Standing passenger
In urban public transport, provision is made for standing passengers, often called straphangers[1][2][3][4] or standees,[5] to rationalize operation and to provide extra capacity during rush hour.
Occurrence
On crowded
reserved seating
to ensure that all passengers can be seated.
In
low-cost airline proposed a "vertical seat" design for use by standing passengers on its aircraft.[6]
Seated to standing ratio
The seated-to-standing ratio is the
tradeoffs
.
Passengers per square metre
Passengers per square metre is a quality of service metric used to determine the standard of comfort provided to standing passengers in a transportation vehicle. Multiplying this number by the total available standing area on a vehicle gives the total standing passenger capacity. Bus services in Europe operate at about four passengers per square metre.[8]
Safety and health
Standing passengers are susceptible to suffering
falls and other injuries, particularly elderly people.[9] Shorter people and children may not be able to reach ceiling-mounted handles, straps, or rails. Porous cloth straps are hard to clean, and are being replaced by rubber or plastic straps, and metal fixtures often made of stainless steel.[citation needed
]
Handholds
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Handhold.
Various types of handholds are provided for standing passengers:
- hanging strap – a strap suspended from the ceiling (often with a handle or a loop)
- grab handle – a pivoted, rigidly-mounted, or suspended handle often mounted above eye level of standing passengers
- handrails – rigid rails running horizontally below the ceiling
- stanchions – vertical poles anchored between the floor and ceiling
- grab rails or grab bars – smaller hand rails attached to seats, doors, and doorways
-
Old-fashioned British railcar has hanging straps without looped handles -
Handrails on a London Underground S Stock train -
Straps in the London Underground -
OlderNYCTA R30traincar has twin rows of pivoted grab handles -
R179 car has numerous handholds and looped stanchions for high capacity (New York City) -
Bus grab handles inBengaluru, India -
Grab handle on a commuter bus -
TheSheffield, Englandhas moveable straps -
Railcar in Buenos Aires has suspended rings -
-
Moveable straps on a Vienna tram -
Strap-hung handles in a Seoul railcar -
Suspended rings in Indonesia -
High-floor Coach in South Korea, unusually fitted with grab handles and poles.
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References
- ^ 16 April 1893, Chicago Daily Tribune, pg. 33: "But Lili (a dwarf elephant – ed.) weighs only seventy pounds and her tread would not affect a corn as much as that of the dudish strap-hanger whose equilibrium has been disturbed by the sudden jerk of a green gripman."
- ^ 22 February 1896, Chicago Daily Tribune, pg. 7: "'No sane man,' said a North-sider yesterday who has been a strap-hanger for years, 'expects the street car lines to furnish seats for every passenger during the rush hour morning and evening.'"
- Metropolitan Street Railway Companyto build the underground railroad was published, the million strap-hangers were silent, inert, and helplessly contemplative."
- ^ "An imposing and formal man, Prescott Bush commuted for years to Grand Central Station, then rode down to Wall Street on the subway. 'He'd die now,' according to George's sister Nancy, 'with limos picking them up. He was a straphanger.'" — Andrew Delbanco, "Self-Remade Man," The New York Times review
- ^ "Standee". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2015-05-22.
- ^ The Telegraph (London), "Ryanair to sell £5 tickets for standing-room only flights", Laura Roberts, 1 July 2010 (accessed 17 September 2010)
- ISBN 0-415-25772-7.
- UITP website, viewed 2013-09-11, which quotes Volvo Bus Corporationas its source
- ^ "Safety of Standing Passengers in Urban Buses" on ScienceDaily website, viewed 2013-09-12
