Outline of scientific method
Appearance
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the scientific method:
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Nature of scientific method
Scientific method |
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Background |
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Scientific community |
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Characterization |
- Science
- Philosophy of science
- Sociology of knowledge
- Process of science
- Knowledge
Elements of scientific method
Observation
Hypothesis
- pro:Karl Popper
- con:Paul Feyerabend
- Statistical hypothesis testing
Experiment
- Laboratory
- Laboratory techniques
- Design of experiments
- Scientific control
- Natural experiment
- Observational study
- Field experiment
- Self-experimentation
- Placebo effect
Theory
Prediction
- Prediction
- statistical reasoning
- Deductive reasoning
- Retrodiction
Evaluation by scientific community
- Peer review
- Medical peer review
Scientific method concepts
Empirical methods
Empirical methods
- Empiricism
- Robert Grosseteste
- Peter Parker
- Empirical validation
- Operationalization
Use of statistics
- Uncomfortable science — Inference from a limited sample of data
- Exploratory data analysis
- Confirmatory data analysis
Paradigm change
Problem of induction
The problem of induction questions the logical basis of scientific statements.
- Inductive reasoning appears to lie at the core of the scientific method, yet also appears to be invalid.
- David Hume was the person who first pointed out the problem of induction.
- Karl Popper offered one solution, Falsifiability
Scientific creativity
Deviations from the scientific method
Critique of scientific method
- Paul Feyerabend argued that the search for a definitive scientific method was misplaced and even counterproductive.
- Imre Lakatos attempted to bridge the gap between Popper and Kuhn.
- Sociology of scientific knowledge
- Scientism
Relationship of scientific method to technology
Aesthetics in the scientific method
History of scientific method
Publications
- Ibn al-Haytham's Book of Optics
- Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine
- Roger Bacon's Opus Majus
- Francis Bacon's Novum Organum
Persons influential in the development of scientific method
See also
- Bayesian probability
- Quasi-empirical methods
- Foundation ontology
- Ontology
- Philosophy of mathematics
- Mathematics
- Epistemology
- Post-processual archaeology is a methodological curiosity from Archaeology.
- Structuralism
- Physical law