States of the German Confederation
The states of the German Confederation were member states of the German Confederation, from 20 June 1815 until 24 August 1866.
On the whole, its territory nearly coincided with that remaining in the Holy Roman Empire at the outbreak of the French Revolution, with the notable exception of Belgium. Except for the two rival major powers, Austria and Prussia, and the western left bank of the Rhine (which France had annexed, with tiny Katzenelnbogen), the other member states (or their precursors) had been within Napoleon's Confederation of the Rhine.
Empires
1. The
- Archduchy of Austria (split into Upper Austria and Lower Austria in 1849)
- Kingdom of Bohemia
- Margraviate of Moravia
- Grand Duchy of Salzburg
- Duchy of Carinthia
- Duchy of Carniola
- Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia
- Duchy of Styria
- )
- County of Tyrol
- Vorarlberg
Kingdoms
2. The
- Brandenburg
- Pomerania
- Rhine Province (until 1822 the Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine and the Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg)
- Saxony
- Silesia
- Westphalia
3. The Kingdom of Bavaria
- Upper Bavaria
- Upper Franconia
- Swabia
- Upper Palatinate
- Middle Franconia
- Lower Bavaria
- Lower Franconia
- Palatinate
4. The Kingdom of Hanover (in personal union with the United Kingdom until 1837)
5. The Kingdom of Saxony
6. The Kingdom of Württemberg
Electorates
7. The Electorate of Hesse (also known as Hesse-Kassel)
Grand Duchies
8. The Grand Duchy of Baden
9. The Grand Duchy of Hesse (also known as Hesse-Darmstadt)
10. The
11. The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
12. The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
13. The Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
14. The
Duchies
15. The
16. The Duchy of Holstein (in personal union with the Kingdom of Denmark; not a former member of the Confederation of the Rhine)
17. The
18. The Duchy of Nassau
19. The Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 1826)
20. The Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (Saxe-Altenburg from 1826)
21. The Duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen (dissolved in 1826; territory merged with Saxe-Meiningen)
22. The
23. The
24. The Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg (merged with Anhalt-Dessau in 1863)
25. The Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau (Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau-Köthen from 1853; Duchy of Anhalt from 1863)
26. The Duchy of Anhalt-Köthen (merged with Anhalt-Dessau in 1853)
The Duchy of Schleswig was never a member state. But Schleswig was traditionally connected to the duchies of Holstein and Lauenburg, which were member states. In 1848-51 (during the First Schleswig War), it was treated by the German states and the short-lived German Empire as a kind of member. In 1864, the Danish king transferred the three duchies to Austria and Prussia (after the Second Schleswig War).
Principalities
27. The Principality of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (merged with Kingdom of Prussia in 1850)
28. The Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (merged with Kingdom of Prussia in 1850)
29. The
30. The Principality of Lippe
31. The
32. The
33. The Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
34. The
35. The
36. The
Landgraviates
37. The
Free and Hanseatic Cities
38. The Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (still a constitutive state of Germany)
39. The Free City of Frankfurt upon Main
40. The
41. The Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck
The four free cities were republics by constitution, while all the others were monarchies, some constitutional and some absolutist.
Sources and references
- Westermann, Großer Atlas zur Weltgeschichte (in German, detailed maps)
- WorldStatesmen