Outward Bound
Outward Bound (OB) is an international network of
Outward Bound helped to shape the U.S.
History
The first Outward Bound school was opened in
James Martin Hogan served as warden for the first year of the school.[9] This mission was established and then expanded by Capt. J. F. "Freddy" Fuller who took over the leadership of the Aberdyfi school in 1942 and served the Outward Bound movement as senior warden until 1971.[10] Fuller had been seconded from the Blue Funnel Line following wartime experience during the Battle of the Atlantic of surviving two successive torpedo attacks and commanding an open lifeboat in the Atlantic Ocean for thirty-five days without losing a single member of the crew.[11]
An educational
From the inception of Outward Bound, community service was an integral part of the program, especially in the areas of sea and mountain rescues and this remains an important part of the training for both staff and students.
Outward Bound International was founded as a non-profit organisation in 2004 to license the use of the brand name "Outward Bound" and to provide support for the international network of schools.[20]
Current
Today there are organisations, called schools, in more than 35 countries with 250 wilderness and urban locations around the world which are attended by more than 250,000 students each year.[1][21] Separate organisations operate the schools in each of the other countries in which Outward Bound operates.[4]
Since its founding in the middle of the last century, Outward Bound has encouraged individuals to test their physical and emotional limits in challenging outdoor adventure programs. The experiences are a means of building inner strength and a heightened awareness of human interdependence.[22] Outward Bound's compass rose emblem serves as the logo for almost all the schools around the world.[20]
Blue Peter nautical flag
The name Outward Bound derives from a nautical expression that refers to the moment a
... Come, my friends.
Tis not too late to seek a newer world.
Though much is taken, much abides; and though
We are not now that strength which in old days
Moved earth and heaven, that which we are, we are --
One equal temper of heroic hearts,
Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will
To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.
Course specifics
Outward Bound courses follow a kind of recipe or formula, termed the Outward Bound Process Model which is well described by Walsh and Golins (1976) as:[23]
- Taking a ready, motivated learner
- into a prescribed, unfamiliar physical environment,
- along with a small group of people
- who are faced with a series of incremental, inter-related problem-solving tasks
- which creates in the individual a state of dissonance requiring adaptive coping and
- leads to a sense of mastery or competence when equilibrium is managed.
- The cumulative effect of these experiences leads to a reorganisation of the self-conceptions and information the learner holds about him/herself.
- The learner will then continue to be positively oriented to further learning and development experiences (transfer).
In a typical class, participants are divided into small patrols (or groups) under the guidance of one or more instructors. The first few days, often at a base camp, are spent training for the outdoor education activities that the course will contain and in the philosophy of Outward Bound. After initial confidence-building challenges, the group heads off on an expedition. As the group develops the capacity to do so, the instructors ask the group to make its own decisions.[23]
See also
References
- ^ a b "Outward Bound International". Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ a b "Our History". The Outward Bound Trust. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
- ^ a b c "INTERNATIONAL EXPANSION". Archived from the original on 10 December 2007. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ^ a b "OB Schools". Outward Bound International. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4925-4786-0.
- ^ "History". Outward Bound International. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
- ^ Outward Bound International (2004). Birth of Outward Bound Archived 2007-11-10 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 9 December 2007.
- ^ a b Jan. 29, Emily Guerin; Now, 2013 From the print edition Like Tweet Email Print Subscribe Donate (29 January 2013). "How Outward Bound lost, and found, itself". www.hcn.org. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Outward Bound Wales, Aberdyfi. Retrieved 29 August 2008.
- ^ James, David, (1957). Outward Bound. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London.
- ISBN 978-0-89886-874-6.
- ^ "History of Outward Bound Malaysia – The Outward Bound Trust of Malaysia". Retrieved 15 October 2019.
- ^ "History Outward Bound Australia". Outward Bound Australia. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
- ^ "Puerto Rican Training–Blame It On The Brits – Peace Corps Worldwide". peacecorpsworldwide.org. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
- ^ "Outward Bound 2015 Program Guide". Issuu. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
- ^ Outward Bound International. "International Expansion". Archived from the original on 10 December 2007. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
- S2CID 144920806.
- ^ "Claim culture hits Outward Bound". BBC News. 4 September 2010. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
- ^ "Prince Andrew resigns from Outward Bound Trust as aides confirm he will continue working for Pitch@Palace". Daily Telegraph. 21 November 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
- ^ a b "Licensing". Outward Bound International. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
- ^ "Home". Outward Bound International. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
- ^ Outward Bound USA: Crew not Passengers, Josh Miner and Joe Boldt (Seattle: The Mountaineer Books, 2002)
- ^ a b Walsh, V., & Golins, G. L. (1976). The exploration of the Outward Bound process. Denver, CO: Colorado Outward Bound School.
External links
- The Outward Bound Trust, official website for the United Kingdom.
- Official website , Outward Bound International