Southern Thailand

Coordinates: 8°03′33″N 99°58′32″E / 8.0592°N 99.9756°E / 8.0592; 99.9756
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
"Southern Thai" redirects here. For language, see Southern Thai language.
Southern Region
Paktai (ปักษ์ใต้)
Region
Sunrise Thailand Ko Samui
Tarutao National Park
Wat Phra Mahathat Woramahawihan
Rajjaprabha Dam
Phuket City
From upper-left to lower-right: Sunrise Thailand
Phuket City.
Southern Region in Thailand
Southern Region in Thailand
Largest cityHat Yai
Provinces
14 Provinces
  • Yala Province
Area
Mos • Urak Lawoi' • Moklen • Hokkien
etc.

Southern Thailand, Southern Siam or

cultural region of Thailand, separated from Central Thailand region by the Kra Isthmus
.

Geography

Khao Sok National Park, Surat Thani

Southern Thailand is on the

Surat Thani. The total forest area is 17,964 km2 (6,936 sq mi) or 24.3 percent of provincial area.[1]

Ko Lao Liang Phi

Running through the middle of the peninsula are several mountain chains, with the highest elevation at

Sankalakhiri range, sometimes sub-divided into the Pattani, Taluban, and Songkhla chain. At the Malaysian border the Titiwangsa chain
rises up.

The limestone of the west coast has been eroded into many steep singular hills. The parts submerged by the rising sea after the last ice age now form many islands, like the well-known Phi Phi Islands.[citation needed] Also well known is the so-called James Bond Island in Phang Nga Bay, featured in the movie The Man with the Golden Gun.

The population of the growing region is projected to be 9,156,000 in 2015, up from 8,871,003 in 2010 (census count and adjusted), despite these figures are adjusted for citizens who have left for Bangkok or who have moved to the region from elsewhere, as well as registered permanent residents (residency was problematic in the prior 2000 census), the figure is still misleading.[citation needed] There are still a huge number of migrant or informal workers, temporary workers, and even stateless people, and a large expatriate population which is not included.[4]

Most of Southern Thailand is in

Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests ecoregion. The Peninsular Malaysian rain forests and Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests ecoregions extend into southernmost Thailand along the border with Malaysia.[5]

History

Wat Phra Baromathat, Nakhon Si Thammarat, an old and important temple
Sailendran
-style, Chaiya, Surat Thani
Malay Muslim provinces in Southern Thailand and northern Malaysia.

The Malay peninsula has been settled since prehistoric times. Archeological remains were found in several caves, some used for dwellings, others as burial sites. The oldest remains were found in

Lang Rongrien
Cave, dating 38,000 to 27,000 years before present, and in the contemporary Moh Khiew cave.

In the

Surat Thani Province
contains several ruins from Srivijaya times, and was probably a regional capital of the kingdom. Some Thai historians even claim that it was the capital of the kingdom itself for some time, but this is disputed.

After Srivijaya lost its influence, Nakhon Si Thammarat became the dominant kingdom of the area. During the rule of King

Ayutthaya
.

The deep south belonged to the Malay sultanates of

Pattani and Kedah
, while the northernmost part of the peninsula was under the control of Bangkok.

During the Thesaphiban reforms at the end of the 19th century, both Nakhon Si Thammarat and Pattani were incorporated into the central state. The area was subdivided into 5 monthon, which were installed to control the city states (mueang). Minor mueang were merged into larger ones, thus forming the present 14 provinces. With the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 the boundary to Malaysia was fixed. Kedah came under British control, while Pattani stayed with Siam.

Languages

Main articles:
Negritos communities, and other tribal groups.[citation needed
]

Although

Bandon
districts; their dialect is very similar to the Krungthep dialect (upper class dialect in Bangkok), seasoned with some Southern Thai loanwords.

Administrative divisions

The Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC) identities Southern Thailand as 14 provinces.[6]
The Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) includes for Southern Thailand (east coast) also the two provinces: Prachuap Khiri Khan and Phetchaburi.[7]

  Name
Thai
 Area Pop.[2] Dens. Annual
income 		Poverty
Ratio 		Coastal
region
1  Chumphon ชุมพร 6,009.0 510,963 85 351,672 5.4% East
2  Nakhon Si Thammarat นครศรีธรรมราช 9,942.5 1,560,433 157 301,488 8.1% East
3  Narathiwat นราธิวาส 4,475.0 802,474 179 238,680 37.3% East
4  Pattani ปัตตานี 1,940.4 718,077 370 210,156 36.0% East
5  Phatthalung พัทลุง 3,424.5 525,044 153 257,736 14.0% East
6  Songkhla สงขลา 7,393.9 1,432,628 194 331,920 8.2% East
7  Surat Thani สุราษฎร์ธานี 12,891.5 1,063,501 83 437,592 1.4% East
8  Yala ยะลา 4,521.1 532,326 118 187,008 21.2% East
9  Krabi กระบี่ 4,709.0 473,738 101 372,132 6.4% West
10  Phang Nga พังงา 4,170.0 268,240 64 346,104 5.1% West
11  Phuket ภูเก็ต 543.0 410,211 755 378,000 0.5% West
12  Ranong ระนอง 3,298.0 191,868 58 264,420 16.6% West
13  Satun สตูล 2,479.0 321,574 130 278,496 5.8% West
14  Trang ตรัง 4,917.5 643,116 131 279,708 15.9% West
Average household annual income in 2015 (Thai baht).[8]
Poverty Ratio in 2016.[9]

Demography

Southern Thailand has 9.454 million inhabitants and its population density is 134 per square kilometre (350/sq mi).[2]

Ten major cities of southern Thailand

No. Name Pop. Metropolitan
1 Hat Yai 159,627 397,379 in
Hat Yai District
.
2 Surat Thani 130,114 177,242 in
Mueang Surat Thani District
.
3 Nakhon Si Thammarat 104,948 271,330 in
Mueang Nakhon Si Thammarat District
.
4
Phuket
 78,923 238,866 in
Mueang Phuket District
.
5 Ko Samui 65,847 82,900 in
Ko Pha Ngan
.
6 Songkhla 64,602 163,083 in
Mueang Songkhla District
.
7 Yala 61,293 167,582 in
Mueang Yala District
.
8
Trang
 59,999 156,115 in
Mueang Trang District
.
9
Pattani
 44,900 130,178 in
Mueang Pattani District
.
10 Narathiwat 41,572 124,049 in
Mueang Narathiwat District
.

Religion

Main article: Religion in Thailand

Religion in Southern Thailand (2015 census)[10]

  Buddhism (73.45%)
  Islam (26.33%)
  Christianity (0.21%)
  Sikhism (0.005%)
  Other religions (0.004%)
  No religion (0.008%)

Thailand is a Buddhist majority country. About 93.46% in Thailand follow Buddhism.[11] Buddhism is the majority religion in Southern Thailand as well. However, Buddhism makes up only 75.45% in Southern Thailand.[10] Thai people follow Theravada Buddhism. Minority ethnic groups such as Khmer also follow Buddhism. 10 out of 14 provinces in Southern Thailand have Buddhist majorities.

Islam constitutes 24.33% of Southern Thailand even though Islam only constitutes 5.36% of the whole country.[10] Islam is mostly followed by Malay people in Southernmost Thailand. There's also a small Thai Muslim population. Islam is the majority religion in the Malay majority in Yala, Pattani, Naratiwat and Satun provinces near Malaysia known as Southernmost Thailand.

Christianity makes up 0.21% of Southern Thailand population. Sikhism makes up 0.05% in Southern Thailand. Sikhism is followed by Indian immigrants.[10]

Economy

The bulk of the southern population relies on agriculture for 27 percent of its gross regional product in 2014. It is followed by industry (12 percent), trade (10 percent), transportation (9 percent), tourism (8 percent), and construction and property (7 percent).[12] For FY 2018, Southern Thailand Region had a combined economic output of 1,402 trillion baht (US$45.2 billion), or 8.6 percent of Thailand's GDP. Surat Thani province had an economic output of 206.869 billion baht (US$6.67 billion). This equates to a GPP per capita of 182,371 baht (US$5,883), more than double for Yala province, which is fifth and more than three times for Narathiwat province, lowest in the ranking.[13]

Gross Provincial Product (GPP)
Rank Province GPP
(million baht) 		Population
(x 1000) 		GPP per capita (baht)
1 Surat Thani 206,869 1,134 182,371
2 Chumphon 87,746 498 176,200
3 Songkhla 248,386 1,635 151,918
4 Nakhon Si Thammarat 164,375 1,507 109,050
5 Yala 43,006 468 91,815
6 Pattani 48,549 641 75,697
7 Phatthalung 36,006 492 73,213
8 Narathiwat 44,778 721 62,066
  East coast 879,715 7,096 123,973
Gross Provincial Product (GPP)
Rank Province GPP
(million baht) 		Population
(x 1000) 		GPP per capita (baht)
1 Phuket 234,028 580 403,534
2 Phang-nga 78,493 250 313,919
3 Krabi 86,684 418 207,415
4 Satun 31,215 290 107,505
5 Ranong 28,014 269 103,966
6 Trang 64,586 630 102,589
  West coast 523,020 2,437 214,616

Transportation

Southern Thailand is connected with Bangkok by railway as well as highway. Several regional airports are located at the larger towns. The transportation hub of all south Thailand is Hat Yai.

Road

Phetkasem Road
is the longest road in Thailand, running from Bangkok along the Kra Isthmus and then along the west coast of the peninsula. From Trang it crosses over to the east coast to Hat Yai, and ends at the Malaysian border.

Two

Sungai Kolok
.

Ko Samui Airport
Ko Samui Airport runway
Hat Yai Airport

Rail

The

Thung Song to Trang and Nakhon Si Thammarat, and from Hat Yai Junction
to Malaysia and Singapore.

Air

Southern Thailand has five international airports and six domestic airports. As of 2018[update] Thailand's transport ministry is constructing the 1.9 billion

Betong Airport. It is scheduled for completion in 2020.[14]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "ตารางที่ 2 พี้นที่ป่าไม้ แยกรายจังหวัด พ.ศ.2562" [Table 2 Forest area Separate province year 2019]. Royal Forest Department (in Thai). 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2021, information, Forest statistics Year 2019.
  2. ^ a b c "รายงานสถิติจำนวนประชากรและบ้านประจำปี พ.ศ.2561" [Statistics, population and house statistics for the year 2018]. Registration Office Department of the Interior, Ministry of the Interior (in Thai). 31 December 2018. Archived from the original on 14 June 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  3. ISSN 1686-0799
    . Retrieved 22 January 2020.
  4. ^ "Thailand: Major Cities, Towns & Communes - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information".
  5. ^ Wikramanayake, Eric; Eric Dinerstein; Colby J. Loucks; et al. (2002). Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a Conservation Assessment. Washington, DC: Island Press.
  6. ^ "Revisions to the Gross Regional and Provincial Product 2016 Edition". nesdb.go.th. The Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB). July 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2019. page 35 The South
  7. ^ "Weather - Southern-east coast". tmd.go.th. Thai Meteorological Department. 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
  8. ISBN 978-974-9769-33-1. Retrieved 14 September 2019, sub 5.64-5.77 section: Average household income per month{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link
    )
  9. ISBN 978-974-9769-33-1. Retrieved 14 September 2019, sub 5.64-5.77 section: Poverty Ratio{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link
    )
  10. ^ a b c d "Population by religion, region and area, 2015" (PDF). NSO. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  11. ^ "Population by religion, region and area, 2018". NSO. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  12. ^ Wangkiat, Paritta (25 August 2017). "Songkhla power plant sit-in an energy wake-up call". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  13. ISSN 1905-8314
    .
  14. ^ Sritama, Suchat (27 August 2018). "Better days around the bend". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 27 August 2018.

Further reading

  • Suthiwong Pongpaiboon. Southern Thai Cultural Structures and Dynamics Vis-à-vis Development.
    ISBN 974-9553-75-6
    .

External links

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