Polish literature
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Polish literature is the literary tradition of
The period of
In the second period, many Polish Romantics worked abroad. Influential poets included Adam Mickiewicz, Juliusz Słowacki and Zygmunt Krasiński.
In the aftermath of the failed
In the years of German and Soviet occupation of Poland, all artistic life was dramatically compromised. Cultural institutions were lost. Out of 1,500 clandestine publications in Poland, about 200 were devoted to literature. Much of Polish literature written during the
Middle Ages
Almost nothing remains of Polish literature prior to the
Within the Polish literary tradition, it is customary to include works that have dealt with
The first recorded sentence in the
Most early texts in Polish
In the early 1470s, one of the first printing houses in Poland was set up by
Renaissance
With the advent of the
A Polish writer who used
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Baroque
The literature in the period of
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Enlightenment
The period of
One of the leading Polish Enlightenment poets was
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Romanticism
Due to
The literature of Polish
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Positivism
In the aftermath of the failed
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Young Poland (1890–1918)
The
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Interbellum (1918–39)
Literature of the Second Polish Republic (1918–1939) encompasses a short, though exceptionally dynamic period in Polish literary consciousness. The socio-political reality has changed radically with Poland's return to independence. In large part, derivative of these changes was the collective and unobstructed development of programs for artists and writers. New avant-garde trends had emerged. The period, spanning just twenty years, was full of notable individualities who saw themselves as exponents of changing European civilization, including Tuwim, Witkacy, Gombrowicz, Miłosz, Dąbrowska and Nałkowska (PAL). They all contributed to a new model of the twentieth-century Polish culture echoing its own language of everyday life.[12][13][14]
The two decades of
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World War II
In the years of
Best-known representatives of the war years are:
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1945–56
All texts published under Soviet rules were strictly censored. Much of Polish literature written during the
The situation began to worsen dramatically around 1949–1950 with the introduction of the
1956–1989
This article is in prose. is available. (January 2011) |
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1989–present
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Nobel laureates
Henryk Sienkiewicz (1846–1916) |
Władysław Reymont (1865–1925) |
Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902–91) |
Czesław Miłosz (1911–2004) |
Wisława Szymborska (1923–2012) |
Olga Tokarczuk (born 1962) |
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- Henryk Sienkiewicz (1905)
- Władysław Reymont (1924)
- Isaac Bashevis Singer (1978, Yiddish)
- Czesław Miłosz (1980)
- Wisława Szymborska (1996)
- Olga Tokarczuk (2018, awarded 2019)
See also
- List of Poles: Literature
- List of Polish-language authors
- List of Polish-language poets
- Polish comics
- Polish poetry
- Samizdat
- Sapphic stanza in Polish poetry
- Science fiction and fantasy in Poland
- Socialist realism in Polish literature
- Stowarzyszenie Pisarzy Polskich
- Kashubian literature
Notes
- ^ ISBN 0-520-04477-0. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
- ^ "Experience Poland: Polish culture", "Polska" official promotional website of the Republic of Poland. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2008–2011.
- ^ ISBN 0-231-03717-1
- ^ Mikoś, Michael J. (1999). "MIDDLE AGES LITERARY BACKGROUND". Staropolska on-line. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2008.
- ^ The Mikołaj Rej collection, with biography and body of works. National Digital Library (Cyfrowa Biblioteka Narodowa Polona), 2006. Archived 3 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine (in English)
- ^ Stanisław Barańczak, Baroque in Polish poetry of the 17th century. Archived 22 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine Instytut Książki, Poland. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ Karol Badecki, "Pisma Jana Dzwonowskiego (1608–1625)." Archived 2 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine Wydawnictwa Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie. Biblioteka Pisarzów Polskich. Kraków. Nakładem Akademii Umiejętności. 1910. 119s. (in Polish)
- ^ Jacek Adamczyk, book review: Regina Libertas: Liberty in Polish Eighteenth-Century Political Thought, by Anna Grześkowiak-Krwawicz. Archived 22 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine Instytut Książki, Poland. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ William Ansell Day. The Russian government in Poland : with a narrative of the Polish Insurrection of 1863 (1867) and Augustin O'Brien Petersburg and Warsaw: scenes witnessed during a residence in Poland and Russia in 1863–1864 (1864)
- ^ Czesław Miłosz, The History of Polish Literature, p. 284.
- ^ (in Polish) J. Maurin-Białostocka, J. Derwojed, Słownik artystów polskich i obcych w Polsce działających. Warszawska Drukarnia Naukowa PAN, Wrocław 1979, Ossolineum
- ^ "Główne gatunki literackie uprawiane w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym." Kulturalna Polska. (in Polish) Retrieved 24 September 2011.
- ^ Prof. Marian Stala of Jagiellonian University, 1989: Dwa dwudziestolecia (jednej epoki). Dwutygodnik Literatura. Retrieved 24 September 2011.
- ^ Marta Wyka, Literatura Dwudziestolecia i okupacji. Wydawnictwo Literackie, Krakow, 2011. (in Polish)
- ISBN 0-313-26007-9. Retrieved 5 December 2011.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ Literatura II wojny światowej. Opis epoki. Streszczenia.pl. Retrieved 26 September 2011.
- ^ Dorota Blednicka, „Medaliony” na tle ówczesnej literatury wojennej. Kulturalna Polska (Klp.pl). Retrieved 26 September 2011.
- ^ Janusz Termer, Komu jest dziś potrzebny pisarz? Portal artystyczno – literacki Pisarze pl. Retrieved 26 September 2011. (in Polish)
- ^ Heroizacja i deheroizacja postaci w literaturze wojennej i powojennej. Literatura Online (gacek.prv.pl). (in Polish)
- Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
- ISBN 0-300-10561-4, Google Print.
- ^ Ks. Józef Fudali (1915–1955), kapłan Archidiecezji Krakowskiej. Institute of National Remembrance. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
- ^ David Dastych, "Devil's Choice. High-ranking Communist Agents in the Polish Catholic Church." Canada Free Press (CFP), 10 January 2007.
- ^ Dr Stanisław Krajski, "Zabić księży." Archived 14 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine Katolicka Gazeta Internetowa, 1 December 2001.
- Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Wydawnictwo "WAM", Kraków 2009. PDF 385 KB.
- ISBN 0-674-07608-7. Pages 377–378.
References
- ISBN 0-520-04477-0.
- Being Poland. A New History of Polish Literature and Culture Since 1918, ed. by Tamara Trojanowska, Joanna Niżyńska, and Przemysław Czapliński, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2018, ISBN 9781442650183.
- Dariusz Skórczewski, Polish Literature and National Identity: A Postcolonial Perspective, translated by Agnieszka Polakowska, University of Rochester Press – Boydell & Brewer, 2020, ISBN 9781580469784(Rochester Studies in East and Central Europe).
External links
- Polish literature in the Catholic Encyclopedia
- Michael Kandel, Plenty of z's but far from dull: Why you should get to know Polish literature, CNN, 18 November 2013