. A Marcha para a Ditadura. p. 346.
  8. ^ (in Portuguese) História do PSB Archived 2010-11-03 at the Wayback Machine. Brazilian Socialist Party official website.
  9. ^ (in Portuguese) Gaio, André Moysés. "Affinities Between the National Democratic Union (UDN) and the Brazilian Army" Archived 2011-07-06 at the Wayback Machine. Diálogos. Maringá State University. Department of History.
  10. ^ NICOLAS, 1977, p32.
  11. ^ HOERNER, 2001, p153.
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