Rose of Lima

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Daanbantayan, Cebu; Arima, Trinidad and Tobago;[3] Lima; Sittard

Rose of Lima,

Latin: Rosae Limana, Spanish: Rosa de Lima) was a member of the Third Order of Saint Dominic in Lima, Peru, who became known for both her life of severe penance[4] and her care of the poverty stricken of the city through her own private efforts. Rose of Lima was born to a noble family and is the patron saint of embroidery, gardening and cultivation of blooming flowers. A lay member of the Dominican Order, she was declared a saint by the Catholic Church, being the first person born in the Americas to be canonized as such.[1]

As a saint, Rose of Lima has been designated as a co-patroness of the Philippines along with Pudentiana; both saints were moved to second-class patronage in September 1942 by Pope Pius XII, but Rose remains the primary patroness of Peru and of the local people of Latin America. Her image is featured on the highest denomination banknote of Peru.

Biography

Frontispiece of Leonhard Hansen's Vita Mirabilis (Credit: Women of the Book Collection, Sheridan Libraries, Johns Hopkins University)

She was born as Isabel Flores de Oliva in the city of

Spanish army whose family were from Baños de Montemayor, Cáceres, Spain and later travelled to Puerto Rico.[5][6] His wife and Rose's mother, María de Oliva y Herrera (b. 1560), was a criolla native of Lima.[6] Her maternal grandparents were Francisco de Oliva and Isabel de Herrera. Rose’s siblings (in birth order) were Gaspar, Bernardina, Hernando, Francisco, Juana, Antonio, Andrés, Francisco and Jacinta, all born in Lima.[6]

Plaque in Baños de Montemayor, Spain dedicated to Gaspar Flores, the father of Rose of Lima.

Her later nickname "Rose" comes from an incident in her infancy: a servant claimed to have seen her face transform into a rose. In 1597 Isabel was

Toribio de Mogrovejo, who was also to be declared a saint. She formally took the name of Rose (Rosa in Spanish) at that time.[4]

As a young girl, in emulation of the noted

Blessed Sacrament, which she received daily, an extremely rare practice in that period. She was determined to take a vow of virginity, which was opposed by her parents who wished her to marry.[4]
Finally, out of frustration, her father gave her a room to herself in the family home.

Stained glass window by Harry Clarke, located in St. Michael's Church, Ballinasloe, Ireland, depicting Saint Rose burning her hands in an act of penance.

After daily fasting, she took to permanently abstaining from eating meat. She helped the sick and hungry around her community, bringing them to her room and taking care of them. Rose sold her fine needlework and took flowers that she grew to market, to help her family. She made and sold lace and embroidery to care for the poor, and she prayed and did penance in a little grotto that she had built. Otherwise, she became a recluse, leaving her room only for her visits to church.[7]

She attracted the attention of the

Crown of Thorns worn by Christ.[7]

For eleven years she lived this way, with intervals of ecstasy, and eventually died on 24 August 1617, at the young age of 31, after a long illness. It is said that she prophesied the date of her death. Her funeral was held in the cathedral, attended by all the public authorities of Lima. Her feast day is on the 23rd day of August (the 30th day of August in the Traditional calendar).

Veneration

Monastery of Saint Rose in 17th-century Lima

Rose was

Saint Dominic
in Lima. The Catholic Church says that many miracles followed her death: there were stories that she had cured a leper, and that, at the time of her death, the city of Lima smelled like roses; roses also started falling from the sky. Many places in the New World are named Santa Rosa after her.

Saint Rose of Lima; facial reconstruction
Basilica and Convent of Santo Domingo in Lima, Peru
where the remains of St. Rose of Lima rest

Her liturgical feast was inserted into the

public holiday
in her honor.

Early lives of Rosa were written by the Dominican Father Hansen, "Vita Sanctae Rosae" (2 vols., Rome, 1664–1668),[10] and Vicente Orsini, afterward. Pope Benedict XIII wrote "Concentus Dominicano, Bononiensis ecclesia, in album Sanctorum Ludovici Bertrandi et Rosae de Sancta Maria, ordinero praedicatorum" (Venice, 1674).

There is a park named for her in downtown

consecrated under the patronage of St. Rose.[12]

In the Caribbean twin-island state of

Santa Rosa Carib Community, located in Arima, is the largest organization of indigenous peoples on the island.[13] The second oldest parish in the Diocese of Port of Spain is also named after this saint. The Santa Rosa Church, which is located in the town of Arima, was established on 20 April 1786, as the Indian Mission of Santa Rosa de Arima, on the foundations of a Capuchin Mission previously established in 1749.[14]

On the Caribbean Island of Saint Lucia there are two flower festivals supported by their Societies. Each society has a patron saint on whose feast day the grande fete is celebrated. For the Roses it is the feast of St. Rose of Lima on 30 August; and for the Marguerites it is that of St. Margaret Mary Alacoque, 17 October.[15]

Rose's skull, surmounted with a crown of roses, is on public display at the Basilica in Lima, Peru, along with that of Martin de Porres. It was customary to keep the torso in the basilica and pass the head around the country.

She is also commemorated on 24 August in some places.[16][17]

Patronage

Saint Rose is the patroness of the Americas,

Indies, and of the Philippines.[2]

Legacy

Colonial painting of Saint Rose of Lima (1680) by Colombian Gregorio Vásquez de Arce y Ceballos. Colonial Art Museum of Bogotá.[18][19]

On the last weekend in August, the Fiesta de Santa Rosa is celebrated in

Limburg, Netherlands a maypole dedicated to Saint Rose is erected on the first Saturday after the 23rd of August by the local Jonkheid
.

A barony of Saint Rose of Lima was created in the

Kigeli V of Rwanda.[20]

Maywood, California, contains the largest parish dedicated to Saint Rose. [citation needed]

Dedicated parishes are located in:

Asia

Australia

Europe

North America

Bay St Louis, Mississippi

South America

  • Arima, Trinidad and Tobago
  • Perú

Central America and Caribbean

Gallery

  • Temple, Sanctuary and Convent where she lived in Lima
    Temple, Sanctuary and Convent where she lived in Lima
  • She converted a little hut in the backyard into a hermitage, where she often went to pray
    She converted a little hut in the backyard into a hermitage, where she often went to pray
  • Water well where devotees throw letters in memory of St. Rose
    Water well where devotees throw letters in memory of St. Rose
  • Basílica Santuario de Santa Rosa de Lima in Buenos Aires
    Basílica Santuario de Santa Rosa de Lima in Buenos Aires
  • Statue of St. Rose of Lima in the Catedral de la Asunción de María Santísima in Guadalajara, Jalisco
    Statue of St. Rose of Lima in the Catedral de la Asunción de María Santísima in Guadalajara, Jalisco

See also

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 84-285-2259-6
    .
  2. ^ a b Clement X, Pope (11 August 1670). "Bull Sacrosancti Apostolatus Cura". § 3: Bullarium Romanum, 26VII, 42. (Latin text) declaram, &principaliorem Patronam omnium, & singularum Provinciarum, Regnorum, Insularum, & Regionaum Terrae firmae totius Americae, Phillipinarum, & Indiarum, cum eisdem praerogativis dicta autoritate tenore praefentium eligimus pariter, & declaramus
    (translation) "...I, Clement, (..) proclaim Blessed Rosa de Santa Maria as the principal patroness of each and every province, country, island and area of the entire land of the Americas, the Philippines and the Indies, with the same prerogatives of the designated authority, we declare."
  3. ^ "Home".
  4. ^ a b c d "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Rose of Lima". newadvent.org.
  5. ISBN 9788471881496
    . Retrieved 31 August 2022.
  6. ^
    ISBN 9786123175177
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  7. ^ a b c "St. Mark - Saint of the Day - AmericanCatholic.org". americancatholic.org.
  8. ^ Mills, Kenneth & Taylor, William B. Eds. "Colonial Latin America: A Documentary History".(2002) Oxford: SR Books. Page 205.
  9. ^ Calendarium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1969), p. 101
  10. ^ Hansen, Leonardus (1664). Vita Mirabilis et Mors Pretiosa Venerabilis Sororis Rosæ de S. Maria Limensis, ex Tertio Ordine S. P. Dominici ac Sanctissimum d. N. Alexandrum VII. Pontificem Max. Excerpta & collecta Per P. M. F. Leonardum Hansen Provincialem Angliæ, & Socium Reverendissimi P. Magist. Generalis Ord. Præd. Rome: Typis Nicolai Angeli Tinassii.
  11. ^ "Downtown Sacramento Partnership".
  12. ^ "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento – History & Archives". diocese-sacramento.org. Archived from the original on 31 January 2008.
  13. Santa Rosa Carib Community
  14. ^ "Santa Rosa R. C. Church, Arima, Trinidad, West Indies". santarosatt.org. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
  15. ^ "The National Flower Festivals: La Rose and La Marguerite".
  16. ^ "Rosa von Lima - Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon". www.heiligenlexikon.de (in German). Retrieved 12 August 2022.
  17. ^ Catholic Church (2004). Martyrologium Romanum (2004).
  18. JSTOR 42630894
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  20. ^ Saint-David, Stewart Addington (2019). "Grace and Favor: The Foreign Honorific Peerage of the Royal House of Abanyiginya of Rwanda". Researchgate.net. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
  21. ^ "St. Rose Of Lima Parish, Pili". philippinecompanies.com. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
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  23. ^ "賃貸経営をするなら｜家賃保証サービスを利用するのが最適". www.strosesooke.org. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
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  33. ^ a b Michael Hoerner. "St. Rose of Lima – Diocese of Springfield in Illinois". dio.org.
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  51. ^ "Home". stroseoflimaparish.org.
  52. ^ "Saint Rose of Lima School Website". Saint Rose of Lima School Website. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
  53. ^ "Saint Rose of Lima Parish Website". Saint Rose of Lima Parish Website. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  54. ^ metatags generator. "Saint Rose School and Parish Perrysburg Ohio". saintroseonline.org.
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  65. ^ "Houten kruizen Sint Rosakerk worden vervangen door aluminium exemplaren". Dagblad Suriname (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 January 2022.
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  67. ^ "Parroquia Santa Rosa de Lima, Urbanización Venus Gardens, San Juan, Puerto Rico". facebook.com/santarosadelimapr/.

Further reading

Wikiquote has quotations related to Rose of Lima.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saint Rose of Lima.
  • José Flores Araoz, et al. Santa Rosa de Lima y su tiempo. Lima: Banco de Crédito del Perú 1995.
  • Manuscript of the Life of St. Rose of Lima
  • Luis Getino, O.P. Santa Rosa de Lima, patrona de América: su retrato corporal y su talla intelectual según nuevos documentos. Madrid: M. Aguilar 1943.
  • Teodoro Hampe Martínez. "Santa Rosa de Lima y la identidad criolla en el Perú colonial" (essay of interpretation), Revista de Historia de América, No. 121 (January – December, 1996), pp. 7–26
  • Leonardo Hansen, Vida admirable de Santa Rosa de Lima, translated by Fr. Jacinto Parra. Lima: Centro Católico 1895.
  • Fernando Iwasaki Canti. "Mujeres borde de la perfección: Rosa de Santa María y las alumbradas de Lima," Hispanic American Historical Review 73, no. 4 (1993):581–613.
  • Pedro de Loayza, O.P. Vida ad Santa Rosa de Lima (1619) Reprint, Lima: Iberia, S.A. 1965.
  • Ronald J. Morgan, "Heretics by Sea, Pagans by Land: St. Rosa de Lima and the Limits of Criollismo in Colonial Peru", chapter 4 of Spanish American Saints and the Rhetoric of Identity. Tucson: University of Arizona Press 2002, pp. 67–97.
  • Tomás Polvorosa López, "La canonización de Santa Rosa de Lima a través del Bullarium Ordinis F.F. Pratedictorum" in Actas del I Congreso Internacional sobre los Dominicos y el Nuevo Mundo, pp. 603–639. Madrid: Editorial DEIMoS 1987.
  • ISBN 978-1258802653
  • Rubén Vargas Ugarte, S.J. Vida de Santa Rosa de Lima. 3d edition. Buenos Aires: Imprenta López 1961.
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