Thomas H. Carter
Thomas Carter | |
---|---|
Commissioner of the General Land Office | |
In office March 31, 1891 – November 18, 1892 | |
President | Benjamin Harrison |
Preceded by | Lewis Groff |
Succeeded by | William M. Stone |
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Montana's at-large district | |
In office November 8, 1889 – March 3, 1891 | |
Preceded by | Himself (Delegate) |
Succeeded by | William W. Dixon |
Delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives from Montana's at-large district | |
In office March 4, 1889 – November 8, 1889 | |
Preceded by | Joseph Toole |
Succeeded by | Himself (Representative) |
Personal details | |
Born | Thomas Henry Carter October 30, 1854 Junior Furnace, Ohio, U.S. |
Died | September 17, 1911 Washington, D.C., U.S. | (aged 56)
Political party | Republican |
Spouse |
Ellen Galen (m. 1886) |
Signature | |
Thomas Henry Carter (October 30, 1854 – September 17, 1911) was an American politician, who served as
Following his failed re-election bid, President
Early life and career
Childhood and youth
Carter was born to
Following the end of the Civil War in 1865, the Carters used their savings and moved to Pana, Illinois, where young Tommy Carter attended the common schools and worked on his parents' farm.[1] Edward Carter instilled in his children a love for reading and with it a love of learning.[2] Early in his adult life, following his family's loss of their farm due to a lightning-caused fire burning their barn and killing their farm animals, Thomas Carter engaged in railroad work and school teaching.[3][4]
Career and marriage
For several years, Carter worked as a travelling salesman for a book publisher based in Burlington, Iowa. After the premature death of his mother to pneumonia in March 1879, Carter moved his two younger sisters, Julia and Margaret, and a younger brother, Edward Jr., to be with him in Burlington, Iowa, where he now worked as head of the sales department of the publishing company, while their father worked in Kentucky.[5] Thomas and his sisters formed a particular bond in these years in Burlington as he supported them and cared for them as a father.[6] After many long years of studying the law, Carter finally passed the bar examination in Nebraska while there on a business trip (likely in 1881, though the record is unclear).[7]
In May 1882, at the advice of friends, he moved from Burlington to
Political career
Territorial delegate
Carter's first foray into public office in Montana was in the role of public administrator for Lewis and Clark County.[10] In 1888, he was nominated as the Republican candidate for the position of Territorial Delegate to Congress. In the general election in November he faced Butte copper king and Democrat William Clark, making his first of numerous attempts at federal office. Carter upset Clark by winning the three largely Democratic counties of Silver Bow, Deer Lodge, and Missoula, likely with the assistance of Marcus Daly, another influential Montana Democratic copper king and enemy of Clark. Montana's Irish voters, who disliked Clark, also likely helped Carter to victory.[11] This particular election is said to have initiated the famous "War of the Copper Kings."[12] Nonetheless, Carter was elected as a Delegate to Congress and served a short term from March 4, 1889, to November 7, 1889, when the Territory of Montana was admitted as a state into the Union.[13]
United States House
The people of Montana again elected Carter as their first Representative to Congress on October 1, 1889, when he defeated long-time territorial delegate and leading Montana Democrat
United States Senate
Carter was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1895, until March 3, 1901. As a Senator he was chairman of the Committee on Relations with Canada (Fifty-fourth Congress), the Committee on the Census (Fifty-fifth and Fifty-sixth Congresses). President William McKinley appointed him a member of the board of commissioners of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and he served as its president. Carter was elected again as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1905, to March 3, 1911. He was not a candidate for reelection. He died from a lung infarction while at home in Washington, D.C., on September 17, 1911. His funeral was held at St. Paul's Roman Catholic Church, and he was interred at Mount Olivet Cemetery in the city.[18]
Legacy
In Glacier National Park, two natural features are named for Thomas H. Carter: a glacier and a peak.[19] Two towns in Montana named for Carter are Carter in Chouteau County, and Cartersville in Rosebud County. Carter County, Montana was also named in his honor in 1917.[19][20]
Citations
- ^ a b McHattie 1930, p. 54.
- ^ McHattie 1930, p. 55.
- ^ Biographical Directory.
- ^ McHattie 1930, p. 56-57.
- ^ McHattie 1930, p. 57-58.
- ^ McHattie 1930, p. 59.
- ^ a b McHattie 1930, p. 60.
- ^ Progressive Men, p. 1120.
- ^ McHattie 1930, p. 62-64.
- ^ a b McHattie 1930, p. 61.
- ^ Malone, Roeder, and Lang 1991, p. 212.
- ^ Toole 1951, p. 21-33.
- ^ a b Malone, Roeder, and Lang 1991, p. 198.
- ^ Roeder 1989, p. 24.
- ^ Waldron 1958, p. 63.
- ^ Biographical Directory
- ^ Prendergast 1999, p. 72.
- ^ "Carter burial here". The Evening Star. September 18, 1911. p. 2.
- ^ a b Roeder 1989, p. 23.
- ^ Cheney 1984, p. 43-44.
References
- "Carter burial here". The Evening Star. Washington, D.C. September 18, 1911. p. 2. Retrieved August 13, 2015.
- Cheney, Roberta Carkeek (1984). Names on the face of Montana : the story of Montana's place names ([2nd. ed.], rev. ed.). Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Pub. Co. ISBN 0878421505.
- Knox, Thomas Wallace (1892). The Republican Party and Its Leaders: A History of the Party from Its Beginning to the Present Time. P. F. Collier. p. 372.
- Malone, Michael P.; Roeder, Richard B.; Lang, William L. (1991). Montana : a history of two centuries (Rev. ed.). Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN 0295971290. Retrieved November 12, 2014.
- McHattie, Laurence P. (July 1930). "Senator Thomas Henry Carter". Mid-America. 13 (1): 53–71.
- Prendergast, William B. (1999). The Catholic voter in American politics: the passing of the democratic monolith. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. ISBN 0878407243. Retrieved November 9, 2014.
- Progressive men of the State of Montana. Chicago, IL: A. W. Bowen & Co.
- Roeder, Richard B. (Spring 1989). "Thomas H. Carter: spokesman for Western development". Montana The Magazine of Western History. 39 (2): 23–29. JSTOR 4519213.
- United States Congress. "Thomas H. Carter (id: C000200)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- Toole, Kenneth Ross (April 1951). "The Genesis of the Clark-Daly Feud". The Montana Magazine of History. 1 (2): 21–33. JSTOR 4515728.
- Waldron, Ellis L. (1958). Montana politics since 1864 : an atlas of elections. Missoula, MT: Montana State University Press. .
Further reading
- Thomas H. Carter Papers at the Library of Congress
- Thomas Carter Correspondence Selections and Related Material (1901–1971), Merrill G. Burlingame Special Collections Library, Montana State University Collection website