Robert Fisk
Robert Fisk | |
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Born | Maidstone, Kent, England | 12 July 1946
Died | 30 October 2020 Dublin, Ireland | (aged 74)
Citizenship |
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Alma mater |
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Occupation | Middle East correspondent for The Independent |
Notable credits |
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Spouses | |
Website | independent.co.uk/author/robert-fisk |
Robert William Fisk (12 July 1946 – 30 October 2020) was an English writer and journalist.
As an international
He began his journalistic career at the
Books by Fisk include The Point of No Return (1975), In Time of War (1985), Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War (1990), The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East (2005),[1] and Syria: Descent Into the Abyss (2015).[9]
The term fisking (meaning a line-by-line rebuttal) was coined to describe his method.
Early life and education
Fisk was an only child, born in Maidstone, Kent,[10] to William and Peggy Fisk. His father was Borough Treasurer at Maidstone Corporation and had fought in the First World War.[11] His mother was an amateur painter who in later years became a Maidstone magistrate.[4] At the end of the war Bill Fisk was punished for disobeying an order to execute another soldier; his son said, "My father's refusal to kill another man was the only thing he did in his life which I would also have done." Though his father said little about his part in the war, it held a fascination for his son. After his father's death, he discovered that he had been the scribe of his battalion's war diaries from August 1918.[12]
Fisk was educated at
Career
Newspaper correspondent
Fisk worked on the
War reporting
Fisk lived in Beirut from 1976,[25] remaining throughout the Lebanese Civil War. He was one of the first Western journalists to report on the Sabra and Shatila massacre in Lebanon,[26] as well as the Hama Massacre in Syria.[27] His book on the Lebanese conflict, Pity the Nation, was published in 1990.[28]
Fisk also reported on the
After the United States and allies launched their
During the
Osama bin Laden
Fisk interviewed Osama bin Laden on three occasions.[34] The interviews appeared in articles published by The Independent on 6 December 1993, 10 July 1996, and 22 March 1997. In Fisk's first interview, "Anti-Soviet warrior puts his army on the road to peace", he wrote of Osama bin Laden, then overseeing the construction of a highway in Sudan: "With his high cheekbones, narrow eyes and long brown robe, Mr Bin Laden looks every inch the mountain warrior of mujahedin legend. Chadored children danced in front of him, preachers acknowledged his wisdom" while observing that he was accused of "training for further jihad wars".[38]
During one of Fisk's interviews with bin Laden, Fisk noted an attempt by bin Laden to convert him. Bin Laden said: "Mr Robert, one of our brothers had a dream ... that you were a spiritual person ... this means you are a true Muslim". Fisk replied: "Sheikh Osama, I am not a Muslim. ... I am a journalist [whose] task is to tell the truth." Bin Laden replied: "If you tell the truth, that means you are a good Muslim."[39][40] During the 1996 interview, bin Laden said the Saudi royal family was corrupt. During the final interview in 1997, bin Laden said he sought God's help "to turn America into a shadow of itself".[41]
Fisk strongly condemned the
In 2007, Fisk expressed personal doubts about the official historical record of the attacks. In an article for The Independent, he wrote that, while the Bush administration was incapable of successfully carrying out such attacks due to its organisational incompetence, he was "increasingly troubled at the inconsistencies in the official narrative of 9/11" and added that he did not condone the "crazed 'research' of David Icke", but was "talking about scientific issues".[43] Fisk had earlier addressed similar concerns in a speech at Sydney University in 2006.[44] During the speech, Fisk said: "Partly I think because of the culture of secrecy of the White House, never have we had a White House so secret as this one. Partly because of this culture, I think suspicions are growing in the United States, not just among Berkeley guys with flowers in their hair. ... But there are a lot of things we don't know, a lot of things we're not going to be told. ... Perhaps the [fourth] plane was hit by a missile, we still don't know".[45]
Bill Durodié noted that at one point Osama bin Laden had advised the White House to "read Robert Fisk, rather than, as one might have supposed, the Koran."[46]
Syrian Civil War
Reporting from Douma, in April 2018 on the Douma chemical attack, Fisk quoted a Syrian doctor who attributed the victims' breathing problems not to gas but to dust and lack of oxygen after heavy shelling by government forces. Other people he spoke to doubted a gas attack, and Fisk queried the incident.[47] Fisk's reporting drew criticism for having relied on government supplied contacts, with Asser Khattab writing in Raseef22 that the doctor quoted by Fisk "had been introduced to him by officials in the Syrian government and army".[48] Richard Spencer and Catherine Philp in The Times wrote that journalists had been taken to Douma on a government-organised trip while international investigators were forced to remain in Damascus, and that the doctor interviewed by Fisk admitted to not having been to the hospital where the victims were taken.[49] The Snopes website said other reporters on the same trip as Fisk had interviewed locals who said they had inhaled toxic gas.[50]
Fisk returned to the subject of the Douma attacks in early January 2020, in an article concerning internal disagreements within the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) recorded in documents released by WikiLeaks.[51]
Media appearances
He was interviewed by Kirsty Young for Desert Island Discs in 2006. His final selections were Adagio for Strings by Samuel Barber, Le Morte d'Arthur by Thomas Malory, and a violin.[52]
Fisk featured in the 2016 documentary film
Fisk was profiled in Yung Chang's 2019 documentary film This Is Not a Movie.[54] In reviewing the film, Slant Magazine stated: "The two things that give this documentary its power and provocativeness are intellectual rather than dramatic: Fisk’s work, and his ideas."[55] Cath Clarke, writing for The Guardian, said the film asks its audience about war: "Is there something deep in our souls that permits it because it feels natural? His painful, deeply serious question about the inevitability of war sets the tone of this documentary about his career."[56]
Views
Stances and reception
Fisk was known for his criticism of the foreign policy of the United States, particularly the country's involvement in the wars in Afghanistan and the Middle East.[2] He was consistently critical of Israel, labelling some of the country's actions against Palestinians as "war crimes".[57] One of his beliefs was that he should report events from the point of view of the victim rather than those in authority.[58][59] The Times newspaper, in its November 2020 obituary of Fisk, said that he had developed a "visceral dislike of the Israeli government and its allies" following his coverage of the Sabra and Shatila massacre, alleging that this had made Fisk biased and "unable to provide a dispassionate account of events and their context".[58] David Pryce-Jones, writing in The Spectator in 2003, said that Fisk was guilty of "hysteria and distortion" in his coverage of Middle Eastern topics. In contrast, The Independent, for whom he wrote from 1989, praised him as being "renowned for his courage in questioning official narratives from governments".[60]
The BBC's Jeremy Bowen also praised him following his death, and noted the controversy Fisk drew for his "sharp criticism of the US and Israel, and of Western foreign policy". Bowen described himself as an admirer who would miss Fisk's "guts and his appetite for the fight".[57] Fisk dismissed the controversy related to his reporting in Syria, saying that he was "writing only what he saw and heard".[61] His ex-wife, Lara Marlowe, took exception to the use of the adjective "controversial" in his obituaries, saying "he was a prolific non-conformist in the world of journalism, whose judgments avoided jumping on the bandwagon" and, in her experience, had been "intuitive, rapid [...] and invariably right".[62]
Similarly, the foreign correspondent for The Independent Patrick Cockburn, responding to criticisms raised in obituaries, said "Derring-do in times of war usually gets good notices from the press and from public opinion, but moral endurance is a much rarer commodity, when the plaudits are replaced by abuse, often from people who see a world divided between devils and angels and denounce anybody reporting less than angelic behaviour on the part of the latter for being secret sympathisers with the devil." Cockburn wrote that Fisk was better than anyone at "find[ing] out significant news as fast as possible, disregard[ing] all efforts by governments, armies and media to suppress it, and pass[ing] that information on to the public so they can better judge what is happening in the world around them".[63]
On journalism and politics
Fisk described himself as a
On coverage of foreign reporting, he observed in an interview with Harry Kreisler at the Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley in 2006: "the French are very good at getting to the scene and reporting the reality. I know France doesn't have a very clean reputation in American politics at the moment but my goodness, they've got good journalists. You read a translation of Liberacion [sic], Figero [sic], Le Monde – they've got it. I work a lot with French – I normally work on my own, but if I work with other reporters, I tend to report with Italians or the French because, my goodness, they get to the war front."[68]
When he spoke on "Lies, Misreporting, and Catastrophe in the Middle East" at the First Congregational Church of Berkeley on 22 September 2010, he stated: "I think it is the duty of a foreign correspondent to be neutral and unbiased on the side of those who suffer, whoever they may be."[69] He wrote at length on how many contemporary conflicts had their origins, in his view, in lines drawn on maps: "After the Allied victory of 1918, at the end of my father's war, the victors divided up the lands of their former enemies. In the space of just seventeen months, they created the borders of Northern Ireland, Yugoslavia and most of the Middle East. And I have spent my entire career—in Belfast and Sarajevo, in Beirut and Baghdad—watching the people within those borders burn."[70]
Armenian genocide
Fisk wrote extensively about the Armenian genocide of 1915 and supported moves to persuade the Turkish Government to acknowledge it.[71]
Remembrance Day
For Remembrance Day in 2011, Fisk wrote that his father "old Bill Fisk became very ruminative about the Great War. He learned that Haig had lied, that he himself had fought for a world that betrayed him, that 20,000 British dead on the first day of the Somme – which he mercifully avoided because his first regiment, the Cheshires, sent him to Dublin and Cork to deal with another 1916 "problem" – was a trashing of human life. In hospital and recovering from cancer, I asked him once why the Great War was fought. 'All I can tell you, fellah,' he said, 'was that it was a great waste.' And he swept his hand from left to right. Then he stopped wearing his poppy. I asked him why, and he said that he didn't want to see 'so many damn fools' wearing it."[72] He returned to the subject in 2014, the standfirst summarised his experience "My family was haunted by my father's experience on the Somme and the loss of his friends. Why do we pay homage to the dead but ignore the lessons of their war?"[73] and in 2016 where he said "His example was one of great courage. He fought for his country and then, unafraid, he threw his poppy away. Television celebrities do not have to fight for their country – yet they do not even have the guts to break this fake conformity and toss their sordid poppies in the office waste paper bin."[74]
Personal life
Fisk married American-born journalist Lara Marlowe in 1994. The couple did not have any children and divorced in 2006.[11] At the time of his death, he was married to Nelofer Pazira, an Afghan-Canadian journalist, author and human rights activist.[75]
On settling down, he wrote in 2005: "I told the journalism students there [at City, University of London] that when I saw families walking happily in London or Paris, I wondered whether I had not missed out on life, that perhaps comparative safety and security with nothing more than the mortgage to worry about was preferable to the existence I had chosen for myself. A friend of my father's once said I had enjoyed the privilege of seeing things that no other man had seen. But after a flood of questions from students in Sydney about suffering in the Middle East, I began to wonder if my privilege had not also been my curse."[76]
Death
On 30 October 2020, Fisk died aged 74 at St. Vincent's University Hospital in Dublin, Ireland, after a suspected stroke.[2][77] Due to the Irish Government COVID-19 restrictions, his funeral was held privately.[78][79]
The president of Ireland, Michael D. Higgins said "with his passing the world of journalism and informed commentary on the Middle East has lost one of its finest commentators" and the Taoiseach Micheál Martin stated that "he was fearless and independent in his reporting, with a deeply researched understanding of the complexities of the Middle East, eastern history and politics".[80]
The Australian anti-war journalist John Pilger declared upon hearing of his death that "Robert Fisk has died. I pay warmest tribute to one of the last great reporters. The weasel word 'controversial' appears in even his own paper, The Independent, whose pages he honoured. He went against the grain and told the truth, spectacularly. Journalism has lost the bravest."[81] Former Leader of the UK Labour Party Jeremy Corbyn eulogised him on Twitter, finding it "[s]o sad to hear of the death of Robert Fisk. A huge loss of a brilliant man with unparalleled knowledge of history, politics and people of Middle East."[82] The Greek politician and economic theorist Yanis Varoufakis also posted a eulogy on Twitter, declaring that "[w]ith Robert Fisk's passing we have lost a journalistic eye without which we shall be partially blind, a pen without which our capacity to express the truth is diminished, a soul without which our own empathy for victims of imperialism will be lacking."[83]
Memoir
Love in a Time of War, a memoir by Fisk's first wife, Lara Marlowe, was published in 2021. It covers the period from 1988 to 2003, the period Fisk and Marlowe worked together.[88]
Awards, honours and degrees
Fisk received the
- 1984 Lancaster University honorary degree[94]
- 1991
- 1994 Foreign Reporter of the Year at the British Press Awards for coverage on Algeria, the Hebron massacre, and Bosnia [96]
- 1995 Foreign Reporter of the Year at the British Press Awards[96]
- 1999 Orwell Prize for journalism[97]
- 2001 David Watt Prize for an investigation of the 1915 Armenian genocide by the Ottoman Empire[98]
- 2002 Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism[99]
- 2003 Open University honorary doctorate[100]
- 2004 University of St Andrews honorary degree[101]
- 2004 Carleton University honorary degree[102]
- 2005 University of Adelaide Edward Said Memorial lecture[103]
- 2006 Ghent University honorary degree Political and Social Sciences[104]
- 2006 American University of Beirut honorary degree[105]
- 2006 Queen's University Belfast honorary degree[106]
- 2006 Lannan Cultural Freedom Prize worth $350,000[107]
- 2008 University of Kent honorary degree[108]
- 2008 Trinity College Dublin honorary doctorate[109]
- 2009 College Historical Society's Gold Medal for Outstanding Contribution to Public Discourse[110]
- 2009 Liverpool Hope University honorary degree[111][112]
- 2011 International Prize at the Amalfi Coast Media Awards, Italy[113]
Works
Books
His 2005 work,
Other books
- The Point of No Return: The Strike Which Broke the British in Ulster (1975). London: Times Books/Deutsch. ISBN 0-233-96682-X
- In Time of War: Ireland, Ulster and the Price of Neutrality, 1939–1945 (2001). London: Gill & Macmillan. ISBN 0-7171-2411-8(1st ed. 1983).
- ISBN 0-19-280130-9(1st ed. was 1990).
- ISBN 1-84115-007-X
- The Age of the Warrior: Selected Writings (2008) London, Fourth Estate ISBN 978-0-00-727073-6
- Robert Fisk on Algeria: Why Algeria's Tragedy Matters (2013) Independent Print Limited ISBN 9781633533677
Video documentary
Fisk produced a three-part series titled From Beirut To Bosnia in 1993 which Fisk said was an attempt "to find out why an increasing number of Muslims had come to hate the West".[116] Fisk said that the Discovery Channel did not show a repeat of the films, after initially showing them in full, due to a letter campaign launched by pro-Israel groups such as CAMERA.[116][117]
References
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- ^ a b c d e Pope, Conor (1 November 2020). "Veteran journalist and author Robert Fisk dies aged 74". The Irish Times. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
- ^ Wheatcroft, Geoffrey (11 December 2005). "One Man's Arabia". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
- ^ ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ Davison, Phil (2 November 2020). "Robert Fisk, daring but controversial British war correspondent and author, dies at 74". The Washington Post. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
- ISBN 1-84115-007-X.
- ^ "Honoured War Reporter Sides With Victims of Conflict". New Zealand Press Association. 4 November 2005.
- ^ "Robert Fisk". The Independent. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
- ISBN 978-1633533707.
- ^ "Robert Fisk | Biography & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
- ^ a b Cooke, Rachel (13 April 2008). "Man of war". The Observer. London.
- ISBN 978-1-84115-008-6.
- ^ Fisk, Robert (3 July 2010). "Deadly skies: The bloody truth about the Battle of Britain 70 years on". The Independent. London. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
- ^ "Robert Fisk lecture". LU News. Lancaster University. November 2006. Archived from the original on 10 December 2008. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
- ^ (UCTV), University of California Television (February 2007). "Conversations with History: Robert Fisk". YouTube. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
- ^ Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the originalon 28 September 2008. Retrieved 26 July 2008.
- ^ F. I. Magee, "In Time Of War" Political Studies (1984) 32#4 p. 670.
- ^ Fisk, Robert (26 July 2008). "My days in Fleet Street's Lubyanka". The Independent. London. Retrieved 26 July 2008.
- ^ Murphy, Greg; Clarke, Vivienne. "Veteran journalist and author Robert Fisk dies aged 74". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
- ^ Head, Linda S. (April–May 2007). "The World's Best-Known War Correspondent". Al Shindagah. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
- ^ "Robert Fisk". Penguin Random House. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
- ^ "This Is Not a Movie". German Documentaries. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
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- ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
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- OCLC 21679122. Retrieved 1 November 2020 – via World Cat.
- ^ Fisk, Robert The Great War for Civilisation, 2005, p. 224.
- ^ Whitaker, Raymond (9 December 2001). "Robert Fisk beaten by mob". The Independent. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
- ^ Fisk, Robert (10 December 2001). "My beating by refugees is a symbol of the hatred and fury of this filthy war". robert-fisk.com. Archived from the original on 18 June 2006. Retrieved 19 July 2006.
- ^ a b Falk, Richard; Falcone, Daniel (9 November 2020). "The Life of Robert Fisk". Retrieved 19 November 2020.
- ^ Fisk, Robert (17 January 2005). "Hotel journalism gives American troops a free hand as the press shelters indoors". robert-fisk.com. Archived from the original on 27 March 2006. Retrieved 19 July 2006.
- ^ a b Morris, Harvey (3 November 2020). "Robert Fisk obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
- ^ Harris, Eoghan (23 November 2003). "Air-kissing the terrorists – call it Luvvies Actually". Sunday Independent (Dublin).
- ^ Hoggart, Simon (17 November 2001). "A war cry from the pulpit". The Guardian.
- ^ "Robert Fisk shares his Middle East knowledge". Lateline. ABC (Australia). 2 March 2006.
- ^ Fisk, Robert (6 December 1993). "Anti-Soviet warrior puts his army on the road to peace: The Saudi". The Independent. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
- ^ Naparstek, Ben (30 August 2008). "Watching the warriors". New Zealand Listener. 215 (3564).
- ISBN 978-1-4000-7517-1.
- ^ Fisk, Robert (4 March 2007). "Bin Laden at 50". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 26 April 2009.
- ^ Fisk, Robert (11 September 2002). "One year on: A view from the Middle East", The Independent (London).
- ^ Fisk, Robert (25 August 2007). "Even I question the 'truth' about 9/11". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 27 August 2007. Retrieved 25 August 2007.
- ^ Bolt, Andrew (29 March 2006). "Are they all mad?" Herald Sun (Melbourne).
- ^ Fisk, Robert (26 March 2006). "Robert Fisk at Sydney Ideas 2006". ABC News Australia.
- Durodie, Bill (2008). Home-grown nihilism – the clash within civilisations (PDF). London: The Smith Institute. p. 125. Archived from the original(PDF) on 15 February 2010.
- ^ Fisk, Robert (1 January 2020). "The search for truth in the rubble of Douma – and one doctor's doubts over the chemical attack". The Independent. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
- ^ Khattab, Asser (30 October 2021). "Robert Fisk, the Man Who Died Twice". Raseef22. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
- from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2019. (subscription required)
- ^ Palma, Bethania (20 April 2018). "Critics Slam Viral Stories Claiming Douma Chemical Attack Victims Died from 'Dust'". Snopes. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
- ^ Fisk, Robert (1 January 2020). "The Syrian conflict is awash with propaganda – chemical warfare bodies should not be caught up in it". The Independent. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
- ^ Desert Island Discs: Robert Fisk. BBC Sounds. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
- ^ Stuff, Movie Review: Notes to Eternity, May 10, 2016 [1] Retrieved 3 January 2021
- ^ Simon Houpt, "Journalism documentary This Is Not a Movie plays like Robert Fisk's greatest hits and misses: Yung Chang's new National Film Board doc looks at the career of the veteran British foreign correspondent". The Globe and Mail, 18 May 2020.
- ^ Jenkins, Mark. "Review: This Is Not a Movie Is a Smart, Clear-Eyed Tribute to Robert Fisk". Retrieved 15 November 2020.
- ^ Clarke, Cath (11 June 2020). "This Is Not a Movie review – the drama and tragedy of the Middle East". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
- ^ a b "Robert Fisk, veteran UK journalist, dies aged 74". BBC News. 3 November 2020.
- ^ a b "Robert Fisk obituary". The Times. 2 November 2020.
- ^ Pat and Samir Twair, Robert Fisk on Reporting "From the Viewpoint Of the Victim", Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, December 2008. "A story should be told from the viewpoint of the victim whose blood is being spilled. During the time of the slave trade, I’d have interviewed the slaves, not the captain of the slave ship."
- ^ McKittrick, David (4 November 2020). "Robert Fisk: The outstanding and truth-telling journalist who ventured into danger". The Independent.
- ^ Skopeliti, Clea (1 November 2020). "Robert Fisk, veteran British foreign correspondent, dies aged 74". The Guardian.
- ^ Marlowe, Lara. "Lara Marlowe: Robert Fisk, my former husband, was the finest journalist of his generation". The Irish Times. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
- ^ Cockburn, Patrick (13 November 2020). "Robert Fisk had true independence of mind – which is why he angered governments". The Independent. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
- ^ "The lost art of reportage". The Independent. 10 November 2009. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
- ^ a b Miles, Oliver (19 November 2005). "The big picture". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 July 2006.
- ^ Fisk, Robert (3 August 2001). "Top hack blasts local rags". The Independent. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
- ^ "Viewpoint: UK war reporter Robert Fisk". 3 December 2005. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
- ^ "Conversation with Robert Fisk, p. 4 of 6". globetrotter.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
- ^ Fisk, Robert (12 October 2010). "Robert Fisk: Terror of Power and Power of Terror". Making Contact. National Radio Project. Retrieved 28 June 2011.
- ^ Robert Fisk, The Great War for Civilisation, 2005
- ^ Fisk, Robert (20 April 2015). "Armenian genocide: To continue to deny the truth of this mass human cruelty is close to a criminal lie". The Independent. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
- ^ Fisk, Robert (5 November 2011). "Robert Fisk: Do those who flaunt the poppy on their lapels know that they mock the war dead?". The Independent. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
- ^ Fisk, Robert (5 August 2014). "WWI Centenary: My father threw away his poppy in disgust". The Independent. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
- ^ Fisk, Robert (3 November 2016). "The poppy has become a symbol of racism – I have never worn one, and now I never will". The Independent. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
- ^ Barber, Tony (6 November 2020). "Robert Fisk, foreign correspondent and author, 1946-2020". Financial Times. London. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ Fisk, Robert (16 October 2005). "On tour with my ghosts". The Independent. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
- ^ Prideaux, Sophie (2 November 2020). "Veteran Middle East correspondent Robert Fisk dies aged 74". The National. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
- ^ "Death Notice of Robert FISK". rip.ie. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
- ^ Pope, Conor; Bowers, Shauna; Clarke, Vivienne. "Funeral of 'fearless' journalist and author Robert Fisk takes place". The Irish Times. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
- ^ "'Fearless and unflinching' - reporter Robert Fisk has died, aged 74". The Independent. November 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
- ^ "John Pilger's tribute to Robert Fisk". Twitter. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
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- ^ "Yanis Varoufakis pays tribute to Robert Fisk". Twitter. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
- ^ "Robert Fisk, veteran Middle East correspondent of The Independent, dies aged 74". The Independent. 1 November 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
- ^ "Robert Fisk Was a Reporter Who Brought the Wars Home and Shaped the Thinking of a Generation". jacobinmag.com. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
- ^ "Robert Fisk obituary: Veteran war reporter who described himself as a pacifist". The Irish Times. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
- ^ "The veteran British foreign correspondent Robert Fisk has died at the age of 74 after becoming unwell on Friday". The Chartered Institute of Journalists. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
- ^ Marlowe, Lara (23 October 2021). "Life with Robert Fisk: I realised I would not be at peace until I wrote this book". The Irish Times. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
- ISBN 978-1-902448-76-3.
- ^ "Times reporter wins award". The Times. London. 15 December 1987.
- ^ "Fisk wins Amnesty award". The Independent on Sunday. 7 June 1992. p. 18. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
- ^ "Amnesty International UK (AIUK) Media Awards 1998 – Winners – Short-list – Judges". Archived from the original on 13 May 2001. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
- ^ "Amnesty international media awards – Media Awards Winners 2000". Archived from the original on 13 May 2001. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
- ^ Lancaster University. "Honorary Degrees". Lancaster University. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ^ "In the wars". The Irish Times (Dublin). 19 November 1991.
- ^ a b "Press Awards". 28 November 2016. Archived from the original on 28 November 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
- ^ List of 1999 winners Archived 20 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine. The Orwell Prize for Journalism.
- ^ "Fisk wins award for political journalism". The Independent. London. 20 July 2001. Archived from the original on 11 December 2008.
- ^ "Previous Winners". Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism.
- ^ "Doctor of the University 1973–2011" (PDF). The Open University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
- ^ University of St Andrews (21 June 2004). "Honorary degrees June 2004". The University of St Andrews. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ^ Carleton University (31 May 2013). "Honorary Degrees Awarded Since 1954". Carleton University. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ^ "About the Edward Said Memorial Lecture". University of Adelaide. Archived from the original on 13 October 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
- ^ Ghent University (2006). "Honorary Doctorates (Dutch)". Ghent University. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
- ^ American University of Beirut (2006). "Honorary Doctorates". American University of Beirut. Archived from the original on 1 August 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
- ^ Communications & External Affairs Office (2006). "Destinguished journalist receives Queen's honorary degree". Queen's University Belfast. Archived from the original on 4 June 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
- ^ "2006 Lannan Cultural Freedom Prize awarded to Robert Fisk". Lannan Foundation. Archived from the original on 22 May 2007.
- ^ "University Honorary Degrees July 2008". The University of Kent. 7 July 2008. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
- ^ "Five recipients to receive honorary degrees at Trinity College Dublin". 12 July 2008. Archived from the original on 11 December 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
- ^ Ihle, Jon (8 January 2009). "Trinity College awards harsh Israel critic". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
- ^ Schofield, Ben (16 July 2009). "Liverpool Bishops honoured by Liverpool Hope University". Liverpool Daily Post.co.uk. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ^ Fisk, Robert (18 July 2009). "Some lessions in sacrifice from Liverpool in two world wars". The Independent. London. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ^ "Robert Fisk wins International Prize". The Independent (London). 18 June 2011.
- ^ Ascherson, Neal (16 October 2005). "The Great War for Civilisation by Robert Fisk". The Independent on Sunday. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
- ^ Beeston, Richard (22 October 2005). "Great reporter, lousy prophet". The Spectator. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-56025-581-9.
- ISBN 978-0-8039-9085-2.
Further reading
- Fisk, Robert (30 March 2007). "Shakespeare and War". The Independent. Archived from the original on 6 April 2007.
- Fisk, Robert (25 May 2010). "Journalism and 'the words of power'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 10 August 2017. (address to the fifth Al Jazeera annual forum on 23 May 2010)
External links
- Column archive at The Independent
- Robert Fisk on Journalisted
- Z Network articles
- Portraits of Robert Fisk at the National Portrait Gallery, London