Seowon
| Seowon | |
 Dosan Seowon in Andong which was depicted on the reverse of the South Korean 1,000 South Korean won bill from 1975 to 2007. | |
| Korean name | |
|---|---|
| Hangul | 서원 |
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Seowon |
| McCune–Reischauer | Sŏwŏn |
Seowon (
History
Seowons first appeared in Korea in the early
Large numbers of seowons were established by leading
They were modeled after early private Chinese academies of classical learning
Most seowon were closed by an edict of the regent
World Heritage Site
| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
|---|---|
| Includes | Nine seowon sites in South Korea |
| Criteria | Cultural: (iii) |
| Reference | 1498 |
| Inscription | 2019 (43rd Session) |
| Area | 102.49 ha (253.3 acres) |
| Buffer zone | 796.74 ha (1,968.8 acres) |
Seowon, Korean Neo-Confucian Academies is a World Heritage Site consisting of a selection of nine seowon:[3][8]
- Gyeongsangbuk-do
- Gyeongsangnam-do
- Gyeongsangbuk-do
- Gyeongsangbuk-do
- Jeollanam-do
- Dodong Seowon, Dalseong County, Daegu Metropolitan City
- Gyeongsangbuk-do
- Jeollabuk-do
- Chungcheongnam-do
Korean cultural heritage sites
In 1741 (Yeongjo 17), when seowon were abolished due the corruption associated with them and because of their role in factional politics,[1] the number of seowon was close to 1,000.[1]
Currently, approximately 150 seowon[citation needed] are cultural heritage sites in South Korea, with many having been restored. They continue to function as shrines to Confucian scholars who performed some significant service to Joseon, contributed to Joseon learning, or were simply family members, but seowons also may also be used for events, such as academic colloquia.[1] See for example, Gangseon Seowon,[9] Hyoam Seowon ,[10] and Galcheon Seowon.[11]
Notes
- ^ a b c d "서원(書院) Seowon". Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-08-20.
- ^ "Seven more cultural sites added to UNESCO's World Heritage List". UNESCO. 6 July 2019.
- ^ a b "Seowon, Korean Neo-Confucian Academies". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
- ^ a b Shin, Michael D. (2014). Everyday Life in Joseon-Era Korea. Leiden · Boston: Global Oriental. pp. 201–203.
- ^ Park et al. (2002), p. 70.
- ^ Park et al. (2002), p. 70; (1984), p. 207.
- ^ (1984), p. 262.
- ^ "Seowon, Korean Neo-Confucian Academies: Multiple locations". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
- ^ "강성서원(江城書院) Gangseon seowon". Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-08-20.
- ^ "효암서원(孝岩書院) Hyoam Seow0n". Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-08-20.
- ^ "갈천서원(葛川書院) Galcheon Seowon". Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-08-20.
References
- Lee, Ki-baik (tr. by E.W. Wagner & E.J. Shultz) (1984). A New History of Korea (rev. ed.). Seoul: Ilchokak. ISBN 89-337-0204-0.
- Park Eui-soo (박의수), Kang Seung-kyu (강승규), Jeong Yeong-su (정영수), Kang Seon-bo (강선보) (2002). 교육의 역사와 철학 (Gyoyugui yeoksawa cheolhak, History of education and philosophy). Seoul: Dongmunsa. ISBN 89-8251-161-X.)
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - Seoul National University Educational Research Institute (서울대학교교육연구소) (1997). 한국교육사 (Han-guk gyoyuksa, History of Korean education). Seoul: Gyoyuk Gwahaksa. ISBN 89-8287-130-6.
See also
- Education in the Joseon Dynasty
- Korean Confucianism
- History of Korea
- List of seowon
- Academies (Shuyuan)(Chinese equivalent to seowon)
External links
- Seowon, Korean Neo-Confucian Academies UNESCO Collection on Google Arts and Culture
- Asian Historical Architecture: Byeongsan Seowon (병산서원), a representative example
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