Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy

Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) is enlarged, painless, non-tender

lymph nodes occurring in a couple of different areas for more than three to six months for which no other reason can be found.^[1]

To expand, the common site where PGL occurs is within the head and neck region; parotid gland alterations and nasopharyngeal lymphatic tissue enlargement are often frequent comorbidities of Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy. Due to lymphoproliferation in the intraglandular lymphoid tissue, obstruction within the epithelium results in cystic expansion, which is the cause of cystic parotid lesions found in PGL.[2] This condition frequently occurs in people in the latency period of HIV/AIDS.^[1]

The

armpits or groin. These lymph nodes are also known as glands or lymphoid tissue. If they detect something foreign passing through them, they enlarge. This is called lymphadenopathy or swollen glands. Usually this is localized (for example, an infected spot on the scalp will cause lymph nodes in the neck on that same side to swell). However, when two or more lymph node groups are involved, it is called generalized lymphadenopathy

. Usually this is in response to significant systemic disease and will subside once the person has recovered. Sometimes it can persist long-term, even when no explanation for the lymphadenopathy can be found.

PGL is often found in cases of autoimmune disease (where the body is attacking itself). These include diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and sarcoidosis. Some forms of cancer will also cause PGL. Sometimes, despite exhaustive investigation, no cause for PGL is found. For the patient and the physician, this can continue to be a source of concern, but many adults have had PGL all their lives and suffered no ill effects. In others, the PGL may persist for a decade or more and then mysteriously subside. Children often have generalized lymphadenopathy of the head and neck, or even PGL, without the finding of a sinister cause. At puberty this usually disappears.

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References

^
ISBN 978-0-443-06839-3. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
)

^ HIV lymphadenopathy: Differential diagnosis and important imaging features : American Journal of roentgenology : Vol. 216, no. 2 (AJR). American Journal of Roentgenology. (n.d.). Retrieved November 18, 2022, from https://www.ajronline.org/doi/full/10.2214/AJR.19.22334?mobileUi=0

[M121-1] 
ISBN 978-0-443-06839-3. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
)

[2] HIV lymphadenopathy: Differential diagnosis and important imaging features : American Journal of roentgenology : Vol. 216, no. 2 (AJR). American Journal of Roentgenology. (n.d.). Retrieved November 18, 2022, from https://www.ajronline.org/doi/full/10.2214/AJR.19.22334?mobileUi=0

[1]

v t e Lymphatic disease: organ and vessel diseases
Thymus	Abscess Hyperplasia Hypoplasia DiGeorge syndrome Ectopic thymus Thymoma Thymic carcinoma
Spleen	Asplenia Asplenia with cardiovascular anomalies Accessory spleen Polysplenia Wandering spleen Splenomegaly Banti's syndrome Splenic infarction Splenic tumor
Lymph node	Lymphadenopathy Generalized lymphadenopathy Castleman's disease Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma Kikuchi disease Tonsils see Template:Respiratory pathology
Lymphatic vessels	Lymphangitis Lymphangiectasia Lymphedema Primary lymphedema Congenital lymphedema Lymphedema praecox Lymphedema tarda Lymphedema–distichiasis syndrome Milroy's disease Secondary lymphedema Bullous lymphedema Factitial lymphedema Postinflammatory lymphedema Postmastectomy lymphangiosarcoma Waldmann disease