Politics of Nicaragua
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Nicaragua is a
According to the
Constitution
In 1995, the executive and legislative branches negotiated a reform of the 1987
In January 2014, the National Assembly approved changes to the constitution, removing presidential term limits. This allowed current President Daniel Ortega to run for a third successive term.[2] h
Executive branch
Office | Name | Party | Since | |
---|---|---|---|---|
President | Daniel Ortega | FSLN | 11 January 2016 | |
Vice President | Rosario Murillo | FSLN | 11 January 2016 |
The president and the vice president are elected for a single five-year term. With the reform of the constitution in 2014 the ban on re-election of the president has been removed.[3] The president appoints the Council of Ministers.
Legislative branch
The
Outgoing Vice President Jaime Morales Carazot's seat would usually be given to the outgoing president. However, Danial Ortega was re-elected after the Constitution was modified to remove term limits.
Political parties and elections
Judicial branch
The
Electoral branch
Led by a council of seven magistrates, the Supreme Electoral Council (CSE) is the co-equal branch of government responsible for organizing and conducting elections, plebiscites, and referendums. The magistrates and their alternates are elected to 5-year terms by the National Assembly. Constitutional changes in 2000 expanded the number of CSE magistrates from five to seven and gave the PLC and the FSLN a freer hand to name party activists to the council, prompting allegations that both parties were politicizing electoral institutions and processes and excluding smaller political parties.
Human rights
Freedom of speech is a right guaranteed by the Nicaraguan constitution, but media has come under censorship from time to time.[4][5][6] Other constitutional freedoms include peaceful assembly and association, freedom of religion, and freedom of movement within the country, as well as foreign travel, emigration, and repatriation. The government also permits domestic and international human rights monitors to operate freely in Nicaragua.
The constitution prohibits discrimination based on birth, nationality, political belief, race, gender, language, religion, opinion, national origin, economic or social condition. Homosexuality has been legal since 2008.
All public and private sector workers, except the military and the police, are entitled to form and join unions of their own choosing, and they exercise this right extensively.[7] Nearly half of Nicaragua's work force, including agricultural workers, is unionized.[8] Workers have the right to strike. Collective bargaining is becoming more common in the private sector.[9]
Administrative divisions
Nicaragua is divided into 15 departments: Boaco, Carazo, Chinandega, Chontales, Estelí, Granada, Jinotega, León, Madriz, Managua, Masaya, Matagalpa, Nueva Segovia, Rivas, Río San Juan, as well as in two autonomous regions: North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region and South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region.
Foreign relations
Nicaragua President Daniel Ortega said March 6, 2008 that the nation is breaking relations with Colombia "in solidarity with the Ecuadoran people", following the 2008 Andean diplomatic crisis.[10] The relations were restored soon after.
Political pressure groups
Some political pressure groups are:
- National Workers Front or FNT is a Sandinista umbrella group of eight labor unions, including
- Farm Workers Association or ATC
- Health Workers Federation or FETSALUD
- Heroes and Martyrs Confederation of Professional Associations or CONAPRO
- National Association of Educators of Nicaragua or ANDEN
- National Union of Employees or UNE
- National Union of Farmers and Ranchers or UNAG
- Sandinista Workers' Centre or CST
- Union of Journalists of Nicaragua or UPN
- Permanent Congress of Workers or CPT is an umbrella group of four non-Sandinista labor unions, including
- Autonomous Nicaraguan Workers Central or CTN-A
- Confederation of Labour Unificationor CUS
- Independent General Confederation of Laboror CGT-I
- Labor Action and Unity Central or CAUS
- Nicaraguan Workers' Central or CTN is an independent labor union
- Superior Council of Private Enterpriseor COSEP is a confederation of business groups
See also
- 2013-2019 Nicaraguan protests
- President of the Council of State of Nicaragua
References
- ^ V-Dem Institute (2023). "The V-Dem Dataset". Retrieved 14 October 2023.
- ^ "Nicaragua: Ortega allowed to run for third successive term". BBC. British Broadcasting Corporation. 29 January 2014. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
- ^ "BTI 2022 Nicaragua Country Report". BTI 2022. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
- ^ Avenue, Committee to Protect Journalists 330 7th; York, 11th Floor New; Ny 10001. "Nicaragua Special Report: Daniel Ortega's Media War". cpj.org. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Last founder of Sandinistas dies". BBC News. 2012-05-01. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
- ^ McDonald, Michael (27 December 2018). "Nicaragua Suffers Worst Slump in 30 Years Amid Ortega Crackdown". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
- ISBN 978-1-4387-6836-6.
- ISBN 9780160436277.
- ISBN 978-0-16-043951-3.
- ^ "CNN".