Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge
Prince Adolphus | |||||
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Duke of Cambridge (more) | |||||
Viceroy of the Kingdom of Hanover | |||||
In office 24 October 1816 – 20 June 1837 | |||||
Monarchs | George III George IV William IV | ||||
Preceded by | General von Bülow | ||||
Succeeded by | position abolished | ||||
Born | Buckingham House, London, Great Britain | 24 February 1774||||
Died | 8 July 1850 Cambridge House, Piccadilly, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | (aged 76)||||
Burial | 17 July 1850 | ||||
Spouse | |||||
Issue | |||||
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House | Hanover | ||||
Father | George III | ||||
Mother | Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz | ||||
Signature | |||||
Military career | |||||
Allegiance | |||||
Service/ | |||||
Years of active service | 1791–1813 | ||||
Rank | Field Marshal (active service) | ||||
Commands held |
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Battles/wars |
Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge (Adolphus Frederick; 24 February 1774 – 8 July 1850) was the tenth child and seventh son of King George III of the United Kingdom and Queen Charlotte. He held the title of Duke of Cambridge from 1801 until his death. He served as Viceroy of the Kingdom of Hanover successively on behalf of his elder brothers King George IV and King William IV.
Prince Adolphus married Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel in 1818, by whom he had three children: Prince George, Duke of Cambridge, Princess Augusta of Cambridge and Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge.
Early life
Prince Adolphus was born in February 1774 at
Adolphus was baptized on 24 March 1774 in the Great Council Chamber at
Adolphus was tutored at home until summer 1786, when he was sent to the
Military career
Adolphus was made honorary
During the War of the Second Coalition against France (1799–1802), Adolphus traveled to Berlin in 1801, in order to prevent the impending Prussian occupation of the Electorate.[1] France demanded it, as it was stipulated in the Peace of Basel (1795), obliging Prussia to ensure the Holy Roman Empire's neutrality in all the latter's territories north of the demarcation line at the river Main, including Hanover. Regular Hanoverian troops, therefore, had been commandeered to join the multilateral so-called "Demarcation Army". His efforts were in vain.[1] In 1803, he was senior army commander, and replaced Wallmoden as commander on the Weser on 1 June. With the advance of French forces on one side and 24,000 Prussian soldiers on the other, the situation was hopeless. Cambridge refused to become involved in discussions of capitulation, handed over his command to Hammerstein (Ompteda claims he was forced to resign[3]), and withdrew to England. A plan to recruit additional soldiers in Hanover to be commanded by the Prince had also failed.
In 1803, Adolphus was appointed as commander-in-chief of the newly founded
The Duke served as colonel-in-chief of the
Marriage
After the death of
The Duke of Cambridge was married first at
Viceroy
From 1816 to 1837, the Duke of Cambridge served as
Death
The Duke of Cambridge died on 8 July 1850 at Cambridge House, Piccadilly, London, and was buried in a specially-constructed extension to St Anne's Church, Kew.[1][4] The Duchess was buried alongside him in 1889. Their remains were removed to St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1930.[5] The Prince's only son, Prince George, succeeded to his peerages.
Honours
- KG: Knight of the Garter, 2 June 1786[6]
- GCB: Knight Grand Cross of the Bath (military), 2 January 1815[7]
- GCMG: Grand Master of St Michael and St George, 20 June 1825; Principal Knight Grand Cross, 16 August 1832[8]
- PC: Privy Counsellor, 1802
- GCH: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order, 12 August 1815[9]
Foreign
- Knight of the Black Eagle, 21 September 1823 (Prussia)[10]
- Knight of St. Andrew, 1844 (Russia)
- Hesse-Kassel)[11]
Arms
The Duke's arms were the
Issue
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge had three children:
Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
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Prince George, Duke of Cambridge | 26 March 1819 | 17 March 1904 | married 1847, Royal Marriages Act and was not recognised in law).
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Princess Augusta of Cambridge | 19 July 1822 | 4 December 1916 | married 1843, Friedrich Wilhelm, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; had issue |
Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge | 27 November 1833 | 27 October 1897 | married 1866, Francis, Duke of Teck; had issue, including Mary of Teck, later Queen consort of the United Kingdom. |
Ancestors
Ancestors of Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge Adolphus Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz | |||||||||||||
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6. Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg | |||||||||||||
13. Princess Christiana Emilia Antonia of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen | |||||||||||||
3. Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz | |||||||||||||
14. Ernest Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen | |||||||||||||
7. Princess Elisabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen | |||||||||||||
15. Countess Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach | |||||||||||||
Family tree
Family tree of Dukes and Marquesses of Cambridge | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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See also
- British Royal Family
- House of Hanover
- Duke of Cambridge
- Cambridge Bay, Nunavut
- Adolphustown, Ontario, Canada.
Further reading
- Eilers Koenig, Marlene (October 2020). "The Marriage of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge". Royalty Digest Quarterly.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Johannes Kessels, "Fast wie eine Königsfamilie: Neue Majestäten heißen alle Helmke oder Kück", in: Wümme-Zeitung; 2. Juni 2009.
- ^ Ompteda, p. 131
- ^ Cambridge Mausoleum
- ^ "Royal Burials in the Chapel since 1805". College of St George - Windsor Castle. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
- ^ Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) The Knights of England, I, London, p. 48
- ^ Shaw, p. 182
- ^ Shaw, p. 331
- ^ Shaw, p. 447
- ^ Liste der Ritter des Königlich Preußischen Hohen Ordens vom Schwarzen Adler (1851), "Von Seiner Majestät dem Könige Friedrich Wilhelm III. ernannte Ritter" p. 18
- ^ Kurhessisches Staats- und Addreß-Handbuch: auf das Jahr ... 1827. Verlag des Waisenhauses. 1827. p. 17.
- ^ Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 5.
External links
- "Archival material relating to Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge". UK National Archives.
- Portraits of Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge at the National Portrait Gallery, London
- ^ "The Foundling Hospital Pages 10-24 Survey of London: Volume 24, the Parish of St Pancras Part 4: King's Cross Neighbourhood". British History Online. LCC 1952. Retrieved 10 June 2023.