Robert Novak

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Robert Novak
Novak in 2002
Born
Robert David Sanders Novak

(1931-02-26)February 26, 1931
Joliet, Illinois, U.S.
DiedAugust 18, 2009(2009-08-18) (aged 78)
Washington, D.C., U.S.
Alma materUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Occupations
  • Journalist
  • columnist
  • commentator
  • pundit
  • author
Spouses
  • Rosanna Hall (div.)
  • Geraldine (Williams) Novak
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1962)​
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Robert David Sanders Novak

syndicated columnist, journalist, television personality, author, and conservative political commentator. After working for two newspapers before serving in the U.S. Army during the Korean War, he became a reporter for the Associated Press and then for The Wall Street Journal. He teamed up with Rowland Evans in 1963 to start Inside Report,[1][2]
which became the longest running syndicated political column in U.S. history and ran in hundreds of papers. They also started the Evans-Novak Political Report, a notable biweekly newsletter, in 1967.

Novak and Evans played a significant role for

Crossfire, and Evans, Novak, Hunt, & Shields. He also wrote for numerous other publications such as Reader's Digest
. He died of a brain tumor on August 18, 2009.

His colleagues nicknamed Novak the "Prince of Darkness",

American conservatism
in his writing and television appearances.

Early life

Novak was born on February 26, 1931,[citation needed] in Joliet, Illinois, the son of Jane Sanders and Maurice Novak, a chemical engineer. His paternal grandparents immigrated from Ukraine, and his mother's family was from Lithuania.[4] Novak's parents were secular Jews who had little interaction with their local Jewish community and rarely attended religious services. Novak suffered from chronic bronchitis through his early childhood, which led his mother to drive him to and from school instead of letting him walk. Because of the constant family attention, his cousins mockingly called him "Baby Jesus". Novak also loved to tease, offend, and shock his family from an early age, and he later compared himself to French rebel Bertran de Born.[5]

Novak's journalism career began when he was in high school as a student-writer for the Joliet Herald-News, his hometown newspaper, and he received ten cents per inch.

University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign (UI) from 1948 to 1952.[6] His father had attended the college, and he later remarked that "I was an Illini from birth".[7] He became a brother of the Alpha Epsilon Pi fraternity, at the time a mostly Jewish college fraternity, while attending the University of Illinois. Novak would later use the group's 'secret handshake' whenever he met fellow alumnus Wolf Blitzer.[8]

He continued gaining journalism experience as a sports writer for the

working class immigrant status into the American middle class.[7]

During the Korean War, Novak served in the U.S. Army, and he reached the rank of lieutenant. He later stated that he had fully expected to die in the service.[5]

Career

Novak greeting President Gerald Ford in 1975
Novak greeting President Ronald Reagan in 1981
Novak with Mike Garrett and Christopher Cox in 2003
Crossfire
 in 2005
Novak discusses his memoir, Prince of Darkness, at Illini Union Bookstore in Champaign, Illinois on September 13, 2007.

After serving from 1952 to 1954, Novak rejoined his fledgling journalism career, joining the

Congress. He left the AP to join the D.C. bureau of The Wall Street Journal in 1958, covering the Senate. He rose to the rank of chief congressional correspondent in 1961.[6] He generally did his work without using a tape recordings or paper notes, relying just on his detailed memory. Novak's colleagues at The Wall Street Journal later said that he absorbed himself in his work so completely that he often forgot to shave, left his shoes untied, and even started accidentally placing burning cigarettes into his pockets.[5]

In 1963 Novak teamed up with

Palestinian sympathies.[5]

The column's factual accuracy has been called into question.

The Washingtonian.[5] It was the longest running syndicated political column in U.S. history.[1][11]

In 1967 Evans and Novak set up a biweekly political newsletter called the Evans–Novak Political Report (ENPR). They took a more broad approach in this series compared to their column, focusing on forecast elections and predicting socio-political trends rather than on breaking stories.

National Review Online, started off as contributors to the ENPR.[12]

Novak became a regular panel member of the syndicated show The McLaughlin Group in 1982, starring alongside McLaughlin as well as Novak's friend Jack Germond. Novak sparred frequently with McLaughlin despite the fact that they both held similar political views.

Novak appeared on

Crossfire from Pat Buchanan.[citation needed
]

On August 4, 2005, Novak walked off the set during a live broadcast of the show

2006 bid for U.S. Senate, Novak uttered "I think that's bullshit!"[14] after Carville remarked that Novak had "to show these right-wingers that he's got a backbone." As anchor Ed Henry was asking Carville a question, Novak threw off his microphone and stormed off the set.[15] Critics later charged that Novak had done so to avoid discussing recent developments in the Valerie Plame affair on-air. In response to the incident, CNN suspended Novak for one day and apologized to its viewers, calling the outburst "inexcusable and unacceptable."[16]

Novak retired from CNN after 25 years on December 23, 2005, stating that his relationship with the network lasted "longer than most marriages." Novak also said he had "no complaints" about CNN. Fox News had confirmed one week earlier that Novak had signed a contract to do unspecified work for the network. Novak stated that he still would have left CNN even if he had not been suspended in the August incident and did not go to Fox News because the network was more friendly to his point of view. Novak said:

In 25 years I was never censored by CNN and I said some fairly outrageous things and some very conservative things. I don't want to give the impression that they were muzzling me and I had to go to a place that wouldn't muzzle me.[17]

His memoirs, entitled Prince of Darkness: Fifty Years Reporting in Washington, were published in July 2007 by Crown Forum, a division of

Robert Schwarz Strauss, "Why does everyone take such an instant dislike to me?" Strauss responded, "Saves time."[19]

At his height, Novak was one of the five most read columnists in the U.S.[1] Throughout his career, Novak wrote for numerous other publications, serving notably as a contributing editor for Reader's Digest.[6] He appeared on NBC's program Meet the Press over 200 times.[20] He served as a longtime CNN television personality, and he appeared intermittently on Fox News after his August 2005 departure from CNN.[1] Novak also played a role among many other reporters in Timothy Crouse's seminal nonfiction book The Boys on the Bus that described reporters covering the lead-up to the 1972 Presidential election. In August 2004, The Washington Post stated that Novak might "wince unto this day" at his portrayal in the book.[21]

Recognition

Novak received an Alumni Achievement Award from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1997. Novak frequently visited his

National Press Club's 'Fourth Estate Award' for lifetime achievement in journalism as well.[6] Novak appears in the 2008 award-winning documentary on political strategist Lee Atwater, Boogie Man: The Lee Atwater Story
. In the film, Novak says "He tried to get me to write about Governor Dukakis having psychiatric problems but it really was a slander. He thought my weakness was that if I could get an exclusive story, I would jump at it, bite at it and not be as careful as I should be. That may be true, but I was careful enough not to get involved in that one."

Robert Novak was inducted as a Laureate of The Lincoln Academy of Illinois and awarded the Order of Lincoln (the State's highest honor) by the governor of Illinois in 1999 in the area of communications.[22]

Notable events

Nixon administration

Novak pursued a continuous attack upon Richard Nixon's key aide H. R. Haldeman. He later wrote in his autobiography, "Bob Haldeman was treated more harshly because he refused any connection with me. He made himself more of a target than he had to be by refusing to be a source."[23] Novak's partner Rowland Evans ended up on Richard Nixon's "master list" of enemies, although Novak himself was not mentioned.[24] When they had started the column, Novak paid a 'courtesy call' to Nixon, who took the opportunity to admonish them to give Republicans a break.[11]

Ford administration

Novak, along with collaborator

Ford administration official had privately said that the current Soviet hegemony in Eastern Europe was preferable to the radical nationalism that could otherwise have come about. Novak broke the story in his column, which resulted in a government scandal. The Jewish Telegraphic Agency has stated that the issue significantly hurt Gerald Ford's prospects in the 1976 presidential election.[25]

Orlando Letelier assassination

During the

DGI station chief Luis Fernandez Ona.[27][29]

According to Novak and Evans, Letelier was able to receive funding of $5,000 a month from the Cuban government and under the supervision of Beatriz Allende, he used his contacts within the Institute for Policy Studies and western human rights groups to organize a campaign within the United Nations as well as the U.S. Congress to isolate Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship.[29] Novak and Evans claimed this was part of an organized campaign to put pressure on Pinochet's government closely coordinated by the Cuban and Soviet governments, using individuals like Letelier to implement these efforts. Letelier's briefcase also allegedly contained his address book, which contained the names of dozens of known and suspected Eastern Bloc intelligence agents. All correspondence between Letelier and individuals in Cuba was supposedly handled via Julian Rizo, who used his diplomatic status to hide his activities.[28][30]

Fellow IPS member and friend Saul Landau described Evans and Novak as part of an "organized right wing attack". In 1980, Letelier's widow, Isabel, wrote in The New York Times that the money sent to her late husband from Cuba was from western sources, and that Cuba had simply acted as an intermediary.[31] Reporter John Nichols has written in The Nation that observers should "have a hard time forgiving" Novak for his role in the incident.[32]

Clinton administration

During the Clinton years, Novak published accusations against administration members including Attorney General Janet Reno using sources such as unnamed FBI agents. Later, when in 2001 FBI agent Robert Hanssen was arrested and revealed to have been working for first the Soviets and then the Russians for 22 years, betraying American agents to their deaths, Novak admitted that Hanssen had been a primary source for some of those accusations.[33][34][35]

CIA leak scandal

Main articles:
Plame affair timeline

In 2003, he identified

special prosecutor Fitzgerald and the grand jury
, specifically questions suggesting he may have already testified about his sources despite insisting publicly that he would not do so.

On July 12, 2006, Novak published a column at Human Events stating:[39]

Special Prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald has informed my attorneys that, after two and one-half years, his investigation of the CIA leak case concerning matters directly relating to me has been concluded. That frees me to reveal my role in the federal inquiry that, at the request of Fitzgerald, I have kept secret. I have cooperated in the investigation while trying to protect journalistic privileges under the

took the Fifth Amendment, made a plea bargain with the prosecutors or was a prosecutorial target were all untrue.[40]

When Richard Armitage admitted to being a source, Novak wrote an op-ed column describing Armitage's self-disclosure as "deceptive."[41]

In 2008, however, an unrepentant Novak said in an interview with Barbara Matusow from the Nation Ledger:

From a personal point of view, I said in the book I probably should have ignored what I'd been told about Mrs. Wilson.

Now I'm much less ambivalent. I'd go full speed ahead because of the hateful and beastly way in which my left-wing critics in the press and Congress tried to make a political affair out of it and tried to ruin me. My response now is this: The hell with you. They didn't ruin me. I have my faith, my family, and a good life. A lot of people love me—or like me. So they failed. I would do the same thing over again because I don't think I hurt Valerie Plame whatsoever.

[42]

In a New York Times article in 2010, Valerie Plame said that the disclosure "destroyed (her husband's) international consulting business, wrecked her espionage career and nearly took down their marriage".[43]

In the same interview, Novak also stated:

Journalistically, I thought it was an important story because it explained why the CIA would send Joe Wilson—a former Clinton White House aide with no track record in intelligence and no experience in Niger—on a fact-finding mission to Africa.[42]

After Novak's death, David Frum commented that the whole episode had been ironic given that Richard Armitage, Joe Wilson, Valerie Plame, and Novak all had exactly the same opinions against a potential war in Iraq.[23]

Israeli–Palestinian conflict

Novak took on a pro-

Education Minister and Hamas leader Nasser al-Shaer.[44] Novak praised former president Jimmy Carter for likening Israeli policy toward the Palestinians to "apartheid" in Israel.[44] Novak once said that his opinions on Israel caused the greatest amount of his hate mail. He viewed this as understandable, saying "Israel is so important to Jewish people and its preservation is so vital".[5]

After the

freedom fighters," which prompted Margaret Carlson to remark that he's "the only person who would call Hamas freedom fighters" and Novak to respond that "people all over the world do."[44][45]

The executive director of the

9/11 attacks an "absurdity."[23] The Jewish Telegraphic Agency has stated that Novak "ran a running battle with pro-Israel groups, claiming they were unduly influential in Washington" and that he "excoriated Jews in public service who were not shy about their faith."[25] Reporter John Nichols, writing for The Nation, has praised Novak's views on Israel specifically and on foreign policy in general. Nichols remarked, "Novak maintained a healthy, and very American, disdain for military adventurism."[32] Activist group Churches for Middle East Peace has also praised Novak's stance.[46]

Amnesty, abortion, and acid

See also:
George McGovern presidential campaign, 1972

On April 25, 1972, George McGovern won the Massachusetts primary and Novak phoned Democratic politicians around the country, who agreed with his assessment that traditional blue collar Democrat voters were unaware of McGovern's true beliefs.[47] On April 27, 1972, Novak reported in a column that an unnamed Democratic senator had talked to him about McGovern.[48] "The people don't know McGovern is for amnesty, abortion, and legalization of pot," the senator said.[48] "Once middle America—Catholic middle America, in particular—finds this out, he's dead."[48] The label stuck and McGovern became known as the candidate of "amnesty, abortion, and acid," leading to his defeat that November in a 49-state landslide loss.[47][49]

Novak was accused of manufacturing the quote.[48] Novak has claimed that, to rebut this criticism, he took the senator to lunch after the campaign and had asked whether he could identify him as the source,[48] but the senator said he would not allow his identity to be revealed.[48] "Oh, he had to run for re-election", said Novak.[47] "The McGovernites would kill him if they knew he had said that," Novak added.[47]

On July 15, 2007, Novak disclosed on Meet the Press that the unnamed senator was Thomas Eagleton.[47] Eagleton went on to become the Democratic vice presidential nominee and McGovern's running mate briefly in the 1972 election, before it was revealed that he suffered from bouts of depression throughout his life, resulting in several hospitalizations, which when revealed, humiliated the McGovern campaign and resulted in Eagleton being forced to quit the race. Political analyst Bob Shrum says that Eagleton would never have been selected as McGovern's running mate if it had been known at the time that Eagleton was the source of the quote.[47] Shrum said:

Boy, do I wish he would have let you publish his name. Then he never would have been picked as vice president. Because the two things ... that happened to George McGovern ... were the label you put on him, number one, and number two, the Eagleton disaster. We had a messy convention, but he could have, I think in the end, carried eight or 10 states, remained politically viable. And Eagleton was one of the great train wrecks of all time.[47]

Eagleton died on March 4, 2007, "relieving me of the need to conceal his identity," Novak wrote.[48] Some of Eagleton's former aides were reportedly angry that Eagleton's name was attached to a quote that made him appear duplicitous.[48] Asked about the story, Novak acknowledged that disclosing Eagleton's identity was "a judgment on my part."[48] If there is any disagreement, Eagleton could settle it with him in heaven "or wherever we end up," Novak added.[48]

Political views

Novak was a registered

supply side economics in the early 1980s.[5] Novak changed his mind after debating economics with Reagan face to face, and he later wrote that Reagan was one of the very few politicians that he ever respected.[52]

Novak strongly supported wars in

anti-abortion and anti-divorce views.[5] He also generally tended toward low-tax, small-government libertarian views, but he did not always agree with mainstream Republicans; in particular, he opposed the Iraq War.[53] For this reason he has been called a paleoconservative,[54] although this label has been disputed.[55] Novak's political column once stated that he considered every single president in his lifetime to be a failure, with the lone exception of Reagan.[4] After Novak's death on August 18, 2009, Chicago Sun-Times described him as an independent voice.[10] The Daily Telegraph stated that Novak felt "glee" at starting interparty fighting.[1]

In July 2007, Novak expressed support for Ron Paul's bid for the presidency.[56] In the same year, and shortly after the summer publication of Novak's memoirs, he was interviewed by former columnist Bill Steigerwald. Asked of the future of the country, Novak said:

From my standpoint, I see the long Republican realignment ending and going into a period of Democratic supremacy. I think there will be a lot of mistakes and a lot of bad things done. But I do believe the American people are really up to making the best of their politicians. ... When I am given a chance to address college students, I always tell them, "Always love your country but never trust your government." I believe that.[57]

David Frum, writing for National Review, essentially dismissed Novak as a contributor to the modern conservative movement in March 2003.[54] His statement prompted a rejoinder from Novak and defenses by other commentators.[5] Frum then wrote his book The Right Man motivated by what he called "Novak's disregard for truth." Novak attacked Frum again in his autobiography, labeling Frum a "liar" and a "cheat". After Novak's death, Frum wrote on his blog criticizing Novak while also reflecting that "Novak and I were fated always to misunderstand one another."[23]

Religious views

Raised in

spinal meningitis.[5]

Novak's wife, Geraldine, began regular churchgoing in the early 1990s and eventually settled on

Traditionalist Catholic.[59] Geraldine was already a Catholic. Al Hunt, Judy Woodruff, Fred Barnes, Margaret Carlson, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Henry Hyde, and Rick Santorum attended Novak's baptism.[5]

McCloskey was one of the two priests—the other was Vaghi—from whom Novak received instruction in the Catholic faith.[5] Andrew Sullivan claimed that Novak was a member of Opus Dei.[13] John L. Allen Jr., however, in his authoritative study, Opus Dei, wrote that Novak was not a member.[60] Novak felt that his new faith did not influence his personal behavior or his political views, saying, "I'm a Christian now, but I still have some bad traits."[5]

Final years

On July 23, 2008, Novak received a police citation for failing to yield a right of way to an 86-year-old pedestrian, Don Clifford Liljenquist, who was struck by Novak in slow-moving traffic and taken to a hospital, where he was treated for minor injuries. Novak left the scene of the crash, drove approximately one block from the scene before being flagged down by a cyclist who had witnessed the collision and then called police. He said that he was unaware that a collision had occurred until being informed by eyewitnesses. This is likely to be accurate, as it is typical in patients with nondominant (usually right-sided) brain tumors that cause left-sided visual problems (including visual neglect), which Novak had ("I have lost not only left peripheral vision but nearly all my left vision").[61] The pedestrian was taken to George Washington University Hospital and treated for a dislocated shoulder.[61][62][63][64] There were numerous reports from D.C.-area residents that Novak was prone to road rage and had a habit of flipping off motorists; however, he denied that these complaints were true. "I'm 77 years old. I'm not an aggressive driver anymore." he said shortly after the July 23 incident. When asked about his Corvette, Novak replied, "I've been driving them since 1961."[65]

On July 27, 2008, four days after the car accident, Novak was admitted to Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, where he was diagnosed with brain cancer. In a written statement given to his publisher, Novak said: "Doctors will soon begin appropriate treatment. I will be suspending my journalistic work for an indefinite but, God willing, not too lengthy period."[66] Physicians often check for brain tumors in patients who didn't realize they struck something in a car accident, as this can be a focal neurologic sign.[67] Novak tendered his resignation from his column on August 4, 2008, after revealing that the prognosis on his tumor was considered "dire".[68] Later that month, he began writing new opinion columns for Creators Syndicate.[69]

On February 4, 2009, Novak announced in his newsletter, the Evans-Novak Political Report, that the biweekly newsletter would be coming to an end due to his illness. The newsletter, started four years after the column, had been published continuously since 1967.

Personal life

Novak's first wife was Rosanna Hall; they divorced. In 1962, he married Geraldine Williams, who was a secretary for President Lyndon B. Johnson. Their daughter, Zelda, worked for Ronald Reagan's presidential campaign and for Vice President Dan Quayle. They have a son, Alex, who works as an editor at Regnery Publishing.[13] Although friends with social commentator Michael Novak, Robert Novak was not related.[70]

Novak converted to Catholicism in May 1998 after his wife, Geraldine, did so. He had two children, a daughter and a son.

In his later life, Novak drove a 2002 black Corvette and he had his license suspended several times for speeding. He also participated in a charity car race in Sebring, Florida, which he won. Washingtonian magazine labeled him a "speed freak."[5] Novak was also a passionate fan of basketball, particularly of the Washington Bullets (now Wizards), and the Maryland Terrapins men's basketball team. He was a member of the Terrapins Club booster organization.[10][71] Wolf Blitzer remarked in August 2009, "I always used to see him ... Redskins games, Wizards games, always there."[8]

Novak died on August 18, 2009, at the age of 78, due to complications from a brain tumor. He had returned home to spend his last days with his family after being hospitalized from July 10 to 24.[10] He was interred at Gate of Heaven Cemetery in Silver Spring, Maryland.

Publications

External videos
video icon Booknotes interview with Novak on Completing the Revolution, January 30, 2000, C-SPAN
video icon Interview with Novak on The Prince of Darkness, June 25, 2007, C-SPAN
video icon Q&A interview with Novak about The Prince of Darkness, July 15, 2007, C-SPAN
  • Robert D. Novak (1965). The Agony of the G.O.P., 1964. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  • Rowland Evans; Robert D. Novak (1966). Lyndon B. Johnson: The Exercise of Power. New York: New American Library.
  • Rowland Evans; Robert D. Novak (1971). Nixon in the White House: The Frustration of Power. New York: Random House.
    ISBN 978-0-394-46273-8
    .
  • Rowland Evans; Robert D. Novak (1981). The Reagan Revolution. New York: E. P. Dutton.
    ISBN 978-0-525-18970-1
    .
  • Robert D. Novak (2000). Completing the Revolution: A Vision for Victory in 2000. New York: The Free Press.
    ISBN 0-7432-4271-8
    .
  • Robert D. Novak (2007). The Prince of Darkness: 50 Years Reporting in Washington. New York: Crown Forum.
    ISBN 978-1-4000-5199-1
    .

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Pronounced /ˈnoʊvæk/.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "Robert Novak" (Obituary). The Daily Telegraph. London. August 9, 2009. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
  2. ^ The column was also known as Inside Washington.
  3. ^ Schmich, Mary (August 23, 2009). "Pundit's persona wasn't reality TV". Chicago Tribune. Illinois: Tribune Content Agency. Retrieved June 11, 2022. Novak said that TV was responsible for his right-wing persona. Yes, he'd grown more conservative through the years -- who doesn't, he wondered -- and no, he never said anything on TV that he didn't believe. But abortion? Gay rights? Gun control? As he put it, they weren't high on his agenda, which is why he didn't write about them much. Those issues, however, are the big neon talking points of TV's political agenda.
  4. ^ a b c d e Arnold, Laurence (August 18, 2009). "Robert Novak, Conservative Columnist, Commentator, Dies at 78". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved August 24, 2009.
  5. ^
    The Washingtonian
    . Retrieved August 20, 2009.
  6. ^ a b c d e f "Robert D. Novak biography". Chicago Sun-Times. January 1, 2001. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved June 11, 2022.
  7. ^ a b c Wurth, Julie (August 19, 2009). "Novak enjoyed coming back to UI campus". The News-Gazette. Archived from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
  8. ^ a b Kampeas, Ron (August 18, 2009). "Wolf, the Prince of Darkness, and A-E-Pi-Update". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011. Retrieved August 24, 2009.
  9. ^ Leitch, Will (February 2018). "Newsletter 144: Robert Novak, and Going Back to the Daily Illini". Medium. Retrieved June 11, 2022. ...from 1948–52, he was a sportswriter for the Daily Illini, and he always came back to see the staff when he was in town.
  10. ^ a b c d e Sweet, Lynn (August 18, 2009). "Sun-Times columnist Robert Novak dead at 78". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on August 20, 2009. Retrieved August 18, 2009.
  11. ^ a b Novak, Robert (May 15, 2008). "45 Years of Columns". RealClearPolitics. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
  12. ^ Novak, Robert, and Timothy P. Carney. "ENPR: Final Edition" Archived February 8, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Human Events. Posted February 4, 2009. Accessed August 23, 2009
  13. ^
    Salon.com. Archived from the original
    on February 20, 2009. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
  14. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Robert Novak Storms Off CNN Set". YouTube. August 18, 2009. Retrieved April 4, 2014.
  15. ^ "CNN Transcripts: Inside Politics: Iraq Violence; London Police Vigilant; Republican Spending; Nomination Battle; Future Elections". CNN. August 4, 2005. Retrieved August 18, 2009.
  16. ^ "CNN Suspends Novak After He Walks Off Set". Associated Press. August 4, 2005. Retrieved August 18, 2009.
  17. Today.com
    . December 16, 2005. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
  18. ^ Solomon, Deborah (July 15, 2007). "Questions for Robert Novak: The Plame Game". The New York Times. Retrieved July 15, 2007.
  19. ^ Margolick, David. "What About Novak?". The Hive. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  20. ^ JCS Speech – Meet the Press Archived June 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Joint Chiefs of Staff website. Accessed August 24, 2009.
  21. ^ Yardley, Jonathan (August 27, 2004). "'Boys on the Bus': Pack Journalism At Unsafe Speeds". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 26, 2008. Retrieved August 23, 2009.
  22. ^ "Laureates by Year – The Lincoln Academy of Illinois". The Lincoln Academy of Illinois. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
  23. ^ a b c d e Prince of Darkness Archived August 21, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. By David Frum. NewMajority.com Posted August 18, 2009. Accessed August 22, 2009.
  24. ^ "List of White House 'Enemies' and Memo Submitted by Dean to the Ervin Committee". Archived from the original on June 21, 2003. Retrieved March 10, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link). Retrieved August 25, 2009.
  25. ^ a b c Campeas, Ron (August 18, 2009). "Columnist Robert Novak, Israel critic, dies at 78". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Archived from the original on August 19, 2009. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
  26. ^ Lee Lescaze. "Letelier Briefcase Opened to Press," The Washington Post. February 17, 1977
  27. ^ a b Jack Anderson and Les Whitten. "Letelier's 'Havana Connection' ", The Washington Post, December 20, 1976
  28. ^ a b Robert Moss, The Letelier Papers. Foreign Report; March 22, 1977
  29. ^ a b Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, Letelier Political Fund. The Washington Post; February 16, 1977
  30. ^ Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, Behind the Murder of Letelier. Indianapolis News; March 1, 1977
  31. ^ Isabel Letelier. "The Revival of Old Lies about Orlando Letelier." The New York Times; November 8, 1980
  32. ^ a b John Nichols (August 18, 2009). "The Complicated Legacy of Robert Novak". The Nation. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
  33. ^ Conason, Joe (August 6, 2001). "Was Hanssen a Spy for the Right Wing, Too?". The New York Observer. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
  34. Salon
    . Retrieved May 11, 2019.
  35. ^ Novak, Robert (July 12, 2001). "The Hanssen Mystery". Townhall. Archived from the original on April 29, 2018. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
  36. ^ Novak, Robert D. (July 14, 2003.) Mission to Niger, Washington Post. Creators Syndicate
  37. ^ "US CODE: Title 18,793 Gathering, transmitting or losing defense information".
  38. ^ Carol D. Leonnig and Amy Goldstein (January 25, 2007). "Ex-CIA Official Testifies About Libby's Calls". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 26, 2007.
  39. ^ http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=15988 Archived September 6, 2006, at the Wayback Machine Human Events
  40. ^ Novak, Robert (July 12, 2006). "My Role in the Valerie Plame Leak Story". Archived from the original on September 6, 2006. Retrieved September 8, 2006.
  41. ^ Novak, Robert (September 14, 2006). "Armitage's Leak". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 14, 2006.
  42. ^ a b Matusow, Barbara (December 1, 2008). "An Interview with Robert Novak". Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved December 4, 2008.
  43. ^ Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (September 24, 2010). "Red Carpet Spy". The New York Times.
  44. ^ a b c d "Why Won't Prominent Republicans Criticize Novak for Anti-Israel Writings?". National Jewish Democratic Council – Archived by the Wayback Machine. April 16, 2007. Archived from the original on November 12, 2007. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
  45. CNN.com
    Initially broadcast November 24, 2001. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
  46. ^ "Novak's Column on Palestinian Christians". Churches for Middle East Peace. May 25, 2006. Archived from the original on January 9, 2009. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
  47. ^ a b c d e f g "MSN – Outlook, Office, Skype, Bing, Breaking News, and Latest Videos". www.msn.com.
  48. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Kansas City Star. "With another disclosure, Novak bedevils the dead" by Steve Kraske. July 28, 2007. The original story is a dead link. An archival copy is available here.
  49. ^ Columbia Tribune. "A slice of history: Biographers of the late U.S. Sen. Thomas Eagleton of Missouri will find some vivid anecdotes when they comb through his large collection of journals, letters, and transcripts housed in Columbia" by Terry Ganey. August 19, 2007 Archived June 7, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  50. ^ Rhoads, Mark (September 11, 2006). "Illinois Hall of Fame: Robert Novak". Illinois Review. Retrieved September 18, 2006.
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  53. ^ Novak, Robert D. (July 31, 2007). "Armitage's Leak". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
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External links

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