Punjab gharana
Paṅjāb Gharānā (Urdu:پنجاب گھرانا) (Hindi: पंजाब घराना) (Punjabi: ਪੰਜਾਬ ਘਰਾਨਾ) (sometimes called Punjabi or Paṅjābī Gharānā), is a style and technique of
Lineage
Tabla masters
Alla Rakha (1919–2000)
Teacher: Mian Qadir Bakhsh II
Leading American percussionists in
Mian Shaukat Hussain (1930 – 1996)
Teachers: Pandit Hiralal & Mian Qadir Bukhsh
Characterized by the most distinct sur/tone recorded so far,
Shaukat Hussain gained fame in the realm of solo through his self composed qaidas, which are now played with proud by his students. He was a master of the subject of "tete-dhete" and his qaidas on the subject are the best of their kind across all the gharanas of tabla. His challan (style) of three-finger tere-kete also gained him critical fame among the musically educated audience.
Apart from his prowess over the solo repertoire, the maestro's forte was his impeccable accompaniment. Shaukat Hussain Khan was the accompanist of choice for Pakistan's great vocalists and instrumentalists like Amanat ali Fateh Ali Khan, Salamat Ali Nazakat Ali Khan, Roshan Ara Begum and he always offered impeccable support. He developed a unique style of accompanying called "barjasta (spontaneous) angg, which can particularly be heard in his performances with Salamat Ali Khan.
As a soloist, one hears the Delhi roots of his sound mixed with a truly Punjabi sense of rhythmic complexity. One can hear this complexity in the varied internal phrase lengths of pieces and in the taal structures. He was famous for his highly level of melodic variation and modulation of his bayan (the left hand bass drum) and kept his bayan in rather lower pitch register, which allowed him to work more extensively with his wrist, thus embellishing his tabla.
Now after the death of Mian Shaukat Hussain Khan, his son, Ustad Raza Shaukat became a Khalifa continuing the tradition of the Punjab gharana in Pakistan.[6]
Altaf Hussain or Ustad Tafu (1945–2021)
Teachers: Mian Qadir Bukhsh & Haji Fida Hussain
The renowned
Abdul Sattar or Tari Khan (born 1953)
Teacher: Mian Shaukat Hussain Khan
Hailing from a traditional Rababi family (musicians employed in the Sikh temples of Punjab), Tari Khan learned under Shaukat Hussain Khan in Lahore and became famous as the accompanist of the ghazal singer Ghulam Ali (his "Chupke Chupke" ghazal was a major hit back in the early 1980s). Tari always provided an exquisite accompaniment: clean, crisp "thekas" with astonishingly quick and interesting "laggis" to punctuate the verses. Because of that international exposure, musicians in India got to hear of him at a time when little cultural news escaped from Pakistan, and most were impressed with this show of virtuosity. Since then, Tari has gone on to international fame as a tabla showman. His "International Kherwa" was a popular item (a musical journey round the world that incorporated other musical styles into the basic four-beat pattern).[8]
Zakir Hussain (born 1951)
Teacher/Father: Ustad Alla Rakha
Zakir Hussain is the most famous and influential tabla player of the modern age. Ustad Zakir Hussain is more than a brilliant tabla player, he is a musical phenomenon who has changed the way we think about the tabla and the musicians who play it. It is difficult to think of anyone else in the world who has made the instrument tabla such a lovable one ... The son of Allarakha Khan, he endeared himself to the world as a most sensitive and responsive accompanist, a dazzling soloist, and an adventurous fusion player (most notably with Shakti in the 1970s). Hussain was a child prodigy, and was touring by the age of twelve. He went to the United States in 1970, embarking on an international career which includes more than 160 concert dates a year. He has composed and recorded many albums and soundtracks, and has received widespread recognition as a composer for his many ensembles and collaborations.[9]
Yogesh Samshi (born 1968)
Pandit Yogesh Samsi born in Mumbai to renowned vocalist Pandit Dinkar Kaikini.[3] His father the eminent vocalist Dinkar Kaikini initiated Yogesh at the age of six.[4] At the age of four he started learning the tabla from Pandit H. Taranth Rao. Later, he sought the guidance of Ustad Allarakha Khan, one of the greatest percussionists. He spent 23 years under the tutelage of Allarakha.
Yogesh Samsi has accompanied the top grade instrumentalists and vocalists and dancers of India, including Ustad Vilayat Khan, Pt. Ajoy Chakroborty, Pt Dinkar Kaikini, Pandit Bhimsen Joshi, Pt Shivkumar Sharma, Pt Hariprasad Chaurasia, Ken Zuckerman and Pt Birju Maharaj. He strives to keep up his revered Guru's word of preserving the tradition in the presentation of tabla solo. He also appeared in the first episode of Idea Jalsa with Shivkumar Sharma & Takahiro Arai.
References
- ^ a b "Instrumental Gharanas: Tabla Gharana -Details". ITC Sangeet Research Academy website. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
- ^ Pradhan, Aneesh (10 December 2016). "Listen: Alla Rakha, Zakir Hussein and others display the versatility of the Punjab gharana". Scroll.in. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ Lesser known facts about Ustad Allah Rakha (biography of Ustad Alla Rakha on Times of India (newspaper) Published 30 April 2014, Retrieved 17 Feb 2020
- ^ Jon Pareles (6 February 2000). "Ustad Alla Rakha, 80, Master Of Hindustani Classical Music". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
- ^ Reginald Massey (4 February 2000). "Alla Rakha (with Ravi Shankar, he took Indian music to the world)". The Guardian (newspaper). Retrieved 19 October 2020.
- ^ Ally Adnan (23 January 2015). "The Ustad of Ustaads - Profile of Mian Shaukat Hussain". The Friday Times newspaper. Archived from the original on 25 January 2024. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
- ^ Ustad Tafu profile on Coke Studio (Pakistan) website Retrieved 17 October 2020
- ^ Profile of Tari Khan on Coke Studio Pakistan) website Retrieved 17 October 2020
- ^ Profile of Zakir Hussain on All Music website Retrieved 17 October 2020